高考英语必备语法：定语从句讲解及练习课件.pptx

1、定语从句,定语,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 汉语中常用 表示。 定语主要 由担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。 a beautiful city; a bag full of money.,形容词,的,注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面， 若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， 练习：画出下列短语中的定语 thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. Our monitor is always

2、the first student to enter the classroom. falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool He is the man who you are looking for.,定语从句的定义及相关术语,在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一 或 的从句叫定语从句. 位置:放在名词或代词的后面。如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand

3、is my uncle. ,名词,代词,定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词; 引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词 其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 画出下列句子中的先行词及关系词 1.I have an apple that/which is red. 2.I like friends who like sports. .I like music that/which is quiet.,定语从句的结构： 简单来说就是先行词+关系词+从句。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句，连接主从句； B、代替先行词； C、在定语从句中担当

4、一个成分。,定语从句思维导图,一关系代词引导的定语从句,1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys are playing football are from Class One. Those want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics,who,who,who,2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，

5、常可省略 Mr Liu is the person ( ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( ) I want to see. The professor ( ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( )you met just now is my old friend,whom,whom,w

6、hom,whom,whom / who,3Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game is liked by most boys. He likes to read books are written by foreign writers. The house is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( ) he bought yesterday. The film ( ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 。,w

7、hich,which,which,which,which,4That 即可指人，也可指物.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 The number of people come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Where is the man I saw this morning? The season comes after spring is summer. Yesterday I received a letter came from Australia.,that / who,that / whomwho,

8、that / which,that/which,5Whose 即可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist name is known all over the country. He has a friend father is a doctor. I once lived in the house roof has fallen in. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替： The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which

9、is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.,whose,whose,whose,whose,试一试,Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?,Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?,Do you like the book of which the cover is yellow?,限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的情况,1当

10、先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时 2当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时 ，先行词被the very, the only等修饰时。 .当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。 .当先行词为人与物时。,试一试,Have you taken down everything Mr. Li said? There seems to be not

11、hing is impossible to him in the world. All can be done has been done. 。 There is little I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information they needed.,that,that，,that,that，,that，,The first place they visited in London was the Big Ben. This is the very dictionary I want to buy

12、 . After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing he owns . Who is the man is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt fits me most ? They talked about the persons and things they remembered at school .,that，,that，,that，,that,that,that，,二 关系副词引导的定语从句,1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，

13、比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when. 若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。 I still remember the day I first came to this school. The time we got together finally arrived. Do you remember the years he lived in the countryside with his grandpare？ Do you remember the days we spent toget

14、her last year?,when,when,when,（that/which）,2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where. 若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。 Shanghai is the city I was born. The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I know a place we can have a picnic. I know a p

15、lace is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.,where,where,where,which / that,3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason; 且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导。 若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。 Please tell me the reason you missed the plane. I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today. I didnt believe the reason he

16、 explained to me,why,why,(that/which),关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示,Great changes are taking place in the city where / in which they live. The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.,三“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句 The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famou

17、s. The school he once studied is very famous. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for. Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine you asked,in which,for which,试一试,Well go to hear the famous singer we have often talked. The manager in company I work pays much attention to improvin

18、g our working conditions.,whose,about whom,注意：含有介词的固定短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 Do True or False exercises. This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. This is the watch for which I am looking . The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are

19、very healthy. The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy.,(F),(F),( T),(T),介词加关系代词的定语从句,指人用介词加 whom；指物用介词加 which。 Do True or False exercises. The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. The plane in which we fle

20、w to Canada was really comfortable. The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable.,(T),(T),(F),(F),四 注意事项:如何判断关系代词和关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。,This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. Ill never forget the days whe

21、n I worked together with you. 改错 This is the mountain village where I visited last year. I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.,(T),(正),which,which,方法二： 准确判断

22、先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held? 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。,where,五 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达

23、不完整。 关系词的使用上：A作宾语时可省略 B可用that 非限制性定语从句 形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。 意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。 关系词的使用上：A不可省略 B不用that,判断下列句子为限定定从或者为非限定定从,The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. His

24、mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year.,关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句,as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是： 1. as 和whi

25、ch都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。如： He married her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see.,2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。如： is known to all, China is a developing country. He is from the south, we can know from his accent. Joh

26、n, you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, I dont believe.,As,as,as,which,As 用于限定定从,1. 当先行词受such, so, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 如： Ive never heard such stories he tells. He is not such a fool he looks. This is the same dictionary I lost last week. 注意：当先行词受the same

27、修饰时，偶尔也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。如： She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. （同一个） She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.,as,as,as,(三) 以the way为先行词时，若定语从句中缺方式状语，定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且还可以省略。 若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用（that/which）引导定语从句。 The way he answered the questions was surprising. I dont like the way you laugh at her. I dont like the way ( ) he told me.,(that / in which/ 不填 ),(that / in which/ 不填 ),that/which,Bye-bye,