第四大题阅读理解课件.ppt

1、首页首页末页末页英语英语第二部分第二部分 中考题型解读中考题型解读第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解题型突破题型突破 从近几年的广东中考考题来看，阅读理解题包括A、B、C三篇的短文、每篇短文生词率不超过3%。A篇阅读是应用文，一般以表格，图表或配有图片的短文出现，本篇短文的5个考题，基本上是属于文中细节题，都可以直接从文中找出答案，同学们在解答A篇阅读时，要认真、细心，找准句子，找准信息点。A篇阅读比较简单，要尽量不失分。B篇阅读是考查学生能力的短文，一般为记叙(说明)性的短文，其中有两小题有些难度，可能会涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(m

2、ain idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)，猜测词义等有关问题，在做题时需要仔细推敲，结合上下文，经过推理、筛选最终才能得出结论，选出正确的答案。C篇为配对阅读题，命题者给考生提供若干段简短的段落以及相应的标题，让学生把段落与标题进行配对，属于细节考查题，C篇的难度也不大，也要尽量不失分。首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解真题分析真题分析 (2014广东)阅读A、B两篇短文,并做每篇短文后的题目。从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页 What better way to welcome spr

3、ing than by helping to clean up the town we all live in!Here in Rockland we have a Spring Clean-up Day every year in April.The Clean-up Day 2014 will be April 20th.It will start with a town clean-up at 8 oclock in the morning,and a tree planting activity at the Rockland Park is to follow in the afte

4、rnoon.One thousand young trees are sure to make the park greener and prettier.We will divide the people coming to help into eight teams for eight different areas.As usual,we will provide gloves,rubbish bags and other cleaning tools.You will also get free lunches and T-shirts when the clean-up ends a

5、t noon.We are going to have a friendly competition to see which team can pick up the most rubbish.Bring your kids with you.It is a great chance to teach them to care for the environment around us.We have free drinks and chocolate candies for the children at the park.Meeting:At the gate of Rockland P

6、ark,the town hall at 330 Jones Street,or the corner of Palace Street and North Street.Sign-up(报名):Call 5862397 on weekdays,or visit our website below any time you like.首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()56.The Spring Clean-up Day in Rockland is held .A.once a month B.twice a month C.once a year D.tw

7、ice a year 【语篇解读】本文属于一个春天清洁日活动安排的海报，介绍了具体的清洁日的活动安排。【答案详解】56.C 细节理解题。第一段第二句有提到“Here in Rockland we have a Spring Clean-up Day every year in April.”可知是一年一次。()57.People in Rockland can help to on the afternoon of April 20th.A.clean up the town B.take care of the kids C.plant trees in the park D.paint t

8、he park greener 【答案详解】57.C 细节理解题。第二段第二句有提到“a tree planting activity at the Rockland Park is to follow in the afternoon”首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()58.People joining in the Clean-up Day will NOT .A.get lunches and T-shirts for free B.be provided with cleaning tools C.work in teams to do the cl

9、eaning D.take young trees home to plant 【答案详解】58.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的详细内容可知答案。()59.According to the poster,the activities are a great chance to teach the kids to _.A.protect the environment B.get free drinks and candies C.pick up the most rubbish D.do cleaning and plant trees【答案详解】59.A 细节理解题。由第四段第二句“It is

10、 a great chance to teach them to care for the environment around us.”可知答案。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()60.Which of the following is TRUE?A.You can call 5862397 to sign up any time you like.B.People can visit to sign up.C.The town hall is at the corner of Palace Street and North Street.D.People

11、 can meet for the activities only at the gate of Rockland Park.【答案详解】60.B 细节理解题。根据文中的 meeting和Sign-up的内容可知B是正确的，其余都错。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解B To us,it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains.But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against

12、the rain.Its first use was as a shade(遮蔽)against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it,but the umbrella was used in very ancient times.Probably the first to use it were the Chinese,back in the eleventh century BC.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade.And

13、there was a strange thing connected with its use:it became a symbol of honor and power(权力).In the Far East in ancient times,the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.In Europe,the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sun

14、shade.The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece,but it is believed that the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans.During the middle ages in Europe,the use of the umbrella almost disappeared.Then it appeared again in Italy in the late

15、 sixteenth century.And again it became a symbol of power.Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time,though they have become much lighter in weight.It wasnt until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理

16、解阅读理解()61.Ancient people first used umbrellas as .A.a symbol of honor B.protection against the sun C.a symbol of power D.protection against the rain 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了伞的发展历史以及用途的演变。【答案详解】61.B 细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句“Its first use was as a shade against the sun.”有说明。()62.According to the passage,the umbrella was

17、probably first used in ancient .A.Egypt B.Babylon C.Rome D.China【答案详解】62.D 细节理解题。文章第二段最后一句“Probably the first to use it were the Chinese,back in the eleventh century BC.”有说明。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()63.The underlined word royal might mean in Chinese.A.皇室的 B.富裕的 C.中产的 D.平民的【答案详解】63.A 词义猜测题。

18、根据“by royal people such as the kings or queens.”可推断出答案。()64.According to the passage,which of the following is NOT true?A.The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.B.Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages.C.The umbrellas for women were made colorful in ancient times

19、.D.The style of the umbrella hasnt changed a lot since it was invented.【答案详解】64.C 细节理解题。文章最后一段最后一句可知C错误。“It wasnt until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.”。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()65.This passage is mainly about .A.the sales of the

20、umbrella B.the differences among umbrellas C.the invention of the umbrella D.the history and the use of the umbrell【答案详解】65.D 主旨大意题。根据文章内容可推断出，文章主要是告诉我们伞在不同历史时期，不同国家的主要用途和发展变化。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解题型分析题型分析 从上面的真题可以看出广东中考阅读理解A、B篇主要考查的题型有细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题、推理推断题等。下面我们就重点讲讲这几种题型的解题技巧：题型一：细节理

21、解题 在阅读理解题目中，有相当一部分是考查细节和事实的题目。这类题目相对容易一些。广东中考阅读理解中细节题的比重一般至少占二分之一。细节题主要考查考生对文章中阐述主题的细节与具体事实的把握能力。内容涉及询问事实、原因、结果、目的等。这些题目有两个共同特点：(1)凡属针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式不同。(2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂，正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂，甚至真假混杂。因此，解答这类试题时，考生应快速阅读材料，抓住大意后，迅速浏览考题，确定关键词

22、。然后，根据这些关键词，运用查读法，迅速查找关键信息，进而分析这些信息的结构和意义，理清逻辑关系，最后确定正确答案。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 题型二：词义猜测题 猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。猜测词义的方法主要有：(1)根据文章中心或主题猜测词义。一般来说，要查找的生词都是与揭示文章主题有一定联系的，如果能够把握好文章的中心，往往有助于猜测出文章中的生词的含义。(2)利用构词法猜测词义。前缀通常改变原来词语的词义，而不改变原来词语的词性。后缀通常改变原来词语的词性

23、，但对词义的影响有时不明显，有时很明显。派生词的词义可依据“前缀变词义，后缀变词性”的原则来猜测词义。在阅读中，如果我们熟悉构成合成词的每个独立单词的词义，就可能猜出合成词的意思。例如：inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。in前缀是“不”的意思，因此可以猜知，此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 (3)根据上下文的同义或对比关系来理解词义。同位关系是指文章中与之相关的同义词，同位语、定语(从句)等，如果能够借助它们的解释或定义，则很容易猜测出词义来。根据同义关系猜测词义，关键是要了解显示同义关系的线

24、索。换句话说，破折号、逗号等标点符号，以及or，and，in other words，thats to say，namely等词或短语就是这种线索。定语从句主要起修饰限制或补充说明先行词内容或性质的作用。因此，我们可以根据定语从句的内容推测出先行词的词义。对比关系是指上下文中的一些连词经常被用来表示转折关系，如果能够抓住说明事物的这种比较和对照的方法，就会给人“柳暗花明又一村”的感觉。常见的表示转折关系的词有but，however，instead，yet等。上文中的某些词或句子往往会为下文的生词埋下伏笔或作出暗示。上文中的某些词或句子往往会在下文有回应的地方。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第

25、四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 (4)根据上下文的因果关系或顺承关系猜测词义。有什么样的原因就会产生什么样的结果，因果关系是文章中一种普遍的语言表达关系。在这种关系中如果知道了原因，结果也就知道了；反之，如果知道了结果，原因也就不难发现。(5)根据生活经验或常识猜测词义。已有的生活经验和常识，往往会给阅读后的理解提供有力的支持。借助于已有的，推测陌生的，这就上升到了能力的提高，使生词的破解成为了可能。当然，有些词的确切含义还须综合应用几种方法才能正确猜出。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 题型三：主旨大意题 主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层

26、理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或题目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。主旨大意题的测试内容主要侧重“概括文章大意”和“确定文章的最佳标题”。常见设问形式的题干主要有：首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 A.标题类 1)The best title/headline for this passage might be .2)The text(passage)co

27、uld be entitled .3)What is the best title for the passage?4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?B.大意类 1)This passage chiefly deals with 2)Whats the topic of the article?3)What is the subject discussed in the text?4)With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?首页首页

28、末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 做这类主旨大意题时常用的方法是“略读法”。快速阅读文章找出各个段落的主题句。把各个段落的主题句联系起来，着眼于全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。文章的标题是中心思想最精炼的表达形式，选择的标题意义范围要能涵盖全文，不能太大也不能太小。命题者在出这类题时，常常利用生活常识编造干扰项，把文中的细节当主旨，利用局部信息编造干扰项，编制超出文章范围的标题或不能涵盖文章中心意义的标题来考查考生的理解程度，考生要特别留意。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 (1)标题类阅读理解题的解题技巧 标题是

29、段落中心思想最精炼的表达形式。在阅读中不仅要求考生能够通过自己已知的信息概括出段落的中心思想，而且还要对概括出的中心思想加以提炼，拟定出段落的标题。在测试中能够迅速而准确地选择标题。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解 (2)大意类阅读理解题的解题技巧 主旨大意类阅读理解题的一般范围是：基本

30、论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度的概括或总结，属于高层次题。解答该题型最关键的是找出主题句，把握文章主旨。主题句多在文章的开头或结尾，有的出现在中间。概括大意一般是先看首尾或各段开头，再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文中寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时，要注意一些转折词，如but，yet，however，although，in spite

31、of等。当文章中表示相反的观点时，往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点，排除迷惑性信息，准确归纳主旨大意。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解题型四：推理判断题 中考英语阅读理解题中那些要求通过词、句、段，或通过计算去判断其他含义的题目属于推理判断题。推理判断题的考查每年都在中考英语阅读理解题中占有一定的比例。判断推理的题目中常含有suggest，mean，learn，know，purpose等动词，或含有表示推测的情态动词can，could，might，would以及表示推断的副词probably，most likely等。判断推理题的干扰选项有以下设置

32、特点：1将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项；2将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。解答这类问题，头脑应当清楚：问题是要求把正确的选项圈出，还是要求把错误的选项圈出。有的考生不看清问题，就去选择选项，想当然地把正确的，符合文章事实的一项圈出，而问题明明问的是Which of the following is not true(mentioned)，结果误选。推理判断题的四个选项的设计一般有三种情况：首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解推理判断题的四个选项的设计一般有三种情况：四个选项中的信息集中在一两个句子里。这种是非题比较容易做。只要找到相

33、关句，细细读一下就不难选定正确答案。四个选项中的信息集中在一段里。这样查读的范围要大一些，但还是比较容易的。验证一个，排除一个，答案就出来了。四个选项中的信息分散在全文。这种是非题就比较难做，因为要花较多的时间去找各个相关句，一一去查证。一般说来，应首先把四个选项都看一遍，根据第一遍读的印象和基本常识，尽可能先排除掉一两个，以减少查的选项。实在排除不了，需要到文章中去一一查证的，次序也应从易到难，即从印象最深的，相关句最易找的，最容易证实的那个选项开始查。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解推理计算题：计算题也是推理判断题中常见的形式，此类试题要经过具体的计算才能

34、够得出正确的答案。具体的计算题可以是对年代的计算、月份的计算或比例的计算等。文章中经常会出现许多数字，它们对解题产生一定的影响。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解C（配对阅读）（配对阅读）左栏是五则寻找宠物的启事，右栏是七则宠物招领的启事。请根据左右两栏的信息帮助宠物的主人找到丢失的宠物，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()66.Animal LOST 5/23/2014 A black cat,old an

35、d thin.Hes about 14 years old.Our children have grown up with him and he is part of our family.If you see him,please call us right away.Posted by:Debbie 6424111 ()67.Animal LOST 6/5/2014 Medium short haired,all black,about two years old,ears standing up,a very sweet dog.Posted by:Kori 3480542 A.I fo

36、und a cat in my backyard around NW Street on May 11th,2014.Its a small cat with white hairs and big green eyes.Please call Paul Smith at 9503341.B.A wounded dog was found at the corner of my house at Millplain on April 30th,2014.She has white front legs and big ears.Please call me at 9108846.首页首页末页末

37、页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解()68.Animal LOST 5/4/2014 A dog,3 months old.She is brown with white hairs on her chest.Her eyes are greenish colored.Her nose is pink.Posted by:Se nia 3405442 ()69.Animal LOST 4/30/2014 1/2 years old.She has big ears and white chest with white front legs.She is a small dog

38、 and weighs about 6 pounds.One of her front legs got hurt,so she walks with difficulties.C.A white dog was found in our yard playing with our dog on March 23rd,2014.She is a lovely big dog.There seems something wrong with one of her legs.Adamson at 8024156.D.Our kids found a cat close to our house a

39、t SW Alexander Street.Its a black cat.It is old and thin.Please call Gordon at 7768585.首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解Posted by:Jennifer Tomlinson 3607734 ()70.Animal LOST 5/11/2014 Our pet is a small,medium white haired,4-year-old cat.She has two big eyes and they are bright green.Posted by:Laure

40、n 2407131 E.A cat was found in my garden on April 30th,2014.Its old and thin.Please call Jeff at 8034477.F.A baby dog was found around Kauffman Street.Its about 35 months old.She has green eyes and a pink nose.Please call Morrie at 9019968.G.I found a dog at Molalla Area on June 5th,2014.Its a small

41、 black dog,about 2 years old.Please call Larry at 7058864.首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解解析：这是一道信息匹配题。此种题型主要考查学生对文章的理解能力和信息匹配能力。常见的种类有：1.人名观点配对；2.地名描述配对；3.句子句子配对；4.分类题；5.段落标题配对；6.段落细节配对。同学们在平时的练习中可以参考以下步骤进行解题：1.认真阅读背景介绍,了解话题或主题。2.仔细阅读题目,找出不同人物的不同要求,并在关键词下画线,以便为后面的顺利解题创造良好的条件。3.快速浏览7个答案部分,迅速抓住每个答案的

42、要点。浏览过程中若发现答题所需的具体信息,在词语或句子下面画线并标上所答的题号,以初步敲定。对那些暂时无法肯定的可暂且放置一边,留待第二次阅读时解决。首页首页末页末页首页首页末页末页第四大题第四大题 阅读理解阅读理解【答案与解析】66.D 文中的“A black cat,old and thin.”和D项中的“Its a black cat.lts old and thin.”匹配。67.G 文中的“all black,about two years old”和G项中的“Its a small black dog,about 2 years old.”匹配。68.F 文中的“Her eyes are greenish colored.Her nose is pink.”和F项中的“She has green eyes and a pink nose.”匹配。69.B 文中的“She has big ears and white chest with white front legs.”和B项中的“She has white front legs and big ears.”匹配。70.A 整个段落和A项的“Its a small cat with white hairs and big green eyes.”匹配。首页首页末页末页英语英语首页首页末页末页