高考英语听力技巧(强大整理).docx

1、第1讲 听力理解之长短对话课前热身【2015年上海高考真题】Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and

2、the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Impatient. B. Confused. C. Pleased. D. Regretful.2. A. At a bus stop.B. At a laundry. C. At the dentists.D. At the chemists.3. A. An actor.B. A salesman.C

3、. A translator.D. A writer.4. A. He lost his classmates homework. B. He cant help the woman with her math. B. He broke the womans calculator. D. He doesnt know where the “on” button is.5. A. The woman should go to another counter. B. The woman gives the man so many choices. C. The man dislikes the s

4、andwiches offered there. D. The man is having trouble deciding what to eat.6. A. She has no idea where to find the mans exam result. B. She isnt allowed to tell students their grades. C. Dr. White hasnt finished grading the papers. D. Dr. White doesnt want to be contacted while hes away.7. A. Move t

5、o a neat dormitory.B. Find a person to share their apartment. B. Clean the room with the roommate.D. Write an article about their roommate.8. A. Bob wont take her advice.B. Bob doesnt want to go abroad. C. She doesnt think Bob should study overseas.D. She hasnt talked to Bob since he went abroad.9.

6、A. The snack bar isnt usually so empty.B. Dessert is served in the snack bar. C. The snack bar is near the library.D. Snacks arent allowed in the library.10. A. Take her bicycle to the repair shop.B. Leave her bicycle outside. C. Clean the garage after the rain stops.D. Check if the garage is dry.【听

7、力原文】1. W：Sorry sir, your room will be ready soon.M：Dont you understand? I want to have a rest immediately.Q：How does the man feel?2. M：Do I have the time back for further treatment?W：No, but you need to come and have your teeth clean regularly.Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place?3

8、. W：I have read all your books. You have just written a new one, havent you?M：Yes, its about a film star and will be translated into several languages.Q：What is most probably the man?4. W: Could you bring my calculator back? I need it for my math homework.M：Sorry, I dropped it and now the ON button

9、doesnt light up.Q：What is the mans problem?5. W: Andy, youve been standing in front of that sandwich counter forever.M: Sorry, I just wish they didnt give me so many choices.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?6. M: Miss Chan, I was wondering if you could find out how I did on the middle term

10、 exam?W: Sorry, Doctor White is out of town and Im not in the position to give out that kind of information.Q：What does the woman mean?7. W: What we need is a roommate who is neat and clean.M: Lets write that in the advertisementNeatness, a must.Q：What are the two speakers most probably going to do?

11、8. M: I hear that Bob is planning to study abroad.W: Not if I can talk him out of it. Believe me, Im trying.Q: What does the woman imply?9. M: Is this the snack bar always deserted?W: Its the end of the semester. Everyone is in the library.Q: What does the man imply?10.M：Look! Its going to pour. You

12、d better put your bike in the garage.W：Why bother? its been through a lot worse and still works fine.Q：What will the woman most probably do?【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. B 年份题量分值考点20151010态度推断，地点推断，人物行为推断20161010态度推断，语义推断，地点推断，人物关系推断2017春1010态度推断，语义推断，地点推断，人物观点推断2017秋1010态度推断，

13、语义推断，地点推断，人物观点推断【考纲解读】听力要求：主要测试考生理解口头英语并完成相关任务的能力，具体目标为：听力短对话题型难度小幅增长，长选项占多数，难度在于理解对话的深层意思上，语言偏口语化，有比较多的俚语和习语，考纲要求：1.能获取话语中的事实信息；2.能根据事实信息进行简单的推断；3.能理解话语中隐含的意思；4.能归纳话语的主旨大意。因此较多的题目不是仅仅听到关键词即可，需要仔细理解说话人的意思，往往浅层理解会误导学生。【考点分析】一、短对话的考点特征 (1)从11年到17年这7年间，短对话的长短选项的比例一直在逐步缩小，难度逐步增加。年份2011201220132014201520

14、162017春考2017秋考短选项54385544长选项56725566从上表可以看出，虽然在2014年长短选项比例稍失和，但是长选项越来越多一定是以后的趋势。 (2)短对话的考察点中知识点交叉考察，以2018年的秋考为例，短对话考试的口语化加大了短对话的难点，而知识点叠加考察是这次考试的难点。 1根据shorten, dress,这样推断在裁缝店。2根据but转折，态度观点。3根据light，went off, bulb，可知在换灯泡。4难点是deposit，数字计算题。5固定搭配stand no chance，毫无机会。6根据stop drinking wine可知失眠原因。7保留发票是衣

15、服大小不适合，为了换衣服。虽未提及换衣服，但这样的言外之意要能揣摩出。8取消航班，put sb. up: 安排住宿，供给。9找工作难，僧多粥少的画面。10Unfortunately转折即可知道说话者表示自己听不懂。从这次考试来看，现在阶段对于短对话的考察中早已经抛弃了之前对于细节把控的要求，也就是说学生们只是具备场景单词反应能力的题目早就一去不复返了， 更多的要求是理解对话、推理对话的意思。而现在这样的考点更多出现在短选项中，对于长选项还是可以通过考点和词汇判断答案的。因此可以预测短对话的考题只会越来越难，跟四六级考察方式靠拢。二、长对话的考点特征 2018年的秋考为例，是长对话改革后的第4次

16、考试，难度比第一次简单。描述的是房产中介带人看房子的内容。选项部分也不能仅仅满足于判断出考点和若干单词就能做对题目的方向。而是对于对话的理解以及间接考察更多，但是伴有考点在其中混淆学生的判断。出题方面主要以名词主旨、名词细节、动词细节等为主。 高考英语听力长短对话解题策略与技巧 1、对谈话地点、时间等的推测； 2、数字判断和简单计算； 3、对谈话者职业、身份及他们的关系的推测； 4、逻辑推理； 5、对谈话话题、中心大意的推测； 6、对原因、意图、观点、态度等的推测。1.地点题【试题特点】 地点题提问的是对话发生的地点，常用的提问方式有：Where does the conversation m

17、ost probably take place?Where does this conversation most likely occur?Where are the two speakers?【答题技巧】 地点题的解答需要抓住与特定地点相关的常用词语。这类题目的对话中一般不会提到具体场所，问题往往要求根据对话内容推测出谈话场所或某人的去向。考生要注意抓取信息词，即与特定地点相关的最常用词语。 其次，考生需要熟悉常考的地点和不同场景下人们的谈话用语，这对做好地点题很有帮助。关于不同场景下的常用词下面会为大家详细介绍，大家应该熟记这些场景和单词。【典型例题】【2015年高考真题第2题】2. A

18、. At a bus stop.B. At a laundry. C. At the dentists.D. At the chemists.M：Do I have the time back for further treatment?W：No, but you need to come and have your teeth clean regularly.Q：Where does the conversation most probably take place?【解析】根据关键词have your teeth clean可知是口腔诊所，选择C。2.人物关系或身份职业题【试题特点】 （1

19、）对人物关系的提问人物关系题常用的提问方式有：Whats the probable relationship between the two speakers? （2）对人物职业的提问身份职业题常用的提问方式有：Who is the man/the woman?【答题技巧】 在解答人物关系和身份职业题时，一定要注意双方的称呼语。对话中的称呼语往往会直接暴露出说话人的身份或说话双方的关系，比如Mr.一词就表明对方很可能是自己的上级或老师。同时要善于捕捉关键词及人物语气。解答这类试题，不但要熟悉体现某种人物关系或某种职业的相关词汇，而且要注意说话人的语气和态度，比如师生之间、夫妻之间、家长与孩子之

20、间以及老板与员工之间的说话方式和语气均有自己的特点。在短对话部分常考的职业身份有： 教授(professor)、 秘书(secretary)、 医生(doctor)、老板(boss)、服务员(waiter/waitress)、主人 (host/hostess)、修理工(repairer/plumber/electrician)、家庭角色(husband/wife/son/daughter/girlfriend)短对话部分涉及的人物关系包括： 夫妻(husbandwife)、父子(fatherson)、母子(motherson)、师生(teacherstudent)、同学(schoolmate/

21、 classmate)、同事(colleague)、老板与秘书(bosssecretary)、雇主与雇员(employeremployee)、医生与病人(doctorpatient)、服务员与顾客(waiter/waitresscustomer)、主人与客人(host/hostessguest)、警察与司机(policemandriver)、管理员与借阅者(librarianreader)、房东与租房者(landlord/landladytenant)【典型例题】【2015年高考真题第3题】A. An actor.B. A salesman.C. A translator.D. A write

22、r.W：I have read all your books. You have just written a new one, havent you?M：Yes, its about a film star and will be translated into several languages.Q：What is most probably the man?【解析】根据关键词have read all your books和have just written a new one得知应该是作者，选择D3.语义推断题 【试题特点】 在语义推断题中通常第一个说话人提出一种观点或建议，第二个说话

23、表达同意还是反对，在表达同意或反对时，表达方式有时是非常明确的，有时是含蓄的，需要我们做出正确的判断。提问方式通常为：What will the man/woman most probably do?What are the speakers probably going/trying to do?What does the woman suggest doing?【答题技巧】 从选项特点来看，语义推断题的选项都是动词短语形式，且动词一般为原形或动名词形式，在浏览选项时注意这一点，可以为我们快速判断题型提供方便。 当我们在听录音时要留意对话中的动词，尤其注意与选项中动词相关的信息，一般说来这些

24、信息包含着最重要的内容。在留意动词的同时，要记录一些与该动词相关的重要信息，尤其是不止一个选项中的动词在对话中出现的时候，只有留意与其相关的信息，才能根据问题对号入座。 同时，在听录音的过程中要注意表示请求或建议的句式或短语。此类试题的对话中经常会包含提出请求或建议的句式或短语，如： Why dont you? What about? Lets; Youd better; If I were you, I would; Id like to; You might as well等，此类句式后面的内容有可能就是建议去做或准备去做的行为活动，很可能与答案直接相关，因此听音时需重点留意。【典型例题】

25、【2016年高考真题第5题】 A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasnt interested in the show. D. She didnt get a favorable seat. 【解析】对话中女士说but I could hardly see the stage from my seat“但是我坐的位置几乎看不到舞台”，这说明她的座位不是非常有利，因此答案为D。4.判断推理题【试题特点】 推理题是听力测试中难度较大的一类试题，这类题型在近几年的考试中题量较大。

26、其特点是：说话者采用比较含蓄的方法表达内容及意图，不能为答题者提供直接的信息。要求考生在听懂原文的基础上，利用语音、语调、语法、常识等进行逻辑推理和判断，辨别说话人的意图、暗示、态度、要求等。这类试题一般选项较长，大都由完整的句子组成，并且每句话之间的内容并没有关联，这就增加了阅读的难度，对阅读理解的速度提出了更高的要求。 本类试题常常对what（做什么）、why（原因、理由）以及整个对话的含义提问。对话者通过语音、语调和重读等语音手段或否定、反问、比较、强调、虚拟、转折等语法手段表达怀疑、肯定、否定、赞同、不耐烦、感叹等内涵意义。【答题技巧】 这类题型的选项一般是陈述句式，并涉及各个不同的方

27、面。听录音前要熟悉各选项的内容，以便一边听一边与选项进行比较对照，寻找与录音汉语一致的选项。 在听录音的过程中注意捕捉关键词。根据选项可以预测即将听到的内容，当关键的词语和信息来临时，要快速反应，将其抓住，作为推测答案的依据。 要注意理解话外之音、言外之意。这类题目答案通常不照搬原文，而需要对原文做出推理或归纳等，才可得到正确答案。解题可以从以下几个方面入手（1） 注意文字中的隐含信息 在推理题中，一些句子的真实含义不是直截了当地摆在我们面前，而是要我们根据对话中揭示的内容去寻找与其有关的其他事物以及它们之间的联系。这种有联系的事物是可以在选项中找到的，这是此类题的一个主要特点。有的考生听到什

28、么选什么，这一方法在这类题中是行不通的，因为答案在用词上与听力原文常常是不一样的。虽然有的答案在句义与上原文一致，但更多的情况下我们需要对原文作进一步的推理，才能正确作答。要善于联想，揭示事物之间的关联性，顺藤摸瓜。【典型例题】【2016年高考真题第6题】 A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. C. The woman doesnt have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesnt serve breakfast.【试题解析】对话中女士说

29、I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast.“我吃午餐和晚餐，但是早餐总是省了”，所以可判断The woman doesnt have breakfast。(2) 留意对话中的转折信号词but 在含有but的一组对话中，第一个人的话没有什么特点，对于解题也不重要。第二人的答语中则含有一个中but句型。含有but的那句话往往是有两部分：首先是一个简单的短句，然后是一个较长的句子，but在两个句子的中间，把两个部分连接起来。在这种句型中，but是答题的关键，因为答案往往包含在but后面的句子里。but后面很多情况下都是提供一

30、定的具体信息。鉴于这个特点，考生做题的时候应该紧紧抓住but后面句子的意思。【典型例题】【2017年6月考第5题】A. Expensive. B. Cheap. C. Unsuitable. D. Unnecessary.W: Shall we buy some magazines at the home decoration before furnishing our new house?M: We could, but considering the information, dont you think they are overpriced?Q: What does the man t

31、hink of such magazines?【解析】转折后说道overpriced因此是贵的，选择A。(3)注意对话中的虚拟语气 这类题的特征是对话中出现虚拟条件句，包括与过去事实、现在事实、将来事实相反的虚拟条件句；此外还有wish从句、if only从句等表示无法实现的愿望，以及it is（about）time that sb. did sth./it is (high) time that sth. happened等句型表达该某人做某事了或某事该发生了。考生最容易失分的就是在虚拟条件句上的理解，解答这类题的前提是熟练掌握虚拟语气的结构，理解虚拟语气所包含的假设含义。听到虚拟语气的标志

32、性词语后，应迅速抓听后面的内容，将其还原成说话者的真实意图，或者说是“反着选题”。【典型例题】【2017年1月考第10题】A. She missed the beginning of the program.B. She was awakened during the quiz.C. She fell asleep before the program ended.D. She wishes she had gone to sleep earlier.M: I really enjoyed that quiz show last night. Did you see it?W: Oh, yes

33、. But I wish I couldve stayed awake long enough to see the whole thing.Question: What does the woman mean?【解析】根据关键虚拟语气couldve stayed awake long可知中途睡着了，因此选C。【真题拾遗1-短对话】【2016年上海高考真题精析】Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conv

34、ersation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It

35、 is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious. C. It is old-fashioned. D. It is disappointing.【参考答案】D【考查能力】态度推断【试题解析】Question是关于女士对于购物中心的看法，对话中女士说it is not as good as I expected“不如我期待得那么好”，这说明她觉得这个购物中心令人失望。2. A. On August 5th.B. On August 6th.C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.【参考答案】B【考查能力】语义推断【试题解析】Question

36、是他们何时到达营地，对话中男士问How long will we stay at the camp? 女士的回答是Well stay there for one night. That is, we will leave the camp on August 7th.“我们将在这儿呆一晚上，也就是说，八月7日我们将离开营地”因此，可以判断他们是八月6日到达营地的。3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.【参考答案】A【考查能力】人物职业推断【试题解析】Question是男士最可能是做什么工作的，由对话中男士讲到We are

37、famous for our barbecue pork with rice. Would you like to have some? 可知：男士的职业是服务员。4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.【参考答案】B【考查能力】地点推断【试题解析】对话中男士说在找一些有关莎士比亚的资料，女士的回答是Everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelves when the closing bell is sound

38、ed.“关门时间到了，每个人都应该将书放回书架原处”。因此，对话地点很可能是图书馆。5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat. C. She wasnt interested in the show. D. She didnt get a favorable seat. 【参考答案】D【考查能力】语义推断【试题解析】对话中女士说but I could hardly see the stage from my seat“但是我坐的位置几乎看不到舞台”，这说明她的座位不是非常有利，因此答案为D。6.

39、 A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast. C. The woman doesnt have breakfast. D. The cafeteria doesnt serve breakfast.【参考答案】C【考查能力】细节理解【试题解析】对话中女士说I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast.“我吃午餐和晚餐，但是早餐总是省了”，所以可判断The woman doesnt have breakf

40、ast。7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.【参考答案】B【考查能力】行为推断【试题解析】对话中男士问女士：你是要把西红柿种子也放入土壤中吗？女士回答：I think there is plenty of space to the right of the cucumbers.“我觉得黄瓜的右边还是有很多空间的”这说明他们在种植蔬菜。8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down th

41、e job offer. C. The man may have another chance. D. The man can apply for the job again.【参考答案】C【考查能力】语义推断【试题解析】Question是女士话语的含义，对话中男士表示自己的求职申请被拒、心情沮丧，女士说Well, dont take it so hard. Something else will turn up. 也就是女士相信男士会有新的机遇。9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street

42、. C. A vehicle is polluting the air. D. The man is reading a report online.【参考答案】C【考查能力】语义推断【试题解析】对话中女士说Good morning! This is Clean Air hot line. May I help you? 这说明女士是清洁空气热线的工作人员，男士说Yes, Id like to report a smoking vehicle running on King Street. 因此，可推断出有一辆车在污染空气。10. A. Its ending is not good enoug

43、h. B. Its special effects are not satisfying. C. It deserves an award. D. It is good except for the scary part.【参考答案】A【考查能力】态度推断【试题解析】Question是男士对于这场电影的看法，对话中男士说It would deserve an award if it werent foritslast part. 也就是说，这位男士觉得电影的结尾不够好。故A项正确。【听力原文】1. M: So, what do you think of the new shopping cen

44、ter?W: I went there yesterday and it is not as good as I expected.Q: What does the woman think of the shopping center?2. M: How long will we stay at the cam?W: Well stay there for one night. That is, we will leave the camp on August 7th.Q: When will the speakers arrive at the camp?3. M: We are famou

45、s for our barbecue pork with rice. Would you like to have some?W: Err. I dont think so. I am not a big fan of Barbarella pork.Q: Who is most probably the man?4. M: Can I stay here for just another minute? I really need to look up something on Shakespeare.W: Sorry. Everyone is supposed to put books b

46、ack to the shelves when the closing bell is sounded.Q: Where is the conversation most probably taking place?5. M: Wasnt the show any good?W: The show is good, but I could hardly see the stage from my seat.Q: What does the woman mean?6. M: Do you have your break, lunch and dinner at the cafeteria?W: I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7. M: Are you going to put the