英语三大从句常考点课件.ppt

1、三大从句第1页，共49页。名词性从句第2页，共49页。一一.相关概念相关概念1.名词名词：表示人或事物的名称的词：表示人或事物的名称的词2.名词的句法作用名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作：名词在句中主要作主语主语,宾语宾语,表语和同位语表语和同位语。3.名词性从句名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的当的主主 语语、宾语宾语、表语表语和和同位语同位语，由一个，由一个句子来充当句子来充当,这个句子就叫这个句子就叫:名词性从句名词性从句。第3页，共49页。1.When we will start is not clear.2.Mrs Black won

2、t believe that her son has become a thief.3.My idea is that we should do it now.4.I had no idea that you were her friend.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句二二.名词性从句的种类名词性从句的种类第4页，共49页。l 连接词：连接词：that,whether,ifthat,whether,if （引导从句，不作成分；（引导从句，不作成分；thatthat无义，无义，whether/if“whether/if“是否是否”）2.2.连接代词：连接代

3、词：whowho(whomwhom),),what,which,what,which,whose whose whoever(whomever),whatever,whichever whoever(whomever),whatever,whichever (作主语作主语/宾语宾语/表语表语/定语定语)3.3.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,why,howwhen,where,why,how（作状语）（作状语）三三.连接词连接词,连接代词连接代词,连接副词连接副词第5页，共49页。1.That he said nothing surprised everybody present.（

4、that 引导主语从句，引导主语从句，不作成分不作成分，常用常用it it作形式主语作形式主语）It suprised everybody present that he said nothing.2 2.What he said at the meeting surprised everybody present.(what引导主从，并引导主从，并在从句作在从句作said的的宾语宾语)3.3.The problem is whether we finish the task on time.（whether引导表从引导表从，不作成分，表示不作成分，表示“是否是否”）4.4.Where he

5、lived is unknown to us.（where引导主从引导主从，作作live的的状语状语）第6页，共49页。第7页，共49页。考点考点1 1.thatthat与与whatwhatWhat we cant get seems better than what we have.That a new teacher will come to our school is true.小结：小结：that 只只引导从句引导从句，无实无实义，不充当成分义，不充当成分 what既既引导从句引导从句，又要在从句中又要在从句中充当充当成分（成分（主语主语/宾语宾语/表语）表语）第8页，共49页。1._

6、 China has a large population is known to us all.2._is known to us all is _ China has a large population.3._is known to us all that China has a large population.4._is known to us all,China has a large population.比较句比较句2，句，句3和句和句4thatWhat ThatItAs第9页，共49页。1）_ you dont like him is none of my business.

7、A.What B.Who C.That D.Whether2)_ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.A.What B.That C.The fact D.The matter 高考题选萃高考题选萃第10页，共49页。考点考点2.2.用用if if/whetherwhether填空填空1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth wri

8、ting.4.I have no idea _he will come or not.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhether第11页，共49页。5.It depends on _ we will have enough money.6._ they can do it matters little to us.7.They have discussed for hours _they will hold the meeting.8.It has not been decided _ to go.whetherWhetherwhether whether第12页，共49页

9、。小结：只用小结：只用whetherwhether引导从句的情引导从句的情况况 主从主从位句首；位句首；表表语语从从句；句；同同位语从句；位语从句；介词后面的宾从介词后面的宾从；后面紧跟后面紧跟 or not；作作discuss的宾语从句；的宾语从句；后面有后面有to do不定式不定式第13页，共49页。考点考点3.3.whoever/whatever/whicheverwhoever/whatever/whichever/what/who/what/who引导名词引导名词性从句性从句1._ was said here must be kept secret.2.She would like

10、to make friends with_shares her interest.3.You may choose_youd like to go with.4.Take _ seat you like in theclassroom.5._we need is more time.6._made the long distance call to him is not important.WhateverwhicheverWhowhoeverWhatwhoever/whomever 第14页，共49页。小结小结vwhoever=whoever=anyone whoanyone who“任何任

11、何的的人人”vwhatever=whatever=anything thatanything that“任何任何的的物物”vwhichever=whichever=anythatanythat 任何任何的的人或物人或物”（已知范围内的或上文提到过的（已知范围内的或上文提到过的）第15页，共49页。1.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.=Anything that was said here must be kept secret.2.She would like to make friends with whoever shares her

12、interest.=She would like to make friends with anyone who shares her interest.3.Take whichever seat in the classroom you like.=Take any seat in the classroom that you like.第16页，共49页。1._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A.Who B.The one C.Anyone D.Whoever第17页，共49页。2.It is generall

13、y considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 第18页，共49页。1.It is clear/necessary/certain/true that It is necessary/important/strange/natural+that(should)+do 2.It is a pity/a shame/an honor that 3.It is well known/reported/thought/said thatIt is（建议建议

14、/要求要求/坚持坚持/命令命令）suggested/requested/insisted/ordered+that(should)+do考点 4.it作形式主语,形式宾语it 作形式主作形式主语语第19页，共49页。it 作形式宾语作形式宾语“6123”结构结构find/feel/make/think/consider/believe/+it+adj/n.+that/to do/doingI think it necessary that we take exercise every day./to take exercise every day.I find it no use arguin

15、g with him.第20页，共49页。1.Ive got to make clear that he told a lie.2.他发现很难使别人理解他他发现很难使别人理解他.He found _3.我认为我们保持冷静很重要我认为我们保持冷静很重要.I think _.it difficult to make himself understood.itit important that we should keep calm 第21页，共49页。考点考点5.5.主语是主语是the reasonthe reason，引导表从用，引导表从用thatthatvThe reason why.is t

16、hat.vThis/It/That is because.(原因)vThis/It/That is why.（结果）第22页，共49页。今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.1.The reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.2.The reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.3.He wa

17、s late this morning.That was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.(原因)4.There was a lot of traffic on the road.That was why he was late this morning.（结果）第23页，共49页。考点考点6.that6.that引导同从和定从的区别引导同从和定从的区别1.thatthat引导引导同位语从同位语从句句在在抽象名词抽象名词后面后面,说明或解释说明或解释该该名词的内容名词的内容.that that引导的限制性引导的限制性定语从句定语从句

18、是是修饰或限制修饰或限制前面名词的。前面名词的。2.that2.that引导引导同位语从句同位语从句中成分完整，中成分完整，that that只引导从句，只引导从句，不作任何成分，但不可省略。不作任何成分，但不可省略。that that引导引导定语从句定语从句中成分残缺，中成分残缺，that that引导从句，并在句中作引导从句，并在句中作主语、宾语、表语。主语、宾语、表语。当当thatthat在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。在从句中作宾语时，可以省略。第24页，共49页。1.The suggestion that he should not go there is of great value.

19、2.The suggestion（that）he made is of great value.3.The fact that he won the first place cant be denied.4.The fact（that）he told me excited me.（thatthat在定语从在定语从句中作句中作toldtold的宾语，可以省略）的宾语，可以省略）第25页，共49页。定语性从句第26页，共49页。相关概念：l 1.1.限制性定语从句：是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。Eg:I was

20、 the only person who was invited in my office.l 非限制性定语从句：和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。Eg:That is Mr.Wang,whose daughter teaches English at a middle school.注意：引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that，指人时用who(主语),whom(宾语)，指物时须用which.第27页，共49页。如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词如何判定用关系代词还是用关系副词1 1、找出定语从句中是否、找出定语从句中是

21、否主语和宾语都齐全主语和宾语都齐全。如齐全。如齐全用关系副词用关系副词。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代词）。用什么关系副词看先行词（主句中的名词或代词）。I will never forget the days(_ I stayed with you).when_Jurassic Park is about a park _(a very rich man keeps differentKinds of dinosaurs)._where1958 was the year _(Spielberg made his first real film)._Please give me th

22、e reason _(you made such a great success)._whenwhyMorning is the best time _(you practise reading aloud)._whenDo you remember the lake _(you first met your girlfriend.）_where第28页，共49页。2 2、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物、如定语从句中缺宾语，确定定语从句的谓语动词是不是及物 动词，如是，用动词，如是，用关系代词，关系代词，如不是，用如不是，用关系副词。关系副词。Yesterday we w

23、ent to visit the house _(the great writer used to live)._wherein whichThe house _(they built in 1987)stayed up in the earthquake.which that /_Luckily none of the people _(I know)were killed in the earthquake.whowhom that /_My father was born in the year _(the Second World War broke out)._in whichwhe

24、n第29页，共49页。3 3、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用、如定语从句中谓语结构是被动结构，有主语，则用关系副词。关系副词。Kunming is a beautiful place _(flowers are seen all the year round).whereOctober 1st is the day _(new China was founded).whenThe window(_ was opened this morning)has been broken.Which thatThe meeting (_ will be held next week)is v

25、ery important.Which that第30页，共49页。(1)that(1)that指物时一般可以与指物时一般可以与whichwhich互换，但在下列情况引导词只互换，但在下列情况引导词只用用thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。当先行词为当先行词为all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时，如：等不定代词时，如：a.All that can be done has been done.b.I am sure she has something(that)you can bor

26、row.c.There is little(that)the enemy can do besides surrender.先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修饰时修饰时：Ive read all the books(that)you gave me.第31页，共49页。先行词是先行词是序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。This is the best book(that)Ive ever read.This is the first composition(that)he has written in English.先行

27、词被先行词被the only,the very,the last the only,the very,the last 修饰时。修饰时。That white flower is the only one (that)I really like.This is the very book(that)I want to find.当有两个或两个以上分别表示当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物人和物的先行词时，这个定语从的先行词时，这个定语从句要用句要用thatthat而不用而不用who(whom)who(whom)和和whichwhich引导。如：引导。如：He talked about the te

28、achers and schools（that）he had visited.第32页，共49页。先行词是疑问词先行词是疑问词who,which,what 时，定语从句用时，定语从句用that而不用而不用who,(whom)和和which引导。引导。Who is the person that is standing at the gate?Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?What that is on the table belongs to me?当关系代词在从句中作表语时：当关系代词在从句

29、中作表语时：Mary is no longer the girl(that)she used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.第33页，共49页。WhichWhich可以引导可以引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句，可用于，可用于介词介词后，其先行词后，其先行词可是一个词可是一个词,也可是整个也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分主句或主句的某一部分。1 She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.t

30、hat 2.The weather turned out to be good,_ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it B B 第34页，共49页。考点三：考点三：asas与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句对这两个词作如下归纳：对这两个词作如下归纳：1、如果定语放主句后，即引用、如果定语放主句后，即引用as也可以用也可以用which.He failed to the exam,as(=which)is natural.She seems a scientist,as(=which)in fact s

31、he is.Grammar is not a dead rule,which(=as)I have said before.2 2、如果从句在主句前，这时要用、如果从句在主句前，这时要用asas而不用而不用whichwhich引导引导 定语从定语从句。如：句。如：As we all know,his parents were killed in the war.As we all know,the earth is round.第35页，共49页。3.用于用于the sameas,suchas，asas,soas中，中，一一般用般用as。e.g.Such books as you tell m

32、e are interesting.This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.4.as代表前面主句意思时，有代表前面主句意思时，有“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which没有此意思，没有此意思，从句中的动词常是从句中的动词常是expect,know,see,think,want,suppose等。等。He won the match,as we had expected.He agreed to the plan,as was to be expected.The police were looking for him,as he thought

33、.Here is so big a stone as no man can lift.第36页，共49页。5.as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用语态，一般要用which作主语。作主语。e.g.She has been late again,as was expected.Tom has made great progress,which made us happy.6.如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或

34、者说导致的结果，如果从句的内容对主句内容起着消极作用，或者说导致的结果，则用则用which.a.He cheated his friend of mach money,which was very disgraceful.b.He came back late,which made his mother worried.第37页，共49页。考点四：关系代词前介词的确定关系代词前介词的确定如何选定介词如何选定介词:1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会：e.g.Is that the newspaper for which you often wr

35、ite articles?2.根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如：e.g.Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which Im sure.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：e.g.1949 was the year in which the P.R.C.was founded.第38页，共49页。4.非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用非限制性定与从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“数数词词/代词代词+of+关系代词关系代词”的结构

36、，如：的结构，如：e.g.There are 50 students in our class,two-thirds of whom have been to Beijing.5.Whose从句可转换为从句可转换为“of+关系代词关系代词”型，如：型，如：e.g.They live in a house,whose door opens to the south.They lived in a house,of which the door opens to the south.They lived in a house,the door of which open to the south.

37、第39页，共49页。关系副词关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的可以用适当的介词介词+which来替代。如：来替代。如：when=in/on/at+which,where=in/on/at+which,why=for+which 介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。eg.1.I wont forget the date when(on which)I was born.2.This is the room where(in which)I lived.=This is the room which

38、I lived in.3.I dont know the reason why(for which)he havent come today.4.Tom still remembers the days when(in which)they lived in Tianjin.第40页，共49页。思考？思考？是否所有的介词是否所有的介词+关系代词都能用关系副词代替关系代词都能用关系副词代替?The painting(_ I looked)was painted by me.at whichThe book(_ I heard)was written twenty years ago.about

39、whichThe pen(_ she wrote that book)can now be seen ina museum.with whichKunming is a beautiful place _ (flowers are seen all the year round).where/in whichI will never forgot the day _ I first met you on the ship.on which/whenduring whichThe film(_I fell asleep)was very boring.结论：结论：只有当介词只有当介词+关系代词充

40、当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语关系代词充当地点状语、时间状语或原因状语时，才能用关系副词代替。时，才能用关系副词代替。第41页，共49页。Correct the sentences:1.Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2.Is that factory which your father once worked in?3.The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4.July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget.(去掉去掉)the one_to_which5.

41、The students and things which you spoke of are known to us._that第42页，共49页。5.Einstein is such a great scientist that we must learn from.6.The student whos book I had borrowed didnt come to school today.7.Who is the worker who took some pictures of the factory.8.It is one of the best films which have

42、been shown recently.9.The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou10.Which is known to all,many satellite are going around in the sky._as_Whosethat_that_that_As第43页，共49页。状语从句第44页，共49页。时间地点时间地点原因原因目的目的结果结果条件条件让步让步方式方式when.while.as.since.before.as soon as,where since,because,seeing that,as,

43、forso that,that,in order that,sothat,such thatsuppose,as long as,on condition that if,unless though,although,even though no matter,even if as,as if,as though第45页，共49页。状语从句的省略现象状语从句的省略现象(1)Dont speak_.(2)_,it can never be forgotten.(3)Pressure can be reduced_.(4)I preferred my milk a little sweetened

44、 _(5)He was a swimmer _.(6)He often made mistakes_.until spoken toOnce seenwhenever possible.when a childwhen speaking Englishwhen needed注意：注意：从句主语与主句主语一致的情况下，从句主语与从句主语与主句主语一致的情况下，从句主语与bebe动词同时省略动词同时省略第46页，共49页。when while as_I was wondering at this,our schoolmaster took his place._ he got off the bu

45、s,he found the thief.He likes pop music,_I am fond of folk music._ I admit that there are problems,I dont agree that they can not be solved.whileWhileWhenWhile第47页，共49页。John sings _ he works.The moment I heard the voice,I knew father wascoming.The man was wandering in the street _ the building near him fell down.whenasthe minute,the moment,the instant,the day,the week,the year,the first time,next time,every time,each time,by the time,及少数副词也可作连词及少数副词也可作连词 immediately,instantly,directly第48页，共49页。第49页，共49页。