Unit 1Laugh Out Loud! Grammar(共24张PPT)-(2022）新外研版高中《英语》选择性必修第一册.ppt

1、a I walk through the doors into the waiting area,where theres a familiar atmosphere of boredom and tension.b .laughter produces chemicals to make people feel better,which means clown doctors can be helpful.c I spent much of the time when I was there feeling frightened.Look at the sentences from the

2、reading passages and answer the questions.a clause with essential informationWhat do“where”,“which”and“when”refer to in each sentences?Which sentences contain a clause with essential information and which with extra information?If you take away the clauses,do the sentences still make sense?Which cla

3、uses are separated by a comma,the ones with essential information or the ones with extra information?The meaning of sentence c is incomplete.clauses with extra informationSentences a and b still make sense.Now lets read more examples.1.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old m

4、agazines,all of which have been read hundreds of times previously.2.I speak with the on-duty nurse,who tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.3.We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses,who keep us updated on each patient

5、.1.People sit uncomfortably on plastic chairs,looking through old magazines,all of _ have been read hundreds of times previously.2.I speak with the on-duty nurse,_ tells me that Laras parents rushed her to the hospital after she fell off her bicycle.3.We have to be very sensitive and work closely wi

6、th the doctors and nurses,_keep us updated on each patient.Fill in the blanks with who or which.whichwho whogo Ready?1.了解非限制性定语从句中关系了解非限制性定语从句中关系词的使用规则及其与限制性定语词的使用规则及其与限制性定语从句的异同从句的异同;2.能够正确理解并运用非限制性能够正确理解并运用非限制性定语从句。定语从句。Focus on 重点关注重点关注非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Non-defining Non-defining attributive clasuse

7、sattributive clasuses(1)St Petersburg,which is a very beautiful city,was once called Leningrad.(2)Yesterday I met Li Ping,who seemed to be very busy.(3)He came to the United States in 1914,when World Warbroke out.(4)Singapore,where I have lived for ten years,is a nice place.(5)The Queen will visit t

8、he town in May,when she will open the new hospital.1.同限制性定语从句一样，同限制性定语从句一样，非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句也可也可由由关系代词/关系副词引导，但从句中的引导，但从句中的关系词不可省略关系词不可省略，关系代词，关系代词that和关系副词和关系副词why不可用于非限制性定语从句不可用于非限制性定语从句。(1)Beijing,which is the capital of China,has a very long history.(2)This is New York,which I have visited for se

9、veral times.(3)He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.(4)He was late again,which made the teacher very unhappy.注：which引导的非限制性定语从句，其引导的非限制性定语从句，其先先行词行词可以是主句中的可以是主句中的一个名词（指物）一个名词（指物），也，也可以是可以是整个句子整个句子；which在从句中可作在从句中可作主语、主语、宾语或定语等宾语或定语等。which指指Beijing，在从句中作主语，在从句中作主语which指指N

10、ew York,在从句作宾语，不可省略在从句作宾语，不可省略which指前面的整个主句指前面的整个主句,在从句作主语在从句作主语which指前面的整个主句，指前面的整个主句，在从句作主语在从句作主语as 可以像可以像which 一样引导一个定语从句一样引导一个定语从句修饰整修饰整个先行主句个先行主句，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译，而不是某一个单词，常常可以译为为“正如，正像；这正如，正像；这”，而，而which 一般译为一般译为“这这”；as是关系词中是关系词中唯一可以置于句首唯一可以置于句首的关系词。的关系词。(1)Taiwan belongs to China,as is known.众所

11、周知众所周知，台湾是属于中国的。，台湾是属于中国的。(2)Things will turn out contrary to ones wishes,as/which is often the case.事与愿违，事与愿违，这这是常有的事。是常有的事。(3)As the saying goes,“A years work begins with Spring.”正如正如俗语所说，一年之计在于春。俗语所说，一年之计在于春。2.介词+关系代词也可引导也可引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句但在这种定语从句中，但在这种定语从句中，介词通常前置，关系代介词通常前置，关系代词也不可省略词也不可省略。(1)

12、The car,for which I paid a lot of money,is now out of date.(2)I suggest you go to a specialist,from whom you can get answers to most of your questions.(3)In this chapter,one of our problems is to discover the principles on which these tests are based.3.名词/代词/数词+of+whom/which引引导的非限制性定语从句。导的非限制性定语从句。注

13、：注：whose+n.(人人/物物)=the+n.+of whom/which=of whom/which+the+n.(1)Many young people,most of whom were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，江苏，23)(2)This is the house,the window of which broke last night.(3)The people,all of whose homes had been damaged by the flood,were

14、 given help by the Red Cross.(=whose window=of which the window)(1)I saw the guy who delivers my mail in town yesterday.(2)Ill always remember the river where we learned to swim.(3)Do you know the reason why the sky is blue?(4)Shes the person whose daughter goes to Harvard.Group 1:Defining Attributi

15、ve Clauses Group 2:Non-defining Attributive Clauses(1)Paris,where I spent six months studying,is the most beautiful city in the world.(2)The woman down the street,whose children are the same age as yours,invited us over for dinner next week.(3)The movie,which is my favorite comedy of all time,is bei

16、ng shown on TV tomorrow night.which guy?which river?the reason for what?which person?若去掉，句子若去掉，句子含义不明确含义不明确若去掉，不影若去掉，不影响句子含义响句子含义无逗号与主无逗号与主句隔开句隔开有逗号与主有逗号与主句隔开句隔开Read and DiscussWhats the differences between defining attributive clauses and non-defining attributive clauses?(1)This is the photo_ I too

17、k.(2)This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surprised everyone.(8)The river,_ is now

18、 clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.Fill in the blanks and compare.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why whichwhichwhichwhom(1)This is the photo_ I took.(2)This is the pen

19、 _ he bought yesterday.(3)She is the woman _ I know.(4)This is the book _ you asked for.(5)Thats the reason _ he is leaving so early.(which/that)(which/that)(who/whom/that)(that/which)why(6)The shed in our garden,_ my father built many years ago,has lasted for a long time.(7)She married Joe,_ surpri

20、sed everyone.(8)The river,_ is now clean enough to swim in,was polluted several years ago.(9)The author of the book,_ I met at a party last week,proved to be a well-known journalist.whichwhichwhichwhom引导词对比小结引导词对比小结1)1)关系代词关系代词thatthat不能引不能引导非限制性定语从句；导非限制性定语从句；2)2)非限制性定语从句的非限制性定语从句的关系代词关系代词在任何情况下在任何

21、情况下都都不可省略不可省略；3)3)关系副词关系副词whywhy不引导非不引导非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句。Fill in the blanks and compare.Translate the following sentences and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Charles Smith 去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他

22、们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Translate the following sentences and compare.(1)Charles Smith,who was my former teacher,retired last year.Charl

23、es Smith 去年退休了，去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。他曾经是我的老师。(2)They rely on themselves,which is much better.他们依靠自己，这样好的多。他们依靠自己，这样好的多。(3)My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email almost every day.我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每我在上海工作的姐姐几乎每天都给我发电子邮件。天都给我发电子邮件。(4)He is the man whose car was stolen.他就是汽车被窃的那个人。他就是汽车被窃的那个人。翻译对比小结翻译对比小

24、结1)1)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句通常译成通常译成主句的并列主句的并列句句；2)2)限制性定语从句译限制性定语从句译成先行词的定语：成先行词的定语：“的的 ”。,where2P5Check your answers!,which will,where/through which you can learn a lot.,where youveRead the passage and rewrite the tips using non-defining attributive clauses.Add more tips to the list if you can.has lost h

25、is patience by now he thinks will impress Holmes is lying next to him he finds annoying3P5Complete the joke with the sentence parts in the box using who/which and commas where appropriate.Check your answers!,who is lying next to him.,which he finds annoying,which he thinks will impress Holmes.But,wh

26、o has lost his patience by now,shouts,Complete the following sentences with correct words.1.(2019(2019全国卷全国卷)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,_ she opened with her late husband Les.2.(2018(2018北京卷北京卷)She and her family bicycle to work,_ helps them keep fi

27、t.A.which B.who C.as D.thatwhich直击高考直击高考A Reflection from a TeenagerWhats yours?1.The famous basketball star,_ is an American,came to China yesterday.2.They are always smoking,_,of course,will do harm to their health.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.whichwhichwhoQuiz I:Fill in the blanks w

28、ith proper relative words.4.Xian,_ I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_ I once studied,was built thirty years ago.whichwherewhenQuiz II:Complete the passage with relative pronouns and adverbs.wherewhosewhichwhosewhichwhichwhowh

29、ichwhenwhy1.What do you know about the use of non-defining attributive clauses?2.Can you tell the differences between the defining and non-defining attributive clauses?Can you use them properly?Self-evaluationSelf-evaluation各个击破 Complete your own mind map about the attributive clauses.2.Finish the exercises of the Grammar part in Learning English.