Unit1 Words and expressions2课件 -(2022）新外研版高中选择性必修第四册《英语》.pptx

1、B7U1 Science Fictionwords and expressions 2 presumption cn.假设假设/定定presume vt.&vi.假设假设/假定假定;认为认为presume A to be B 假定A是B it is presumed that从句 人们认为presuming conj.假设假设assume v.suppose v.1.We must presume them to be innocent until we have proof of guilt.2.Little is known of the youngest son;it is presum

2、ed that he died young.3.Presuming/Supposing/Assuming/Provided/Providing he is absent,what shall we do?fare cn.车费；船费；飞机票价车费；船费；飞机票价(for tansporation)fee cn.上学上学/求医求医/找律师等付的费用，还可指会费找律师等付的费用，还可指会费expense cn.&un.费用费用;代价代价cost cn.费用；代价费用；代价price cn.价格；代价价格；代价daily adj.&adv.每日的每日的/日常的；日常的；n.日报日报weekly adj

3、.&adv.每周的；每周的；n.周刊周刊monthly adj.&adv.每月的，每月一次的；每月的，每月一次的；yearly adj.&adv.一年一次的，每年的；一年一次的，每年的；n.年年刊刊on a.basis on a basis of 1.The students can only get scholarships on a competitive basis.2.The workers get paid on a daily/weekly basis.3.你的观点应该要基于事实。Your opinion should be on a basis of fact.以以的方式的方式(

4、基准基准)根据根据/基于基于;=on the basis of be based on basis n.(pl.bases)底部；基础；主要成分；基本原则或原理底部；基础；主要成分；基本原则或原理base vt.以以.为基础为基础 n.根基；底部；基础；基地根基；底部；基础；基地basic adj.基础的；基本的基础的；基本的a calculator1.It _(calculate)that at least 47,000 jobs were lost so far.2.You cant always calculate on my help.3.Northbridge is a cool,_

5、(calculate),and clever criminal who could strike again.calculating adj.精于计算的精于计算的calculate vt.计算；核算；预测计算；核算；预测calculation cn.&un.计算；计算；算计算计calculator cn.计算器；计算者计算器；计算者has been calculatedcalculatingIt is calculated that从句 据估算.calculate on 指望着；期待chairwoman cn.女主席女主席;女董事长女董事长;女委员长女委员长 chairman cn.男主席男主

6、席;男董事长男董事长;男委员长男委员长president cn.主席主席;总统总统;校长校长;院长院长;董事长董事长;行长行长gramme/ram n.克克(重量单位重量单位)kilogram/kilo n.千克千克;公斤公斤ton n.吨吨pound n.磅磅 by the gram/kilogram/ton 以克/千克/吨为单位grammar n.语法1.A football weighs about 400 _(gram).2.Sorry,but we sell the roast Beijing duck _ the gram.gramsbyflour un.面粉面粉;(谷物磨成的谷物

7、磨成的)粉粉 flower n.花a wedding venue which can hold 520 people venue cn.活动场地活动场地(如音乐厅如音乐厅/会场等会场等)avenue cn.(城镇的城镇的)大街大街;林荫道林荫道Hello,Earth！Here I come.alien cn.外星人外星人(生物生物);外国人外国人 adj.外星的外星的;外国的外国的;陌生的陌生的;foreign adj.外国的;外来的;陌生的foreigner cn.外国人1.异域文化an alien culture pros and cons 事物的利与弊事物的利与弊；支持与反对；支持与反对

8、advantages and disadvantages 利与弊;优点和缺点strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点1.我们必须权衡利弊，没有一种选择是完美的。We have to weighed up the pros and cons.Neither option is perfect.the world I,a myope,seeblurred adj.模糊不清的模糊不清的;难以区分的难以区分的 blur v.（使）看不清楚，记不清（使）看不清楚，记不清 cn.模糊不清的事物模糊不清的事物 1.视力模糊blurred vision 2.模糊的记忆blurred mem

9、ories 3.泪水模糊了她的视线。Tears blurred her eyes.blur-blurred-blurred;blurringsuperior adj.更好的更好的;占优势的占优势的;(在级别在级别/重要性上重要性上)更高的更高的 inferior adj.下级下级/等的；差的；等的；差的；A be superior/inferior to B(in sth.)A(在某事上)比B更好/级别更高；更差/级别更低 A be senior/junior to sb.B A比B年长/职位高；年幼/级别底 older/elder than;younger than1.新一代智能机在功能上大

10、大优于旧一代。The new generation of smartphones is greatly superior to the older version in function.2.他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。（分词作状语）He is arrogant,always thinking he is superior to others.1.1)She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.2)Try not to let negative thoughts take over.3)Machines will

11、change the way we work,but they wont fully take over from humans.2.1)They took up arms and fought for their faith and liberty.2)Im sorry Ive already taken up so much of your valuable time.3)He took up writing after graduation.take up 拿起；占据；开始从事take over 接管/手（及物&不及物）;占上风（不及物）;取代（不及物）take over from sb

12、./sth.3.1)The campus has taken on a new look.2)The supermarket is taking on a few temporary assistants for the Christmas season.3)Every citizen should take on the responsibility to keep public clean.4.1)He took off my wet boots and made me sit by the fire2)Three planes were standing on the runway,wa

13、iting to take off.3)When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction.4)Her singing career took off after her TV appearance.take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开；突然成功take on 呈现；雇用；承担；ExercisesShortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins,the city _a new look.Briggs will _from

14、Mitchell as general manager when he retires.To keep healthy,Professor Johnson _ cycling after he retired from school.takes ontook uptake overinactive adj.不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的inaction un.无行动无行动;不采取措施不采取措施 action n.行动行动U;活活为为Ctake action(s)to do sth.采取行动做采取行动做某事某事They have a conflict.conflict v.

15、冲突，抵触冲突，抵触 cn.&un.争执，争论，分歧争执，争论，分歧1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。Their dreams conflict with their harsh reality.2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。I am in conflict with my parents on/about/over which major to choose.A与B(在某事上)冲突；矛盾/不一致A conflict with B A be in conflict with B A come into conflict with B(on/about/over sth.)labour

16、/labor n.劳动劳动(者者)C;体力劳动体力劳动 (U.)vi.奋斗奋斗;努力工作努力工作labour force 劳动力美国的劳工节 on the fist Monday in September International WorkersDay a leather jacket feather cn.羽毛leather n.皮革皮革U;leathers 皮衣皮衣/皮外套皮外套 the hand-brake leverGive me a place to stand on,and I can move the Earth.L Lever ever P Principlerinciple

17、lever cn.操纵杆操纵杆;杠杆杠杆 level cn.水平水平;水准水准liver cn.肝脏肝脏;肝肝 an instrument panela control panelpanel cn.控制板控制板;仪表盘仪表盘;专家咨询组专家咨询组 1.a judging panel评审团2.a panel of experts/judges专家/法官小组inch n.英寸英寸(=2.54厘米厘米)(复数复数inches)1.Give him an inch,he will take a mile.2.She crawled forward inch by inch.3.The policeme

18、n searched the murder site inch by inch.millimeter centimeter meter kilometerfoot n.英尺英尺(=12 inches)(复数复数feet)mile n.英里英里 backwards/backward adv.向后向后;倒着倒着;往回往回 forwards/forward adv.向前向前 upwards/upward adv.向上向上 downwards/downward adv.向下向下 eastwards/eastward adv.向东向东 westwards/westward adv.向西向西1.我没有站稳

19、，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语）Losing my balance,I fell backwards.grip vt.&vi.紧握紧握;抓紧抓紧 grasp/grab/seize grip-gripped-gripped hazy adj.模糊的模糊的;朦胧的朦胧的;困惑的困惑的1.My vision has grown so hazy.2.I have only a hazy memory of what my grandfather was really like.3.We are a little hazy about what to do next.hazily adv.模糊地；朦胧地模糊地

20、；朦胧地niece cn.侄女侄女;外甥女外甥女 nephew cn.侄子侄子;外甥外甥bring v.带来take v.带走1.Run and fetch the doctor.=send forfetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来 handkerchief cn.手帕手帕(复数复数:chiefs/-chieves)chief cn.首领首领;上司上司;长官长官(复数复数:chiefs)He took out a handkerchief and _(blow)his nose.blew lamp cn.灯灯;台灯台灯 switch/turn on 开灯switch/turn off/o

21、ut a lamp 关灯lightThe room was softly _(light)by a lamp.litStrawberry Cream PuffsPuffs of white smoke came from the chimney.烟囱冒出了袅袅白烟。puff n.(烟、气等的烟、气等的)一缕一缕/少量少量C;泡芙泡芙C;喘息喘息U；1.一缕烟;一股风;一阵微风a puff of smoke/wind/breeze 2.山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff.1.1)The job tur

22、ned out to be harder than we thought.2)It turned out that he failed the examination.No wonder he looked sorrowful.3)Remember to turn out the lights when you go to bed.4)The boss decided to turn Jack out of his job.5)Thousands of people turned out to welcome the world champion.2.What he said turned m

23、e on to politics.turn out 原来/证明/结果是;关掉/熄灭;赶/撵走;出席/在场;turn off 关掉;截断（电流、煤气、水等）;使厌烦turn on 打开;接通（电流、煤气、水等）;使感兴趣3.1)If you turn over you might find it easier to get to sleep.2)I would have to turn the evidence over to the police.turn up 调大；出现/露面turn down 调小；拒绝turn into 变成turn over 翻转/翻身；移交 1.那个我对他说话粗鲁的

24、人原来是我们的新校长。(定语从句)The person（who/that/whom)I spoke to rudely turned out to be our new headmaster.random adj.随机的;不可思议的 randomly adv.随机;随意;未加计划地1.It is better to read a few books carefully than to read many at random.at random 随意;随机;胡乱 maximum adj.最大极限的 n.最大量;最大限度 minimum adj.最小的;最低的;最低限度的 n.最低限度;最小值;1

25、.最快速度；最高气温；the maximum speed/temperature2.最低收费a minimum chargeexplode vi.&vt.爆炸/爆破;情感的迸发explosion n.爆炸；爆发；激增explosive adj.爆炸的；爆发性的 cn.&un.炸药；爆炸物 1.The bomb exploded/went off.2.Do you fear that youll burst into tears or explode with anger in front of her?jolt n常单.震动/摇晃/颠簸;一阵强烈的情感 vt.&vi.(使)震动/摇晃；唤醒1.

26、The plane landed with a jolt.2.His grandmothers death gave him a severe jolt.3.His remark jolted her into action.He flipped a coin to decide who would get the ticket.back flips flip v.(使)快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛;快速按动开关 cn.快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛;1.flip on/off the switch2.飞机猛地翻转，撞毁了，导致200人死亡。(分词作状语)The plane flipped and cr

27、ashed，killing 200 people.(flipped-flipped;flipping)He is totally stunned.stun vt.使震惊;使昏迷/把.打晕stunned adj.震惊的;惊愕的stunning adj.令人震惊的/惊愕的；极好的(stunned-stunned;stunning)mudslide cn.泥石流mud un.泥;泥浆 muddy adj.泥泞的；模糊的；混乱的1.汽车轮子陷到泥里去了。The car wheels got stuck in the mud.understatement n.轻描淡写 overstatement n.夸

28、大;夸张 overstate v.夸大 state v.陈述;说明;声明 statement cn.说法;声明;陈述1.It is no overstatement to say that learning to cooperate with others is the key factor in ones career.pace n单单.速度速度;步伐步伐/节奏节奏 vt.&vi.确定速度确定速度/调整节奏调整节奏;at a.pace 以.的速度keep pace with 保持同步;并驾齐驱;跟上;set the pace 定步调；树立榜样/起带头作用1.They set off at a

29、 steady/slow/rapid/leisurely pace.2.Those who are unwilling to challenge themselves fail to keep pace with times.3.The company is no longer setting the pace in the home computer market.4.I paced back and forth across the room.=at a speed of.踱步踱步/走来走去走来走去=at a pace of.=at a pace of steadiness/slownes

30、s/rapidness/leisure1.If you take this medicine,all your pains and aches will fall away.2.Ron fell over,still struggle with monsters.3.I rushed for the door and fell over my own feet in the hallway.4.Babies often fall down when they learn to walk.5.The house looked as if it was about to fall down.6.L

31、ook out!You would fall off the ladder.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失 disappear v.消失fade away 逐渐消失fall over 摔倒；被.绊倒 fall down 摔倒；倒塌 fall off 从.摔下 7.Modesty helps one go forward while pride makes one fall behind.fall behind 落后 Cell Division Processdivision n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)divided adj.分裂的；有分歧的divide v.分开;分割;除以divi

32、de A into B,C and D 把A分成B,C and D divide A by B 用B来分A/把A除以B1.Household waste can be roughly divided into food waste,non-recyclable waste and recyclable waste.2.If you divide thirty by five,you can get six.separate B,C and D from A 把B,C and D从A中分离urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐urgent adj.紧急的;紧迫的urgentl

33、y adv.迫切地；紧急地；急切地urgency n.紧急/催促；紧急的事urge cn.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐urge sb.to do.敦促/催促/力劝某人做什么urge that sb.(should)do sth.强烈要求It is ueged that sb.(should)do sth.是强烈要求have an urge to do 有做某事的强烈欲望1.If you get the chance to visit this place,I strongly urge you _(have)a try personally.2.The report urged that all children _(teach)to swim.3._ is strongly urged that new technology should be transferred from the rich to the poor.4.I had a sudden urge to hit him.(should)be taught to haveIt谢谢观看2 0 2 2