UNIT 3 Section Ⅳ　Grammar 1课件-（2022）新北师大版《高中英语》必修第一册.ppt

1、Section Grammar Grammar 1被动语态观察下列句中的加黑部分，并体会其用法。1Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.2The house was cleaned from top to bottom.3Fireworks were being let off across the city.4The spirit of the festivalthe spirit of familyhas largely been kept.【自主发现】被动语态一般由“_”构成。助动词 be 本身无词义，但有_、_

2、和_的变化。助动词be及物动词的过去分词人称数时态语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态一般由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。一、基本形式和用法1各种时态的被动语态时态构成形式一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时be going to/will/shall/be tobe done现在进行时am/is/arebeing done过去进行时was/werebeing d

3、one现在完成时have/hasbeen done过去完成时hadbeen doneThe boy is often heard to play the piano.人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)She was seen to enter the hall.有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)A new house will be built by us next year.明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时)The problem is being discussed at the meeting.会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)A meeting was being he

4、ld when I was there.我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)All these flowers have been watered.这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)The building had been completed before I arrived.在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时)2含情态动词的被动语态其构成为：情态动词be doneThese books may be kept for two weeks.这些书可以借两周。Your homework must be handed in by the Friday.你们的作业必须周五前完成。3用法(1)讲

5、话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)My bike was stolen last night.我的自行车昨晚被偷了。(2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy.这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。(3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus.这计划得到希望住在校内的人的支持。(4)习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有：born，determine，devote，seat，dr

6、ess，situate等。He was born in China in 2014.他2014年出生在中国。单句语法填空The flowers should _(water)every two days.Music and songs _(publish)and concerts and festivals _(organize)in three months.The boy _(punish)by his teacher at school.The postman _(bite)by the dog when he sent the newspapers.Hi,Li Ping.Can I u

7、se your computer for a while this afternoon?Sorry.It _(repair)be wateredwill be publishedwill be organizedwas punishedwas bittenis being repaired二、特殊用法1连系动词look，sound，feel，smell，taste，seem，appear，get，grow，keep等可用主动形式表示被动意义。The whole story sounded very odd.整个故事听起来很古怪。The dish tasted very good.这道菜尝起来很

8、不错。2表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive，lock，sell，read，wash 等，常用主动形式表示被动含义。These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很容易洗。名师指津上面这些动词如果不强调主语的内在特征、性质或状态，而是强调被动的动作，则要用被动语态。试比较：The door wont lock.这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)The door wont be locked.这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门)3表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，run，move等。The s

9、hop closes at 6 oclock pm every day.这家商店每天下午六点关门。4不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的有：appear(出现)，die(死亡)，disappear(消失)，end(结束)，fail(失败)，fall(跌倒)，happen(发生)，last(持续)，lie(躺)，remain(留下)，sit(坐)，stand(站)等。The weather wont last.这种天气持续不了多久。Very little of the house remained after the fire.火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。5有些短语不能用于被动语态。agree wi

10、th，arrive at，succeed in，happen to，take part in，belong to，break out，come true，take place，run out，come up，come out等。In my opinion,the dream will come true one day.我认为，终有一天梦想会成为现实。单句语法填空The meeting _(start)at nine tomorrow.Whether we can have a holiday _(remain)unknown.A big fire _(break)out in the for

11、est in the southwest of America on April 5,2013.The poem _ nicely and it _ by my students now.(read)This kind of shoes _ easily，so my sons shoes _ twice a week.(wash)will startremainsbrokereadsis being readwashesare washed三、主动语态和被动语态的相互变化关系 主语谓语宾语主动语态动作执行者主动形式动作的承受者被动语态动作的承受者be过去分词 由主动语态变成被动语态时：1把主动

12、句的宾语用作被动句的主语；2把主动句的谓语动词改成“be其过去分词”的形式，作被动句的谓语；3把主动句的主语放到介词by后面组成介词短语，在句中作状语，有时候可以省略。例如：They are planting trees.Trees are being planted(by them)将下列句子改为被动语态We often sing this song._He broke his leg in the match._She will sell her house soon._This song is often sung(by us)His leg was broken in the matc

13、h.Her house will be sold soon.He is repairing the machine._We must do something to help her._The machine is being repaired(by him)Something must be done to help her.用所给动词的适当形式填空1I wont attend Alices birthday party unless I _(invite)2The fruit _(smell)good when autumn is drawing near.3Please tell me

14、when the meeting _(hold)Then I can get well prepared.4Several magazines _(take)away yesterday morning.5The skirts _(sell)well when they _(introduce)to the market last summer.6In the last few years thousands of films _(produce)all over the world.am invitedsmellswill be heldwere takensoldwere introduc

15、edhave been produced7Have you moved to your new house?Not yet.It _(decorate)now.8Its a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal _(serve)9Great changes _(take)place in my village in the past few years.10Though small，the oranges _(sell)well，because they _(taste)nice.is being de

16、coratedis servedhave takenselltaste.语法与写作完成句子1Every year in September or October，the Mid-Autumn Festival _all over the world.每年在九月份或十月份，全世界的中国人都庆祝中秋节。2In the past，lanterns _by candles and _ of birds，animals and flowers，etc.在过去，灯笼通常是用蜡烛点燃并且用鸟、动物和花的图片来装饰。3Sweet dumplings _ in hot water.元宵用水煮熟，并随热汤一起吃。

17、is celebrated by the Chinese peoplewere usually litdecorated with picturesare boiled and served4In the old days，dragon boat races _ Chinese people.在古代，只有中国人举行龙舟比赛。5Lions and tigers _ the cat family.狮子和老虎属于猫科动物。6Owing to his hard work，his dream _ 由于他努力工作，他的梦想已经实现了。were organised only bybelong tohas c

18、ome true.语法填空Studying in groups is becoming more and more popular in class.It has many 1._(advantage)For example,we can not only save time but also 2._(courage)each other when we study in groups.I still remember 3._ I was in Grade 8,my physics was very poor.I had a 4._(real)hard time with it.Once in

19、 class,the teachers asked us to discuss it with each other,5._ I was very shy.I could not do it like what they told me.My physics teacher encouraged me to face others and talk with someone else bravely.Then I studied with someadvantagesencouragewhenreallybutclassmates together.When I did not underst

20、and any questions,they could give me some advice.I could quickly find out the ways 6._(deal)with the problems.After that,I felt very relaxed and asked my classmates a lot of questions about physics.At last,I was able to finish my homework by myself 7._ the first time.How 8._(excite)I was!Because of 9._(study)in groups,I am not worried about physics any more.With my classmates help,I am making progress gradually at present.It also gives me more chances to improve 10._(I)in many ways.to dealforexcitedstudyingmyself