汉英笔译基础教程第3章语言和文体课件.ppt

1、LOGO第3章 语言与文体文学文体的翻译文学文体的翻译I科技文体的翻译科技文体的翻译II新闻文体的翻译新闻文体的翻译III文学文体的翻译文学文体的翻译v许渊冲：许渊冲：“文学翻译家要像画家一样使人如历其境，像文学翻译家要像画家一样使人如历其境，像音乐家一样使人如闻其声，像演员一样使观众如见其音乐家一样使人如闻其声，像演员一样使观众如见其人。人。”v 文学文体翻译注意事项：文学文体翻译注意事项：v 1）透彻理解原作）透彻理解原作v 2）把握原文的风格）把握原文的风格v 3）了解双语的社会文化背景）了解双语的社会文化背景小说的翻译小说的翻译v1）作品风格的再现）作品风格的再现v2）小说人物的刻画）

2、小说人物的刻画v 一语未了，只听后院中有人笑声，说：一语未了，只听后院中有人笑声，说：“我我来迟了，不曾迎接远客来迟了，不曾迎接远客!”黛玉纳罕道：黛玉纳罕道：“这这些人个个皆敛声屏气，恭肃严整如此，这来者些人个个皆敛声屏气，恭肃严整如此，这来者系谁，这样放诞无礼系谁，这样放诞无礼?”（曹雪芹红楼梦）（曹雪芹红楼梦）小说的翻译小说的翻译v【译文【译文1】Just then they heard peals of laughter from the back courtyard and a voice cried:“Im late in greeting our guest from afar!

3、”Daiyu thought with surprise,“The people here are so respectful and solemn;they all seem to be holding their breath.Who can this be,so boisterous and pert?”(杨宪益杨宪益 戴乃迭戴乃迭 译译)v【译文【译文2】She had scarcely finished speaking when someone could be heard talking and laughing in a very loud voice in the inner

4、 courtyard behind them.“Oh dear!Im late,”said the voice.“Ive missed the arrival of our guest.”“Everyone else around here seems to go about with bated breath,”thought Dai-yu.“Who can this new arrival be?who is so brash and unmannerly?”(霍克斯霍克斯 译译)散文的翻译散文的翻译v在翻译散文时，要特别注意准确传达原文中作者所抒发在翻译散文时，要特别注意准确传达原文中作

5、者所抒发的真情实感，再现原文清新自然地语言风格。的真情实感，再现原文清新自然地语言风格。“大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等”“Equal are the gifts granted by nature to all human individuals,whether they are wealthy or impoverished”“Nature favors everyone alike,rich or poor”。诗歌的翻译诗歌的翻译诗不可译诗不可译“v李白李白 v床前明月光，疑是地上霜，床前明月光，疑是地上霜，v举头望明月，低头思故乡。举头望明月，

6、低头思故乡。诗歌的翻译诗歌的翻译【译文【译文1】In the Quiet NightSo bright a gleam on the foot of my bed,Could there have been a frost already?Lifting my head to look,I found that it was moonlight,Sinking back again,I thought suddenly of home.(Witter Bynner译译)诗歌的翻译诗歌的翻译【译文【译文2】Before my bed a pool of lightO can it be fros

7、t on the ground?Looking up,I find the moon bright;Bowing,in homesickness Im drowned.(许渊冲许渊冲 译译)戏剧的翻译戏剧的翻译戏剧语言的口语化戏剧语言的口语化孙二爷：孙二爷：这号生意又不小吧？这号生意又不小吧？刘麻子：刘麻子：也甜不到哪儿去，也甜不到哪儿去，弄好了，弄好了，赚个元宝！赚个元宝！【译文【译文1】SECOND ELDER SONG:I expect youre making a bit on this deal?POCKFACE LIU:Not all that much.But if it goe

8、s through Ill make a silver ingot.（霍华德（霍华德 译）译）【译文【译文2】Song:Another big deal?Pock-Mark Liu:Not so big.If all goes well,I may get about twenty taels of silver.（英若诚（英若诚 译）译）戏剧的翻译戏剧的翻译 戏剧语言的个性化戏剧语言的个性化鲁贵鲁贵:(咳嗽起来咳嗽起来)他妈的他妈的!(兴奋地问着兴奋地问着)你们想你们想,你们哪一个对得起你们哪一个对得起我我?(向四凤同大海向四凤同大海)你们不要不愿意听你们不要不愿意听,你们哪一个不是我辛辛苦

9、你们哪一个不是我辛辛苦苦养到大苦养到大?可是现在你们哪一件事做的对得起我可是现在你们哪一件事做的对得起我?(对大海对大海)你说你说?(对四凤对四凤)你说你说?(对着站在中间圆桌子旁的鲁妈对着站在中间圆桌子旁的鲁妈)你也说说你也说说,这都是你这都是你的好孩子啊的好孩子啊?LuGui(Coughing):God almighty!(Heatedly)Just look at you.Theres not one of you can look me in the face!(Turning to Dahai and Sifeng)Its no good you pretending not to

10、hear,either.Ive worked my fingers to the bone to bring you two up,both of you,but what have either of you ever done to show your gratitude?(To Dahai)Eh?(To Sifeng)Answer me that!(To LuMa,who is standing by the round table in the center)Or perhaps you can tell me,seeing that theyre your precious chil

11、dren?(王佐良王佐良 译译)戏剧的翻译戏剧的翻译戏剧语言的表演性戏剧语言的表演性康六康六:刘大爷刘大爷,把女儿给太监作老婆把女儿给太监作老婆,我怎么对得起人呢我怎么对得起人呢?Kang Liu:But Master Liu,please,how could I ever face my daughter again if I sold her to be the wife of eunuch?（选自茶馆，英若诚译）（选自茶馆，英若诚译）科技文体的翻译科技文体的翻译 科技词汇科技词汇This medicine acts well on the heart这种药对心脏的疗效很好。这种药对心脏的

12、疗效很好。他是一位全能输血者。他是一位全能输血者。He is the universal(blood)donor.在治疗过程中，医生必须能抓住精神病人的心里特点。在治疗过程中，医生必须能抓住精神病人的心里特点。During the therapy,the doctor has to be able to understand the psychological characteristics of the mental patient.科技文体的翻译科技文体的翻译句法特点句法特点1）大量使用名词化结构）大量使用名词化结构中国已成功地发射了第一颗试验通讯卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动中国已成功地

13、发射了第一颗试验通讯卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。了一个新阶段。The successful launching of Chinas first experimental communication satellite,which was propelled by a three-stage rocket and has been in operation ever since,indicates that our nation has entered a

14、new stage in the development of carrier rockets and electronics.科技文体的翻译科技文体的翻译2）广泛使用被动语句）广泛使用被动语句在物体上作用另一个力，可以改变物体的运动方向。在物体上作用另一个力，可以改变物体的运动方向。The direction of the motion can be changed by the action of another force on a body.自从采用数控以来，生存率大大提高了。自从采用数控以来，生存率大大提高了。Since numerical control was applied t

15、o machine tools,the productivity has been raised greatly.科技文体的翻译科技文体的翻译3）长句使用较多长句使用较多为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理为了解释光学现象，人们曾试图假定有一种具有与弹性固体相同的物理性质的介质。这种尝试的结果，最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振性质的介质。这种尝试的结果，最初曾使人们了解到一种能传输横向振动的具有上述假定所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。动的具有上述假定所认为的那种物理性质的发光介质。The efforts that have been made to explain

16、optical phenomena by means of the hypothesis of a medium having the same physical character as an elastic solid body led,in the first instance,to the understanding of a concrete example of a medium which can transmit transverse vibrations,and at a later stage to the definite conclusion that there is

17、 no luminiferous medium having the physical character assumed in the hypothesis.科技文体的翻译科技文体的翻译4）广泛使用非限定动词广泛使用非限定动词在阐明这一理论之前，必须首先回答以下问题。这是我们理解这一理论在阐明这一理论之前，必须首先回答以下问题。这是我们理解这一理论的必要前提。的必要前提。Before elucidating this theory,we must first answer the following questions,which is the essential prerequisite

18、for understanding it.（非谓语动词形式）（非谓语动词形式）带电体要变成中性的这种倾向，通过吸引电子或排斥电子，对电子产生带电体要变成中性的这种倾向，通过吸引电子或排斥电子，对电子产生一定的作用力。一定的作用力。This tendency of charged objects to become neutralized results in a certain force which acts on the electrons by either attracting them towards or repelling them away from the charged o

19、bjects.（短句合并为长句；非谓语动词形式）（短句合并为长句；非谓语动词形式）新闻文体的翻译新闻文体的翻译新闻词语的翻译新闻词语的翻译1)新词新译法新词新译法v白条白条 IOU receiptv暗箱操作暗箱操作 under-the-counter activitiesv网络犯罪网络犯罪 cybercrimev网络空间网络空间 cyberspacev网上购物网上购物 shopping onlinev购买力购买力 purchasing powerv应试教育应试教育 exam-oriented educationv第三者插足第三者插足 be a cuckoo in the nest新闻文体的翻译

20、新闻文体的翻译 2)活用小词和缩略语活用小词和缩略语v 公众支持北京申奥公众支持北京申奥v【译文【译文1】Public Support Beijings Olympic Bidv【译文【译文2】Public Back Beijings Olympic Bidv 澳大利亚力图吸引更多的亚洲游客澳大利亚力图吸引更多的亚洲游客v【译文【译文1】Australia Makes Attempt to Attract More Asian Touristsv【译文【译文2】Australia Makes Bid to Attract More Asian Tourists新闻文体的翻译新闻文体的翻译 新闻

21、句子的翻译新闻句子的翻译v参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。首先，有利于扩大中国参与亚太经合组织对中国的影响是多方面的。首先，有利于扩大中国在地区中的经济利益。亚太地区是中国对外经济利益的主要所在。中国在地区中的经济利益。亚太地区是中国对外经济利益的主要所在。中国贸易额的贸易额的80是与亚太地区国家开展的，是与亚太地区国家开展的，90%的外资来源于亚太国家的外资来源于亚太国家。vAPECs influence on China will become manifest in several aspects.First,it will help to expand Chinas econo

22、mic interests in the Asia-Pacific Region,which currently takes up 80 percent of Chinas foreign trade and 90 percent of its foreign investment.新闻文体的翻译新闻文体的翻译 新闻标题的翻译新闻标题的翻译1）概括要点有别概括要点有别v温家宝总理将出访亚洲四国并出席亚太经济组织会议温家宝总理将出访亚洲四国并出席亚太经济组织会议vPremier Plans Asia Trip2）词汇使用有别词汇使用有别v挽留北京旧城墙挽留北京旧城墙vBeijing to Fix

23、 Ancient City Wall3）时态使用有别时态使用有别v施罗德将出访美国施罗德将出访美国vShroeder to Visit US Forging Ties with the New Bush Adtion(DPA)新闻文体的翻译新闻文体的翻译编译和解释性翻译编译和解释性翻译v澳门回归祖国，再次印证了邓小平澳门回归祖国，再次印证了邓小平“一国两制一国两制”伟大构想的胜利。伟大构想的胜利。vMacaos historic return to its motherland proves again the victory of the great concept of“One Country,two systems”put forward by former paramount Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping.刘有发对外贸易大学出版社出版发行2019年