英语句子成分高级解析课件.ppt

1、句子成分句子成分定义定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.She went out

2、 in a hurry.Four plus four is eight.To see is to believe.Smoking is bad for health.The young should respect the old.What he has said is true.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语The sun rises in the east.Twenty years is a short time in history.The poor are

3、 now living in the shelter.Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.He likes dancing.What he needs is a book.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动名词）（动名词）（不定式）（不定式）（句子）（句子）(名词化的形容词）名词化的形容词）（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作

4、、状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill.He looked after two orphans.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;He can speak English well.She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport,please.She didnt say anything.How many do you want?-I want two.They sent the injured to

5、 hospital.They asked to see my passport.I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?（名词（名词）(代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者及物动词或介词的宾语及物动词或介词的宾语（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物.He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语

6、直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语（四）表语在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,were,was)状态：状态：seem,appear,prove-感官：感官：smell,feel,taste,sound,look变化：变化：become,get,turn,go,come,grow持续：持续：remain,stay,keep,在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.

7、They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at ease.（五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy.His father works in a steel work.There are 54students in our class.Do you know Bettys sister?There is a sleeping

8、baby in bed.His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you kn

9、ow the man who spoke just now?（六）（六）.状语状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容词、副词或修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。1)Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）（副词及副词性词组）2)He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）（介词短语）3)He is proud to have passed the national college entrance exa

10、mination.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）4)He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）（分词短语）5)Wait a minute.（名词）（名词）6)Once you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）（状语从句）状语有如下状语有如下10种：种：1)How about meeting again at six?（时间）（时间）2)Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）（原因）3)I shall go there if i

11、t doesnt rain.（条件）（条件）4)Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点）（地点）5)She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）（方式）6)She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随）（伴随）7)In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的）（目的）8)He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果）（结果

12、）9)She works very hard though she is old.（让步）（让步）10)I am taller than he is.（比较）（比较）I found the book interesting.Do you smell something burning?He made himself known to them.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语有些有些及物动词及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及

13、物动词有使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.She asked me to lend her a hand.(七七)同位语同位语 位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况位于名词或代词后面，说明它们的性质和情况 We young people should respect the old.He himself will do the experiment.He is the oldest among them four.He told me the news that our team won t

14、he game.名词名词代词代词数词数词从句从句指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 1.The students got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!5.They went hunting together early in the morning.6.His job is to train swimmers.7.He took many

15、photos of the palaces in Beijing.8.There is going to be an American film tonight.9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10.His wish is to become a scientist.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分 11.He managed to finish the work in time.12.Tom came to ask me for advice.13.He found it important to master

16、 English.14.Do you have anything else to say?15.To be honest;your pronunciation is not so good.16.Would you please tell me your address?17.He sat there,reading a newspaper.18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19.He noticed a man enter the room.20.The apples tasted sweet.Thank you!人

17、称代词人称代词 I我我 you你你 he他他 she她她 they他们他们 me我（宾格我（宾格）you你（宾格）你（宾格）him他（宾格）他（宾格）her她（宾格）她（宾格）them他们（宾格）他们（宾格）物主代词物主代词 my我的我的 his他的他的 your你的（你的（your你们的）你们的）their他们的他们的 her她的她的 指示代词指示代词 this这这 that那那 these这些这些 those 那些那些 反身代词反身代词 myself我自己我自己 himself他自己他自己 themselves他他们自己们自己 疑问代词疑问代词 who谁谁 what什么什么 which哪个哪个 不定代词不定代词 some一些一些 many许多许多 both两个；两个都两个；两个都 关系代词关系代词 which的物的物 who的人的人 that的人的人或物或物 who谁谁 that引导定语从句引导定语从句 相互代词相互代词 each other 互相互相 one another互相互相 连接代词连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever