高考完形填空之议论文-教案.docx

1、第7讲 完形填空之议论文课前热身Every conscious being has interests that should be respected. No being who is conscious of being alive should be devalued to thinghood, dominated and used as a resource or _41_. The key point of the idea known as animal rights is a movement to extend moral consideration to all _42_be

2、ings. Nobody should have to demonstrate a specific level of intelligence or be judged beautiful to be given moral consideration. No being should have to be useful to humanity or capable of accepting “duties” in order to be extended moral consideration. _43_, what other animals need from us is being

3、free from duties to us.Animal rights is about letting animals live on their own terms. It can be written into our laws, but is not an actual list or bill of rights as we have for human society. It begins with our promises not to act like _44_ of others. Animal rights is about justice-treating animal

4、s fairly.Why is animal rights _45_? It is because we human often act as though we are the only beings on the planet. Although we depend on other animals for our very survival, humans are the only animals that have upset the balance of nature. There are lots of ways that humans _46_ animals. 41.A. co

5、mpaniesB. goodsC. insects D. providers42.A. activeB. consciousC. intelligentD. strange43.A. IndeedB. MoreoverC. NeverthelessD. Otherwise44.A. followersB. friendsC. mastersD. tutors45.A. necessaryB. neglectedC. respectedD. revolutionary46.A. distinguishB. eliminateC. exploitD. raise参考答案： 41 46 BBACAC

6、 年份题量分值考点题型201415题 15分 高中词汇在具体语境中的运用，段落的逻辑性完形填空201715题 15分文章主旨大意的理解，高频词汇在语境中的使用完形填空201815题 15分词句、段落和文章之间的逻辑性，高频词汇辨析完形填空【考纲解读】 近五年上海英语高考对于完形填空的考查题量一直保持在15题，总分值为15分，每小题1分。主要以语篇挖空的形式考查对于文章主旨大意的整体理解和把握、高中词汇的识记与理解，尤其是形近词的辨析、词汇在具体语境中的运用、句子之间以及段落之间的逻辑关系等。要求考生在掌握一定词汇量的基础上，能对词在句子、段落乃至文章中的具体意思和运用有较为深刻的认识与理解，同

7、时要求考生从文章的全局出发，把握文章的主旨大意和上下文的逻辑关系。在做议论文完形填空时，首先要抓住议论文的中心句，即文章的中心论点。从文章全局角度出发，把握文章的结构层次和行文脉络。接着，再找到每一段的分论点和支持分论点的支持句。所选的选项需要紧扣文章的中心论点和分论点。解题时，要求根据上下文的逻辑关系，推敲句子之间的前因后果，做出正确的判断和选择。【考点分析】考点一：上下文逻辑In any case, despite so much evidence to the _52_, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, _53_,

8、 that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from _54_ without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.（2016年上海高考英语真题）54. A. outside B. insideC. below D. above 考点分析：根据后句“.makes for authoritarian manag

9、ers.”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。考点二：近义词或同义词复现考点分析：The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very _58_ person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not.

10、 Results showed that people were more likely to _59_the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. 58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working考点分析：第58空是完形填空中典型的近义词复现。在58空所在句子之后有attractive一词，再根据句意的理解，一张是长得漂亮的人的照片，另一张是长得不太吸引人的照片，将两者进行对比。因此，58空应该选择attractive的近义词goo

11、d-looking.考点三： 文章主旨大意But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be _63_ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more _64_ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop

12、 relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one _65_ contact.（2014年上海高考英语真题）65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret考点分析：要选对第65题，仅仅对空格所在的句子理解还不够，需要从整篇文章的主旨大意出发。在文章的开头就提及动物之间的梳理毛发是一种亲昵的行为表现，最后一句再次提及诸如梳理毛发这种

13、一对一的身体接触，因此本题选C.考点四：词汇、段落句子之间的对应There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 49 in young children. One is that these 50 appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 51 . 49. A. cultivatedB

14、. motivatedC. possessed D. stimulated考点分析：第49空解题依据是要找到上下文词汇或段落句子之间的对应。49 空后before引导的时间状语从句，说“在大多数父母开始训练他们的孩子之前”，与之对应的即是49空所在句子中的are not taught，再根据并列连词but表转折，由此可知这种能力是先天拥有的，因此本题选C例题精讲2018年高三徐汇区一模Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.Students

15、in the study became_41_ even when shown the logo of burger chain McDonalds so quickly on screen that they could not _42_ it.Researchers say that daily exposure to fast food brands could have a subliminal(潜意识的) effect on _43_, making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time. They c

16、onclude: “Our experiments suggest that the _44_goal of saving time embedded in fast food may have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience.”Thinking about fast food increases _45_for time-saving products. “More _46_, we found that the mere exposure to fast food symbols reduce

17、d peoples willingness to save and led them to prefer immediate _47_over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest.”Student volunteers were quickly shown six logos from fast-food chains McDonalds, Burger King, KFC, Subway, Wendys and Taco Bell. They could not consciously see what

18、 they were but the subliminal effect was _48_. Their reading speed was measured before and after seeing the logos and it was significantly faster afterwards. Participants also preferred time-saving products like three-in-one skincare treatments rather than _49_versions after seeing the logos. When a

19、sked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a weeks time, they again chose _50_ reward after being exposed to the brands.Researcher Chen-Bo Zhong, assistant professor of organizational behaviour at Canadas Toronto University, said: “Fast food represents a cu

20、lture of time efficiency and immediate _51_.” The problem is that the goal of saving time gets activated upon exposure to fast food _52_whether time is a relevant factor in the context. “_53_, walking faster is time-efficient when one is trying to make a meeting, but its a sign of impatience when on

21、e is taking a walk in the park.”“Were finding that the mere exposure to fast food is _54_a general sense of hurriedness and impatience. When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible speed even though there is no _55_at all.”41. A. hungryB. stre

22、ssful C. anxiousD. timid【参考答案】C【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】 考查上下文关联。根据上一段“Eating fast food makes people impatient even when they are not short of time, a new study claims.”可知吃快餐会使人们变得不耐烦，与impatient相对应的形容词是anxious.故C项正确。42. A. recognize B. investigate C. diagnose D. recall【参考答案】A【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】even when之后

23、的非谓语shown the logo of burger chain McDonalds so quickly on screen说明麦当劳的标志在电视屏幕上闪现得如此之快。因为速度很快，所以学生们不能识别。故A正确。43. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour【参考答案】D【考查内容】上下文逻辑关联的判断【试题解析】根据后一句making people hurry regardless of whether they are pushed for time可知，使人很匆忙是一种行为方式的体现，由此倒推到空格，故D正确。44.

24、A. commonB. unconscious C. primary D. temporary【参考答案】B【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】根据后句“have the unexpected consequence of causing hurriedness and impatience ”可知有一种导致匆忙和不耐烦的意外的结果，说明这种节约时间的目标本就出于一种无意识的。45. A. preferences B. implications C. ingredients D. intentions【参考答案】A【考查内容】文章段落大意的把握【试题解析】要选对段首空格中的选项，需要根据该段

25、之后的内容进行判断。根据下文led them to prefer immediate 中prefer可知人们的倾向和偏爱。正选选项preferences可以视为其动词prefer的原词复现。46. A. naturallyB. strikingly C. fortunatelyD. personally【参考答案】B【考查内容】词义辨析【试题解析】细读后一句，是对段首句进一步的说明和举例。在四个副词选项中，strikingly表示“明显地”，具有具体举例说明的作用，因此本题选B. 47. A. gainB. proof C. respondD. attention【参考答案】A【考查内容】上下

26、文文意理解【试题解析】根据后一句prefer immediate _47_over greater future return, finally harming their economic interest中greater future return和economic interest可知，人们更偏爱眼前的收益，故A选项 gain正确。 48. A. concealed B. imposed C. edited D. marked【参考答案】D【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】根据前半句“They could not consciously see what they were ”可知，

27、but后面的内容是对此句的转折，前半句说的是不能有意识地看到，but后面的内容则应该表示这种潜意识的效果应该是非常明显的，故D正确。49. A. separate B. special C. expensive D. original【参考答案】A【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】根据前句中的three-in-one skincare，意思是三合一的护肤。选项中与three-in-one对应的是形容词是separate.意思是独立的，分离的。故A项正确。50. A. potential B. constant C. intense D. instant【参考答案】D【考查内容】段落大意的整

28、体理解【试题解析】根据此段上文的内容，说及人们往往为了眼前的利益而放弃长远的更大的利益。因此，When asked whether they would accept a small sum of money immediately or a larger amount in a weeks time,他们会选择眼前即刻的回报。51. A. cultivation B. resistanceC. satisfactionD. awareness【参考答案】C【考查内容】上下文对应【试题解析】上文中说及When asked whether they would accept a small su

29、m of money immediately or a larger amount in a weeks time, they again chose instant reward after being exposed to the brands.此空格前的immediate对应上文中的instant. 因此，空格处得选satisfaction，对应上文中的reward.52. A. in terms of B. on account of C. regardless of D. with respect to【参考答案】C【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】此题有一定难度。首先要知道四个

30、选项介词短语的意思。再根据句意，问题是：一接触快餐食物，节省时间的目标就会被激活，而不管在此环境中，时间是否是一个相关因素。前半句强调节省时间，后半句又将时间置于一个不置可否的地位，是一种让步关系，故C正确。53. A. In other words B. On the contraryC. For example D. In addition【参考答案】C【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】此空格所在句子的双引号起到了一个很好的提示作用。通过细读，不难发觉此句是对前一句的观点举了一个具体的例子。因此选C54. A. promoting B. assumingC. insultingD. a

31、ssessing【参考答案】A【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】根据空格后的短语a general sense of hurriedness and impatience可知，匆忙感和不耐烦都是对快餐的接触而促成的。与整篇文章的主旨大意也相一致。故A选项正确。55. A. chanceB. senseC. rushD. harm【参考答案】C【考查内容】上下文文意理解【试题解析】根据前半句When I sit in a fast food restaurant, I find myself gobbling(狼吞虎咽) my Big Mac down at this incredible

32、speed中对于gobbling的理解，再根据表示转折的连词even though进行判断，实际上根本没有这样匆忙。故C项正确。【模拟演练】Could Buying Paintings Make You Rich?Is investing in paintings a good way to get rich fast? And how should you invest in art?“With extreme_41_” is the advice of Patrick Connolly, a financial adviser. “We dont _42_our customers to

33、invest in art because the downsides are greater than the upsides. It doesnt produce income or earnings. What you_43_is exclusively based on supply and demand, and there are big movements upwards or downwards if there are changes in the economic environment,” he said.To invest in art as a true invest

34、ment, you need a starting fund of at least $5,000. But its not just about having enough _44_to buy the painting in the first place. Expensive works of art are often stored in protective boxes complete with detectors to monitor humidity and temperature levels, and to protect them from sun damage or o

35、ther _45_such as a spilled cup of coffee. And if you do put it on your wall, then your insurance costs are likely to be high. If word gets out that you have expensive art hanging on your wall, then youre likely to be a _46_for thieves.Art is also not a regulated investment so when things go wrong fo

36、r example, an artwork turns out to be a fraud （赝品） then investors cannot fall back on_47_for any repayment.Of course given the current environment of low interest rates, thats still a(n)_48_ return than many savings accounts will give you. As art has no association to the stock market, it means pain

37、tings can _49_in value even when the market crashes, making it a good option for investment_50_.It is reported that after a decrease in the global art market throughout 2016, auction（拍卖） sales _51_in the first six months of 2017. Yet you dont necessarily have to be super-wealthy to invest in art. Th

38、ere are a growing number of art fairs and online marketplaces aimed at buyers with a more _52_budget. Most art industry experts suggest that you buy a piece of art because you like it, not because you want to get rich. The most_53_ approach is probably to buy something you like and can_54_and, be pr

39、epared to keep it just for your own pleasure. If it goes up in value that should be just a(n) _55_benefit. （2018年黄浦区高三一模）41. A. accuracy B. carefulnessC. enthusiasmD. generosity42. A. beg B. control C. forbid D. recommend43. A. get back B. look intoC. take outD. turn to44. A. desireB. energyC. money

40、D. time45. A. accidents B. appliances C. measuresD. drinks46. A. partner B. spectator C. targetD. therapy47. A. initiative B. regulation C. strategy D. tradition48. A. better B. earlier C. healthier D. lower49. A. fall apart B. fall down C. go ahead D. go up 50. A. funds B. levels C. selections D. r

41、ates51. A. ceased B. proceeded C. recovered D. shrank52. A. fixed B. limited C. massive D. modest 53. A. creative B. direct C. flexible D. sensible 54. A. afford B. preserve C. transfer D. undertake55. A. added B. maximum C. obviousD. social【参考答案】 41-45BDACA46-50CBADC51-55CDDAAEach stage of life has

42、 different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, a period of deep uncertainty and sensitivity, _41_and family are the top needs although we may not think of them in those terms. As teenagers, we are_42_the waters of adult life, preparing ourselves for the exciting unknown and a

43、s young adults, we search for a_43_. The drive to fulfill each stage is so strong that sometimes we have to hold the breath to_44_.At each stage, although everyone may_45_in dreams, we will all try to take hold of the means to achieve our particular dreams. Some will be driven with almost tunnel vis

44、ion, others take a(n) _46_attitude to getting there. Anyway, without dreams it is hard to direct life. If you are fortunate enough to achieve your current dreams, you can move forward for_47_desires and prepare yourself for a new conquest.For each period of life, the needs are decided by that stage,

45、 and as we grow older, whether we like it or not, we gain_48_, which, on the basis of former facts and information, permits us to see a broader view if we are wise enough to take on board what is there. As we mature, the sharpness of the_49_of youth, the black and white approach to life, will be tem

46、pered by what is possible, kind, just and fair. Ageing helps us to grow if we allow it. So often we_50_that process, holding on tightly to rooted beliefs which do not do us any favour, yet our needs change and in result we will_51_be different.Physically, even when we stay fit and able, the body cannot deliver in quite the same way as youth. This comes as a(n) _52_to most of us who start