高中英语情态动词课件-（2022）新北师大版《高中英语》必修第一册.pptx

1、教学课件北师大版 英语 高一上册情态动词一、词义 Can1.过去时：could 能，表示客观上的能力或可能性2.可以许可3.could：语气委婉 May1.过去时：might2.might：语气委婉3.e.g.May our friendship last forever.-May I smoke here?-Yes,you can.-No,you mustnt.表示祝愿表示祝愿 Must1.过去时：must：一定，必须2.做may的否定回答 need的肯定回答-Need I finish the task today?-Yes,you must.-No,you neednt.Need1.过去

2、时：needed，需要2.实义动词时+to do 情态动词时+do Dare1.过去时：dared，敢2.实义动词：+to do/do 情态动词：do3.常用于否定句和疑问句Shall请判断下列句子中的Shall表示什么?I shallshall be thirty next year.ShallShall we begin now?You shall shall have it back next week.You shallshall stay in bed.Murders shall shall be punished.将，会将，会征求意见征求意见允诺允诺命令命令规定，条约规定，条约 主

3、语是第一人称时主语是第一人称时,用在肯定句中表示将、会用在肯定句中表示将、会 主语是第一人称时，用在疑问句中表示征求对方意见主语是第一人称时，用在疑问句中表示征求对方意见 主语是第二、三人称时，表示命令、允诺、警告、威主语是第二、三人称时，表示命令、允诺、警告、威胁等胁等 用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定用在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定Shall 在句子中的用法在句子中的用法Should 1.You should go to class right away.2.I should think it would be better to try it again.3.You

4、are mistaken,I should say.4.If you should change your mind,please let us know.5.You should have helped her.6.Why should you be so late today?应该应该倒是倒是I should say依我看依我看万一万一本应该本应该怎会（疑问句中）怎会（疑问句中）Should表示表示“应该应该”，相当于，相当于ought to ought to 表示表示“倒是倒是”，是谦逊、客气、委婉的语气，是谦逊、客气、委婉的语气 “I should say.I should say.”

5、，表示，表示“依我看依我看”ShouldShould还可以用在还可以用在if if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于没有可能。相当于“万一万一”的意思。的意思。“should+have+should+have+过去分词过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。“本该本该”Why(or How)+shouldWhy(or How)+should结构表示说话人对某事不结构表示说话人对某事

6、不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会，怎会竟会，怎会”Will（Would)请判断下列句子中的请判断下列句子中的WillWill表示什么表示什么?1.I will never do that again.2.This will be the book you want.3.The guests would have arrived by that time.4.During the vacation he would visit me every week.5.Would you please pass me the book?征求意见征求意见决心决心推

7、测推测对已发生事件的推测对已发生事件的推测would表示过去重复的习惯表示过去重复的习惯Will（Would)表示请求、征询意见表示请求、征询意见,would,would更委婉更委婉 表示意志、愿望和决心表示意志、愿望和决心 用用“will be”will be”和和“will(would)+have+will(would)+have+过去分词过去分词”的结构表示推测，的结构表示推测，前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经发生的动作或事态的前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经发生的动作或事态的推测。推测。WouldWould可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。（比可表示过去反复发生的动作

8、或某种倾向。（比used toused to正式，正式，并没有并没有“现已无此习惯现已无此习惯”的含义。的含义。）Exercise 1.-I think Ill give Bob a ring.-You_.You havent been in touch with him for ages.A.will B.may C.have to D.shouldD应该 2.Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring,and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.A.can;have to B.may;can C.have

9、 to;may D.ought to;mayA Can:客观上的可能性 Have to:客观上的不得不二、表能力 现在1.can：一般能力 无将来时和完成时 e.g.She can speak English.By the time she finishes her courses,shell be able to speak English well.2.be able to:最终才产生的能力 将来：will be able to 过去:2.was/were able to e.g.In those circumstances we could have done better.1.coul

10、d(+have done)过去有能力做而没有做 1.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B could stay C.would stay D.must have stayedA过去有能力做而没有做 三、表推测（可能性）可能性的语气强弱mustwillwouldshouldought tocancouldmaymight强弱 Must1.现在：must+do2.未来or现在正在进行:must+be+doing e.g.She looks happy;s

11、he must be having a good time 3.过去：must have done e.g.He must have gone through a lot.Should表示确定或可能有的未来或期望；e.g.We should arrive before dark.各种情态动词所表达的语气有所不同e.g.This cant/couldnt be done by him.This may not be done by him.Can this be done by him?(不相信)(不确定)(疑惑；惊讶)Why!I _ get you on the phone!We _ bask

12、etball on the playground when you phoned me.A.didnt;must be playing B.couldnt must be playing C.couldnt;must have played D.didnt;must have been playingD.对过去正在发生事情的推测三、表示请求、允许、允诺 Shall1.第一人称：征求意见或请求指示 e.g.Shall we meet in the evening?征求意见 How shall I start the machine?请求指示 2.第二、三人称 e.g.You shall have

13、 a lot of money，otherwise I wont marry you!e.g.Each citizen shall carry his ID card when traveling.意图、允诺、命令 义务；规定 Could/might/would/should表示委婉 e.g.-Could/Might I use your key?-Yes,you can/may.(could/might)-No,Im afraid not.-Excuse me,but I want to use your computer to type a report.-You _ have my co

14、mputer if you dont take care of it.A.shant B.might not C.neednt D.shouldntA.表示对听话者的命令、允许四、几种“宁愿”的说法 1.would rather dodo sth.2.would rather dodo sth.than dodo sth.3.would dodo sth.rather than do do sth.4.would rather sb.diddid sth.5.prefer to doto do sth.6.prefer to doto do rather than do do sth.7.pr

15、efer doingdoing to doingdoing 1.I prefer to eat hamburgers rather than to eat sandwiches.2.I prefer to swim to dance.3.I would rather I dont met you!Please correct the mistakes!prefer to do rather than doprefer doing to doingwould rather sb.did sth.(虚拟语气）could+have+done could+have+done 本本来来能能够够做某事而做

16、某事而没没有做有做 (虚拟语气虚拟语气)must+have+done must+have+done 一定做一定做过过某事某事(肯定肯定)cant+have+donecant+have+done不可能做不可能做过过某事某事 can+have+done can+have+done 可能做可能做过过吗吗(多用于疑多用于疑问问句句)may+have+donemay+have+done 可能已可能已经经 might+have+done might+have+done 表示表示对过对过去事情的推去事情的推测测，(多用于多用于虚拟语气虚拟语气)would+have+done would+have+done

17、本本来会来会做做(虚拟语气虚拟语气 ）五、情态动词+have done的用法五、情态动词+have done的用法 should+have+done should+have+done 本本来应该来应该做某事，而做某事，而实际没实际没做做 shouldnt+have+done shouldnt+have+done 本本来来不不应该应该做某事，而做某事，而实际实际做了做了（指（指责责）ought to+have+doneought to+have+done 理理应应做做 （遗遗憾）憾）need+have+done need+have+done 本本来来需要做某事而需要做某事而没没有做（有做（虚拟语

18、气虚拟语气）neednt+have+done neednt+have+done 本本来来不需要做某事而做了不需要做某事而做了(虚拟语气虚拟语气）didnt need to do didnt need to do 不需要做，也不需要做，也没没做（不是做（不是虚拟语气虚拟语气）ExerciseWe _;we used the back entrance to the music hall as VIPs.A.Didnt need to queueB.Neednt have queuedC.Must have queuedD.Could have queued A.A.无需做某无需做某事，实际上事，

19、实际上也米有做也米有做Exercise 1.You _(没必要告诉）her the news,for I had told her about it earlier.2.I _（无需出去）but I wanted a breath of fresh air.Neednt have toldDidnt need to go out六、一些特殊用法 1.cannot but do sth.1.cannot but do sth.不得不不得不,不禁不禁 E.g.I cannot but feel sad.E.g.I cannot but feel sad.2.may well do sth.2.ma

20、y well do sth.有足有足够够/充分的理由去做某事充分的理由去做某事 ;有可能有可能 E.g.You may well not accept his apologyE.g.You may well not accept his apology 3.may as well do sth.3.may as well do sth.最好；倒不如最好；倒不如 E.g.We may as well stay here.E.g.We may as well stay here.我不禁难过起来。我不禁难过起来。你有充分的理由不接受他的道歉。你有充分的理由不接受他的道歉。我们最好留在这里。我们最好留在这里。六、一些特殊用法 4.may用于祈使句 表示祝愿 E.g.MayMay you have a good time!5.must 偏要 E.g.MustMust you speak in such voice?希望你玩的愉快！希望你玩的愉快！你非要用这种声音说话吗？你非要用这种声音说话吗？Thats all.Have you got it?教学课件北师大版 英语 高一上册非常感谢收看