Unit 5 Discovering Useful Structures语法-情态动词和过去将来时ppt课件-2020-2021学年高一下学期英语新人教版（新教材）必修第三册 -(1).pptx

1、Unit 5 The Value of MoneyExpress modality and talk about future events in the pastParis 2022.6.6一To learn about the different functions of modal verbs.二To be able to talk about future events in the past using“would do”and“was/were going to do”.Lead-inListen to the song and pay attention to modal ver

2、bs in the lyrics:l I just want to be with you l I want to be with youl Cant you hear me?l I need you near mel I want to be with youl I need you near me,my lovel There are things that must be donel That are not yet begunl Things that I must dol When I want to be with youl Although were far apartl You

3、re with me in my heartl No one else will doWhat modal verbs are?What modal verbs are?are verbs used to express modality.Review of modal verbs一一情态动词的特征情态动词的特征情态动词有一定的意义，表示或暗示某种情绪或态度，表示可能、建议、愿望、必要、允许、能力等。大多数情态动词有多个意义。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，即不随主语的不同而变化。情态动词不能独立使用，须后接动词原形，一起构成谓语动词。情态动词除ought和have外，后面接不带to的不定式。(d

4、are)情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式、分词等形式。Review of modal verbs二二.情态动词的分类情态动词的分类只作情态动词的：可情态可实义的：可情态可助动词的:相当于情态动词的:can/could,may/might,ought to,mustneed,dareshall/should,will/wouldhave to,used toReview of modal verbs 三三.情态动词的功能情态动词的功能 Modal verbs have many functions as follows:A.necessityB.possibilityC.obligation

5、 D.request E.advice F.intention需要 可能 职责/义务要求 建议 意图You have to read between the lines because the real messages are often hiddenIt may seem lucky to you.Astronauts must wear spacesuits when they work in space because May we ask what youre doing in this country?You should/ought to/had better go to cla

6、ss right away.What would you do if you were in her situation?necessity 表必表必要性要性possibility 表表可可能和推测能和推测obligation 表义务性表义务性request 表请求或指示表请求或指示advice 表建议表建议intention 表意图和愿望表意图和愿望A.necessity B.possibility C.obligation D.request E.advice F.intention Find modal verbs and discuss their functions.四四.情态动词的

7、用法情态动词的用法1.can/couldcan/could 表推测,只能用在否定句或疑问句中，且此时could可能性比can小。Eg：Its so late.Can Tom be reading?She couldnt be telling lies.*对过去发生的行为进行推测时，常用can/could have done的否定或疑问形式。Eg:The door was locked.She couldnt have been at home.can/could 表能力，can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。Eg：I can read this chinese article.She

8、 could play the piano at the age of five.*can表示能力时，还可以用be able to代替。be able to后接动词原形，可用于大多数时态。Eg：I will be able to speak French in another few months.can/could 表许可时，could语气更委婉。Eg：Can(Could)I come in?Could(Can)I borrow your pen?ExerciseExercise一.选词填空 can,could,be able to（1）My grandma is well over eig

9、hty,but she _ read without glasses.（2）Being a wise person,he finally _ find the place.（3）The cheater said that he_ turn stone into gold.二.单句翻译我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？_是的,可以。/不,恐怕不行。_can was able to couldCan/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning？Yes,you can./No,Im afraid not.2.must&have to must表示必须,没有时态变化。强调的

10、是一种主观看法,也表责任或义务。have to表示“必须,不得不”,是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须,不得不”做某事。mustnt表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式表示“不必”。have to可用于多种时态中。*（2019 全国卷）I work not because I have to,but because I want to.*（2019 全国卷）You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.【高频易错】回答must引出的疑问句时.如果是否定的回答,不能用 mustnt,而要用 need not 或 don

11、t have to。*Must we hand in our exercise books now？我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？Yes,you must.（No,you neednt./No,you dont have to.）是的,必须。（不,不必。）2.must&have to must表示猜测。意为“想必,准是,一定”,只用于肯定句。*The book must be the one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。*Shes wearing a diamond necklace.She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链,她一定很有钱。must还

12、可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。*Why must it rain on Sunday？为什么偏要在星期天下雨？ExerciseExercisehas tomustmustneednt/don t have to一.单句填空（1）My sister is ill；my mother_ look after her.（2）Theres a lot of noise from next door.They _be having a party.（3）Must I return all the books in three days？Yes,you_.（No,you_.）（4）If y

13、ou _ go,at least wait until the storm is over.must 3.may&might 表示请求或允许,might可以指过去时间,也可指现在时间,语气更委婉。对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can,但作否定回答时要用mustnt或cant。*You may come if you wish.如果你想来,你就来。*May（Might）I ask for a photo of your baby？我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？*May I smoke here？No,you mustnt.Youd better not.表示可能。可以指过去时间,也可以

14、指现在时间,但语气不肯定。*（2019 全国卷 I）The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.*She may not know about it.may用于表祝愿的句子中，而might不行。*May you succeed in the coming year.愿你在来年取得成功。ExerciseExercisemightMay一.单句填空（1）Are you going to her party？Im not sure.I _ stay home and help my brother with his homework.（2）_ yo

15、u have a happy weekend.（3）_I have a little brandy?No,you _.Youd better not.Might/Maymustnt4.will&would表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去,用于否定句表示“不肯,不乐意”。*I will never do that again.我决不会再做那种事了。表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中,will和would均可用,would此时不表示过去,而是表示委婉语气。*Will/Would you pass me the book？请你把书递给我好吗？will和would可分别表

16、示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向,意为“总是；常常”。*When my parents were away,my grandmother would take care of me.我父母外出的时候,总是祖母照看我。*（2019 江苏高考）I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at the welcome ceremony.我很乐意在欢迎仪式上穿中国传统服装。will&would表示推测,含义为“可能”。Ask him,he will/would know.would VS used to1.used to可指过去的状态或

17、情况，would则不能。2.would表示“总是，总要”，过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。如果某一动作没有反复性，就不能用 would，只能用 used to。3.used to表示“过去常常”现在已没有这种习惯，would则表示有可能再发生。used to 可与状态动词连用,would不可以。e.g.He used to be a quiet boy.()He would be a quiet boy.()People _believe that the earth was flat.He _go to the park as soon as he was free.used towould在

18、第一、三人称的疑问句中,shall用来询问对方的意愿。*Shall we begin our lesson?用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,shall表说话人命令、警告、允诺等口吻。*He shall have the book when I finish reading.should表示劝告、建议、命令，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers.should表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感,意为“居然,竟然”。*Amazing!You should wear slippers at work.5.shall&should should,oug

19、ht to,had better 分别应该怎么用？ought to表示“应该做某事”，可以代替should，注意不要遗漏to，其否定形式是ought not to。在疑问句中，不用ought to，用should。ought to have done表示“本应该做某事却没做”。ought not to have done表示“本不应该做某事却做了”。had better常用缩写形式 d better，表示“最好做某事，否则可能有不好的后果”。had better的否定形式为had better not。had better只用来表示某一具体的情况，不用来泛指，而should可用于表示提出看法或

20、建议的所有情况。比较以下两个句子：You should finish everything today.Youd better finish everything today.建议警告，威胁ExerciseExercise一.单句填空(1)You_go to class right away.(2)Why_you be so late today?(3)_the boy come at once?二.选词填空 shall,should,ought to,had better(1)We _help the aged.(2)What_we do this evening?(3)You_have p

21、assed this exam.(4)We _go before it rains.Shallshouldshallought tohad better shouldshould用作情态动词,need意为“需要,有必要”,一般用于否定句或疑问句中。疑问句中把need提前,否定形式是在need后加not。*You neednt come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。用作实意动词,意为“需要,有必要”,可以用于各种句式中。*You dont need to go now.你不必现在就走。*I need to have a rest.我需要休息一下。*Do we nee

22、d to finish all the work today？我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？及时演练（1）Must I stay here？No,you_.（2）You_ not be told twice about one single thing.6.need needntneeddare作情态动词时,常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,过去式形式为dared。*How dare you say Im unfair？*He darent speak English before such a crowd,dare he？*If we dared not go there that day,

23、we couldnt get the beautiful flowers.dare作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。*I dare to swim across this river.*He doesnt dare（to）answer.及时演练（1）How_ you fight against him？（2）No one_ say he had nothing on.7.dare daredares一、一般现在时一、一般现在时1.概念：概念：表示现阶段经常发生的动作或现在的某种状况，

24、也表示客观事实、客观规律或客观真理。主语是第一，二人称时，谓语动词要用原形，主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。2.常见时间状语标志常见时间状语标志：always,often,sometimes,usually,every day,on Sundays,once a day/week/month等。例如：I do some exercise every day.我每天做一些锻炼。She knows French and German besides English.除英语外，她还懂法语和德语。The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。do,does二、一般

25、将来时二、一般将来时 1.概念：表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，以及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.常见时间状语标志：tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,next day/week/month/year,this week/month/year,soon,in+时间状语(如in one hour/in a few minutes等)，in the future,in future等。例如：Ill take you there tomorrow.我明天带你去那儿。Next month we will have our school open day.下个月我们将迎来学校开

26、放日。The Talent Show is coming in two weeks time.新秀选拔演出还有两周时间就要到了。will do;be going to dobe to do;be about to do三、一般过去时三、一般过去时 1.概念：表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。谓语动词要用过去时。2.常见时间状语标志：yesterday,the day before yesterday,last night/week/month,时间词+ago(如three days ago),in/on+过去的时间词(如in 2010),just no

27、w,at that time,in those days,one day,once upon a time等。例如：Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike.两年前，她买了一辆昂贵的山地自行车。Last year,however,nearly twenty billion tons of rice was produced.然而，去年的稻谷产量接近200亿吨。did四、现在进行时四、现在进行时 1.概念：表示现在正在进行的动作，或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由“am/is/are+现在分词”构成。2.常见时间状语标志：now,a

28、t this time,at this moment,at present等。例如：Now she is planning our schedule for the trip.现在她正在为旅行制定时间表。Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.当今在中国学习英语的人数正在迅速增长。注意：不用进行时的动词：表示感官的动词：如see(看见)，hear(听见)，feel(感觉出)，taste(尝出)，smell(闻到)，notice(注意到)，observe(观察到)等。表示某种情感或精神状

29、态的动词：如believe,doubt,feel(=have an opinion),hate,image,know,(dis)like,love,prefer,realize,appreciate,recognize,remember,see(=understand),suppose,think(=have an opinion),understand,want,wish等。一些用于交际和应答的动词：如agree,appear,astonish,deny,disagree,impress,look(=seem),mean,please,promise,satisfy,seem,surpris

30、e等。表示所属、类似、构成等关系的动词和系动词，如：be,belong,concern,consist,contain,depend,deserve,fit,include,involve,lack,matter,measure(=have length etc.),need,owe,own,possess,weigh(=have weight)。am/is/are doing五、过去进行时五、过去进行时 1.概念：表示过去某时刻正在进行的动作，或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作，过去进行时由“was/were+现在分词”构成。2.常见时间状语标志：(just)then,at that time,

31、yesterday afternoon,the whole morning,all day yesterday,from 9 to 10 last evening/night,those days等。例如：May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday?请问你昨天到我的餐馆里来干什么？It was a cold day and his jacket was lying on the back of a chair.天很冷，他的夹克衫搭在椅背上。3.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别：过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，强调动作的连续

32、性；而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。was/were doing六、现在完成时六、现在完成时 1.概念：1)表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在。常见时间状语标志：already,yet,just,ever,recently,so far,up to/till now等。2)表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去。常见时间状语标志：for+时间段,since+时间点/过去时从句,ever since等。3)表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经历。常见时间状语标志：twice,ever,never,three times,before等。2.基本结构：h

33、ave/has+动词的过去分词。3.注意：非延续性动词不能用“现在完成时+表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这些动词有：come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,join,borrow,stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的非延续性性动词。如：arrive,come be here,be in。buy have 。begin,start be on 4.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时和一般过去时都表示过去发生的动作。差别在于：现在完成时强调的是动作与现在的关系，即对现在的影响或动作延续到现在；而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某时发生，不表

34、示和现在有关系。因此，句中有过去时间状语时，一般用一般过去时。试比较：I have lost my new bike.我把新自行车丢了。(现在还未找到)I lost my new bike yesterday.我昨天把新自行车丢了。(现在找到与否不清楚)He worked there for three years.他在那里工作了 3 年。(现在已不在那里工作)He has worked there for three years.他在那里工作已 3 年了。(现在仍在那里工作)5.注意:have/has gone to,have/has been to 和have/has been in的区别

35、：have/has gone to 表示人在去某地的路上或在某地，还未回来；have/has been to 表示人曾经去某地，并且人已经回来了；have/has been in 表示人已经在某地，常与一段时间连用。has/have done七、过去完成时七、过去完成时 1.概念：表示以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.常见时间状语标志：before,by the end of last term/week/month/year 等。例如：Most of the guests had left when he arrived at t

36、he party.当他到达晚会现场时，大多数客人已经离开了。By the 1990s the number had fallen to about 50,000.截止到20世纪90年代，(藏羚羊的)数量下降到了大约5万只。Before he volunteered to direct the traffic,Timoteo had had lots of jobs.铁穆特欧在志愿指挥交通之前做过很多工作。had doneThe Past Future Tense(过去将来时)01过去将来时表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。02过去将来时常用在主句谓语动词为过去时态的宾语从句中

37、。03过去将来时句子中有时包含时间状语 the next day，the following week，soon等。The Past Future Tense结构1.would+动词原形2.was/were going to+动词原形3.was/were about to do4.go,come,leave,start,meet等动词的过去进行时，表示就过去的某一时刻而言即将发生的动作。5.was/were to doThe Past Future Tense1.would do表达将发生的动作。例如：He wouldnt leave the next Friday.2.was/were go

38、ing to do表达准备、计划、将要做某事，它所表达可能发生也可能不发生的动作。例如：The students were going to play table tennis that afternoon.那天下午学生们要打乒乓球。3.was/were about to do表达马上发生的动作，它不可与明确时间状语连用。其常用句式是was/were about to do when+从句。例如：The meeting was about to be held at once.这个会议马上举行。4.go,come,return,leave,start,finish等动词的过去进行时态表达过去将

39、要发生的动作。例如：They said they were leaving for Paris soon.他们说不久他们将离开去巴黎。5.was/were to do表达曾经计划做某事。例如：She said she was to buy a flat in Shanghai.她说过要在上海买一套房子。Both“would do”and“was/were going to do”can be talk about future events or intentions in the past.Complete the following sentences that describe the

40、future in the past.1.Philip bought two tickets for The Phadom of the Opera.He _(watch)this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.2.I was so surprised at the news that David _ _(play)the role of the dinosaur in the play that I gave him a hug out of joy.would watch/was going to watchwould play/wa

41、s going to play3.Lily decided that she _(settle)in New York and pursue her dream of becoming an actress.4.Hey,Timmy.I _(call)you.But now that you are here,I dont have to.5.The competition was so close that no one was sure who _(win)the Best Actor award.6.Jim is not here right now.He said he _(be)on

42、duty at the library this afternoon.would settle/was going to settlewas going to callwould winwould be/was going to be Can&could请求、许可 推测能力May&might请求、许可 推测祝愿（may）Will&would请求推测意愿、决心习惯性动作must推测必要性偏偏、偏要Should推测责任、建议竟然shall请求法规、规章制度允诺、警告、决心Summarymust would should could might cant100%80%60-70%55%40%0%Finish the exercises about the modal verbs and the past future tense.