Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 动词不定式ppt课件-(2022)高中英语新人教版（新教材）必修第三册(1).pptx

1、非谓语动词非谓语动词-动词不定式动词不定式主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语补语补语定语定语 状语状语V-V-过去分词过去分词V-ing V-ing 形式形式现在现在分词分词动名动名词词V-V-不定式不定式1.We determine to win the game.2.I find it impossible to change her idea.3.Did you see him enter the house?4.Parents dont allow us to stay out late.5.She has realised her dream to become a doctor.6.To

2、 catch the early bus,I got up early this morning.7.To do morning exercises is useful for our health.8.His dream is to be a doctor.主语主语 宾语宾语 表语表语补语补语定语定语 状语状语V-V-过去分词过去分词V-ing V-ing 形式形式现在现在分词分词动名动名词词V-V-不定式不定式三种非谓语动词作定语（意义）三种非谓语动词作定语（意义）The children _(practise)playing the violin over The children _(

3、practise)playing the violin over there will give a performance next week.there will give a performance next week.正在那里练习小提琴的孩子们将会在下周表演。正在那里练习小提琴的孩子们将会在下周表演。China is a _(develop)country.China is a _(develop)country.Japan is a _(develop)country.Japan is a _(develop)country.He was reading a novel _(writ

4、e)by Charles.He was reading a novel _(write)by Charles.We have much homework_(do)tonight.We have much homework_(do)tonight.今晚我们有很多作业要做。今晚我们有很多作业要做。1.1.名词前有名词前有序数词序数词，最高级最高级，the only/any/no/allthe only/any/no/all等限定词等限定词时，时，只能用动词不定式只能用动词不定式。*She was the first woman_(win)the gold She was the first wom

5、an_(win)the gold medal in the Olympic Games.medal in the Olympic Games.她是第一个在奥运会她是第一个在奥运会中赢得金牌的女性。中赢得金牌的女性。2.2.被修饰名词为被修饰名词为attempt,ability,chance,attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,waydesire,determination,decision,plan,way等为等为抽象名词抽象名词或或不定代词不定代词something,nothingsomething,nothin

6、g时，后面常时，后面常用不定式作后置定语。用不定式作后置定语。*But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire But Janis Adkins has the ability and desire _(do)useful work._(do)useful work.但是詹尼斯但是詹尼斯阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。阿德金斯有能力和愿望去做有用的工作。【即学活用】语法填空【即学活用】语法填空(1)The airport _(complete)next year will help promote tourism in this area.(2)Do

7、 you have anything _(do)tonight?(3)The best way _(improve)your English is to join an English club.to be completedto doto improve1.A group of young people got together 1.A group of young people got together to to discuss this question.discuss this question.一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。2.He hurried

8、 home only2.He hurried home only to find his money stolen.to find his money stolen.3.All of us surprised 3.All of us surprised to have been invited to to have been invited to the party.the party.1.1.作目的状语，置于句首时只用作目的状语，置于句首时只用to do/in order to do/in order to doto do。如用于表示否定用。如用于表示否定用 in order not to

9、do in order not to do 或或 so as not to doso as not to do形式。形式。*I walked quietly so as not to disturb the I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.baby.我安静地走路我安静地走路,以免打扰婴儿。以免打扰婴儿。2.2.结果状语结果状语,多见于多见于“too.to”;“enough too.to”;“enough to.”;only to do(to.”;only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发表示意料之外的结果的发生生);so/such

10、.as to();so/such.as to(意为意为“如此如此以至以至于于”)”)结构句中。结构句中。Im too tired to do well.Im too tired to do well.我太累了做不好。我太累了做不好。He is old enough to go to school.He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的他到上学的年龄了。年龄了。3.3.作原因状语作原因状语,多见于多见于“sb.+be+sb.+be+adj.adj.（happyhappy，glad/zmazed/sad/proudglad/zmazed/sad/proud）+

11、to do.”+to do.”结构句中。结构句中。*I was very sad to hear the news.I was very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息我很难过。听到这个消息我很难过。【即学活用】语法填空【即学活用】语法填空(1)_(work out)the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.(2)“You cant catch me.”Jane shouted,_(run)away.(3)_(take)to hospital in time,

12、the wounded soldiers were saved at last.To work outrunningTaken【名师点津】现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别【名师点津】现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别(1)(1)动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的动词不定式作结果状语强调的是一种意想不到的结果。结果。*Anxiously,she took the dress out of the Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it package and tried

13、it on,only to find it didnt fit.didnt fit.(2)(2)现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的现在分词作结果状语强调的是一种顺承的,必然必然造成的结果。造成的结果。*His father passed away,leaving him a little His father passed away,leaving him a little money.money.(3)He hurried to the station only _(find)the(3)He hurried to the station only _(find)the train had

14、 left.train had left.世纪金榜导学号世纪金榜导学号(4)(2018(4)(2018全国卷全国卷)We travel on Day 2 to northern)We travel on Day 2 to northern France _(visit)the World War France _(visit)the World War battlefields.battlefields.(5)(2018(5)(2018全国卷全国卷)When the gorillas and I)When the gorillas and I frightened frightened eac

15、h other,I was just glad _(find)them each other,I was just glad _(find)them alive.alive.to findto findto visitto visitto findto find(6)(2018(6)(2018全国卷全国卷)Join us _(taste)a)Join us _(taste)a variety ofvariety of fresh local food and drinks.fresh local food and drinks.to tasteto taste【知识延伸】【知识延伸】动词不定式

16、作主语动词不定式作主语,表语和宾语表语和宾语1.1.不定式作主语不定式作主语,表示具体的某次动作。若不定式表示具体的某次动作。若不定式结构比较复杂结构比较复杂,常用常用it it 作形式主语作形式主语,真正的主语放真正的主语放在句子的后面。在句子的后面。*To do morning exercises is useful for our To do morning exercises is useful for our health.health.做早操对我们的健康有益。做早操对我们的健康有益。*Its important for us to learn English well.Its im

17、portant for us to learn English well.学好英语对我们来说很重要。学好英语对我们来说很重要。2.2.不定式作表语不定式作表语,表示将来的情况表示将来的情况,说明主语的内说明主语的内容。其主语常常是容。其主语常常是wish,idea,task,purpose,wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,jobduty,job等表示意向、打算、计划的词。等表示意向、打算、计划的词。*His dream is to be a doctor.His dream is to be a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。他的梦想是成为一名医生。*My wo

18、rk is to clean the room every day.My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作是每天打扫房间。我的工作是每天打扫房间。3.3.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语,常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾常跟在某些动词后。不定式作宾语的动词的记忆口诀语的动词的记忆口诀:决心学会选计划决心学会选计划,拒绝答应想假装拒绝答应想假装;主动设法愿希望主动设法愿希望,同意请求帮一帮同意请求帮一帮;准备威胁易声称准备威胁易声称,渴望申请败踌躇。渴望申请败踌躇。其对应的动词分别为其对应的动词分别为:decide/determine,learn,:decid

19、e/determine,learn,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,choose,plan,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,pretend,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,agree,ask/beg,help,prepare,threaten,tend,claim,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitateclaim,d

20、esire/long,apply,fail,hesitate。4.4.若不定式结构比较复杂若不定式结构比较复杂,通常用通常用 it it 作形式宾语作形式宾语,真正的宾语放在句子的后面真正的宾语放在句子的后面,该用法常见的动词有该用法常见的动词有think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,think,find,make,believe,consider,suppose,feelfeel等。等。*He cant afford to buy the expensive car.He cant afford to buy the expensive car.他买

21、不起那辆昂贵的汽车。他买不起那辆昂贵的汽车。*I think it useful to learn a foreign language.I think it useful to learn a foreign language.我认为学习一门外语是有用的。我认为学习一门外语是有用的。*I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong.I feel it my duty to say that you are wrong.我觉得我有责任说你错了。我觉得我有责任说你错了。【补偿训练】单句语法填空【补偿训练】单句语法填空(1)She had agreed _(

22、go)and see a movie with(1)She had agreed _(go)and see a movie with him.him.(2)The man downstairs found it difficult _(get)(2)The man downstairs found it difficult _(get)toto sleep.sleep.to goto goto getto get(3)My ambition is _(work)for a firm that(3)My ambition is _(work)for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up.develops computer software when I grow up.(4)He prefers _(eat)white bread and rice.(4)He prefers _(eat)white bread and rice.to workto workto eatto eat