Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures ppt课件-(2022)高中英语新人教版（新教材）必修第三册.pptx

1、Unit4 Space Exploration 动词不定式作定语、状语动词不定式作定语、状语 Look at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.In pairs,discuss their functions and meanings.Lead-inSome scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.做后置定语，修饰dreamOn 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin b

2、ecame the first person in the world to go into space.做后置定语，修饰the first personLook at the following sentences and focus on the italicised infinitives.In pairs,discuss their functions and meanings.Lead-inI trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.As we all know,an astronaut needs to

3、 be healthy and calm in order to work in space.目的目的First of all,you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.结果Infinitives不定式作定语、状语一、不定式的功能：l 1.不定式的基本结构：_l 2.分析上面的句子，我们知道动词不定式不仅可以用来表_，还可以用来作_，表_。to+do原形目的定语修饰Infinitives不定式作定语、状语二、不定式的定义：l 不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能

4、独立作谓语。l 但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。Infinitives不定式作定语、状语三、不定式的意义：，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。不定式的时态和语态主动语态被动语态意义一般时表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后完成时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前进行时表示谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行完成进行时表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行to doto be doneto have doneto have been doneto be doin

5、gto have been doing只能用动词不定式做定语的情况一.当修饰的名词是ability,ambition,attempt,chance,courage,desire,decision,effort,failure,moment,promise,right,time,wish（一些表示企图、努力、愿望、打算、能力等意义的名词）例：Please make an effort to catch the bus.He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.只能用动词不定式做定语的情况二.当修饰的名词前有the only,the next,

6、the best,the first,the last,以及由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常用不定式作定语。例：He was the first one to think of the idea.You are the only person to be late.The manager is the last to come to the meeting.只能用动词不定式做定语的情况三.当修饰的词为something,nothing,anything等不定代词时。例：Do you have anything to say?There is nothing to worry about.I

7、 want to get something to drink.四.当定语表示未来的还没做的动作时。例：The letter to be written is to my father.The matter to be discussed is important.特别提醒作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。1.The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.2.Here is some paper for you to write on.(1)The airport _

8、(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2)Do you have anything _(do)tonight?(3)The best way _(improve)your English is to join an English club.(4)Id like to have a few books_during the trip.(5)China is the third country in the world_(send)men into space.(6)Mary had great determina

9、tion _(achieve)her goal.(7)The German girl has the ability _(learn)Chinese well.(8)I have something important _(tell)you.(9)Lets find a clean room to put our luggage .to be completedto doto improveto readto sendto achieveto learnto tellin动词不定式做状语的作用动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。1在句中,不定式可作目的状语、结果

10、状语、原因状语、方式状语等。2不定式作目的状语置于句首或句末，为加强语气，常与in order或so as组成短语。1.A group of young people gathered together to discuss this question.一群年轻人聚集讨论这个问题。2.I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.我安静地走路，以免打扰婴儿。不定式作目的状语时，其动作通常迟于谓语动词的动作。例：I said that to encourage him.break into不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，通常放在句末。多见于“

11、too.to（太.以不能）”；“enough to.”；“only to do”（常表示出乎意料的结果）；“so/such.as to（如此.以至于）句型中。1.She is so proud as to look down upon others.2.He went back home,only to find his house had been broken into.break into 强行进入;闯入so+adj./adv.as to.such+n.as to.特别提醒01Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and trie

12、d it on,only to find it didnt fit.她焦急地从包裹里拿出衣服试穿，结果发现衣服不合身。02His father passed away,leaving him a little money.他父亲去世了，留给他一点钱。动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的，必然造成的结果。break into不定式作原因状语多用于“sb.+be+adj./done+to do”句型中。例句：1.We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition

13、.2.She was disappointed to hear the news.break into不定式作方式状语主要用于as if to do sth结构。例：1.He opened his mouth as if to say something.2.She lifts his hand as if to lead him somewhere.(1)_himself heard,he raised his voice.(2)She had no option but _（辞掉）her job in order to take care of her child.(3)She got u

14、p earlier the next day so as to catch the first bus.(4)As we all know,few live _a hundred.我们都知道，活到百岁的人不多。我们都知道，活到百岁的人不多。(5)The morning air is so good _ that he gets up early every day.早上的空气呼吸早上的空气呼吸起来起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。(6)He is too young_to school.他太小了，不能上学。To make目的to quit目的目的to be结果to

15、 go结果to breath原因PracticeRewrite the sentences using infinitives or“in order to/so as to+do”.Change the italicised parts accordingly.Examples:1.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person who got married in space.In 2003 Yuri Malenchenko became the first person to get married in space.In space,a

16、stronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle for later use.2.In space,astronauts collect all dirty water so that it can be recycled for later use.3.Mankind has always been curious about the universe and many people have dreamt that one day they would fly into space._.Mankind has always been cu

17、rious about the universe and many people have dreamt to fly into space one day4.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity,so they need to exercise everyday,which will help them stay healthy._.Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the

18、lack of gravity,so they need to exercise every day to/in order to/so as to stay healthy_._.5.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.6.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly so that they can keep their bodies

19、 under control.During a spacewalk,astronauts have to move slowly to/in order to/so as to keep their bodies under controlAstronants have to use tape to stick everythingdown while working in space to/in order to/so as to keep everything from floating offComplete the passage with the correct forms of t

20、he verbs in brackets.Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal_(achieve).One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time.For example,_(use)current technology,it would take over two years _(get)to the closest planet,Mars,and back.Although lig

21、ht is the fastest thing_(know)in the universe,it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists to achieveusingto getknownComplete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.figure out a way _(store)sufficient food and water for the long journey?Is

22、it possible to travel faster than light?No one knows the answers yet.However,space scientists never give up.They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as _(help)astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.to storeto help3.他总是第一个到办公室，最后一个离开。He is always _ and the last one t

23、o leave the office.4.有足够的食物供客人享用。There is enough food for the guests _.Try to complete the sentences with infinitives as the attribute and the adverbial.Practice1.要正确地画地图，你需要一支特制的笔。_,you need a speicial pen.2.他来晚了，发现其他人都回家了。He arrived late _.To draw maps correctly to enjoythe first one to arrive atto find the others had gone home