寒假讲义-上海牛津版高一-语法专题（倒装+综合）T.docx

1、课程主题：情态动词+定从+阅读综合10授课时间：学习目标情态动词+定从+阅读综合教学内容一、情态动词复习情态动词用 法否定式疑问式简答式can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中）can not / cannot /cant doCando?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）may not do Maydo?Yes,may. No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo?Yes,mightNo,might not.mu

2、st必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont havehave to只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should）ought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等shall not/shant do

3、Shalldo?Yes,shall. No,shant.should应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉will not/wont doWill/Woulddo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare.No,darent.need需要，必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes

4、,must. No,neednt.used to过去常常（现在已不再）used not/usednt/usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Diduse to do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt. Yes,did. No,didnt.当堂练习：1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.” A. shall B. will C. would D. can【参考答案】A【思路解析】shall 用

5、作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：1） 用于疑问句中征求意见。如： Shall I help you？ 要不要我帮帮你？ Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打开吗？2） 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等（可用于各类人称）。如： You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。（表威胁） Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。（表规定） You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。（表允

6、诺）2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important. A. cannot B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. neednt【参考答案】A【思路解析】 cannottoo是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太，无论怎样也不算过分，越越”。如： You cant be too careful. 你越仔细越好。 You cant praise the book too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。 We cannot work too much for the people

7、. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。 A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。注意：有时也可用 can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。 3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.” A. must B. can C. need D. may【参考答案】D【思路解析】may 表推测

8、，may not 意为“可能不（会坐火车来）”。句中的 He should 为 He shouldcome by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词 but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的 He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D.注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _ true because there was little snow there.” A. may not be B. wont be C. coul

9、dnt be D. mustnt be【参考答案】C【思路解析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的 because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选 couldnt be，即选C.5. You _ be right, but I dont think you are. A. can B. could C. must D. should【参考答案】B【思路解析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式 could，但是最佳答案却

10、是B而不是A.按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但 could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的 could 并不是 can 的过去式，与 can 也没有时间上的差别，只是 could 比 can语气更委婉，所以答案选B.注意：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。 二是后接“be（get, seem, become）形容词”，表示“有时会”

11、、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必，准是，一定做了某事”; may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“很有可能”；canhave donecannot have done1) could have done 用于对过去可能性的推断，意为“可能”，在肯定句中，指“某事可能是事实或可能会发生”；用于疑问句或否定句，表示对过去情况的怀疑、否定或惊讶；2）could have done 意为“本来可以；差点就要”，

12、指“某事可能发生但实际上未发生”常用于虚拟语气，表示惋惜、遗憾等；might have done表示“本来可能，但实际上没有发生的事情”。另外，还可以表示“本来应该或可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。should/ought to have done1) 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了; 2) 用于对过去的推断，说话人认为“按理应当、理应如此”，说话人不能肯定，只是试探性地得出结论，语气婉转；3) 对已发生的事表示“惊奇、失望、愤怒”等情绪。neednt have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意：didnt need to do表

13、示“没必要做而实际上也没有做某事”will/would have done用于推测过去，意为“想必、可以肯定”，指“说话人确信某事已发生，但并不确知”，并用于二、三人称：1）如果以现在为时间点，可以用“will have done”；2）如果以过去为时间点，只能用“would have done”；3）will have done也用于推测将来某个时间前已经完成。当堂练习：1. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _ so once, but I dont now.” A. may have thought B. can have thoughtC. may think

14、 D. might think【参考答案】A【思路解析】从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为 can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A.2. Their answers are exactly the same one of them _ from the other. A. must copy B. must have copied C. should copy D. should have copied【参考答案】B【思路解析】既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能

15、选D.3. There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. It_a comfortable journey. A. cant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been 【参考答案】D【思路解析】A、B是对现在情况而言，与情景不合。表否定推测不能说mustnt have been,只有D选项“不可能是”意思切合，时态也对，故为正确答案。4. I cant find my purse anywhere. -Yo

16、u _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would【参考答案】A【思路解析】句意：-我到处找不到我的钱包。 -你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。根据句意首先排除C、D两项；can表示实际的可能性时，只能用于否定句、疑问句，故B被排除；A项表示推测时常用于肯定句。二、定语从句复习I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人

17、主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad i

18、s my deskmate. that人，物主语，宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen a

19、s I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for whichII. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：情况用法说明例句只用that的情况1 先行词为all, everything,

20、 anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时6 句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film tha

21、t I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人2 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。3 先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he

22、时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as与which的区别：定语从句区别例句限制性定语从句中名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont read such books as you can

23、t understand. 非限制性定语从句中as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果

24、去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。The accident happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.当堂练习：一、关系词的选择：1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of

25、in that faraway village. A.until B.that C.when D.where解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What解析：答案为B。本题考查as引

26、导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的

27、名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。4.The English play my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which解析：答案为C。考定语从句。主句部分应是The English play at the New Years party was a great succes

28、s.从句补全为独立句子应是my students acted in the play。所以应选in which，其余介词不妥。5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that解析：答案为A。本题考地点状语从句，用where引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕”。此处不能用时间状语从句，排除C，本题易被误认为考定语从句，意为“在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers，也只能用where。B和D可引导定语从句，但只作主、宾等成分

29、。定语从句缺少状语，不缺主语、宾语，故不可用。6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which解析：答案为A。本题考定语从句，关系代词which指代the journey，定语从句恢复为独立句子应是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days,故选of which。二、定语从句的翻译：1. 你可以拿你感兴

30、趣的任何一本书。 You can take any book that interests you. 或You can take any book (that) you are interested in.2. 人们喜欢住在空气新鲜，噪声很少的地方。 People like to live in a place where / in which theres fresh air and little noise.3你在会上看到的那个女孩是个出名的游泳运动员。The girl (who, whom, that) you saw at the meeting is a well-known swi

31、mmer.4. 他进大学的那一天非常高兴。He was very / more than happy on the day when / on which he entered the university.5. 我总不太明白他犯这样一个错误的原因。I never really understand the reason why / for which he made / committed such a serious mistake.6. 不要读那些你看不懂的书。Dont read such books as you cannot understand. 1. 请用正确的情态动词填空：We

32、ll, as you havent done this trip before. I 1 give you a few tips to save your time and trouble. First, you 2 make sure you get to the airport really early because you always 3 queue for ages at check-in. They really 4 introduce a more efficient system, but they wont. Anyway, then you 5 go through pa

33、ssport control and so on. You 6 take something good to read because youll have quite a long wait in the departure lounge. At least you 7 be able to sit down there. Thats another advantage of being early. They 8 provide more seats, in my opinion. When your flights called, you 9 follow an official out

34、 to your plane.You 10 not take very heavy hand luggage because you 11 carry it yourself and there arent any trolleys. Everyone agrees there 12 be, of course, but there arent. The flight is quite short. You get a meal, which you 13 eat, even if its not very appetising, because you have a long bus jou

35、rney at the other end. The hotel is nice. Im sure youll like it. Now, do you have any questions?(1) 1.had better/should2.had better/should3.have to4.should5.have to6.had better/should7.should8.should9.have to10.had better/should 11.have to12.should13.had better/should2. 请用正确的关系词补全文章：Ancient China wa

36、s a place _1_ states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time _2_ there were many great philosophers. Confucius is the philosopher _3_ influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas fo

37、r more than 2,000 years.Mencius was a thinker _4_ teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confuciuss ideas, and was then given an important position in the government

38、 of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of M

39、encius. Mencius believed that the reason _5_ man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.Mozi was another teacher _6_

40、 was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family _7_ was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most importan

41、t. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state _8_ people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those _9_ are weaker than ourse

42、lves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.1. where 2. when 3. whose 4. whose 5. why 6. who 7. which 8. where 9. who 3. 定语从句的翻译:1. 鼓励市民买电动汽车，这从长远来看将有助于促进低碳经济。(which) 15年浦东一模5分Citizens are encouraged to buy electronic cars, which, in the long run, will help to promote the low-carbon economy.

43、2. 选举结果出乎意料，这令大多数人颇为失望。（which） 15年黄埔一模4分The outcome/result of the election was out of expectation, which made most people feel disappointed.3. 有六十多个社会团体将参与本次艺术节，这听起来太棒了。（which） 15年徐汇一模4分There will be more than 60 social groups to attend the art festival, which sounds great.4. 如何保护我们的视力是个重要的问题，每个青少年都

44、应该知道答案。（whose）15金山一模5分How to protect our eyesight is an important question whose answer every teenager should know.课后巩固： 高一英语. Grammar and vocabularyPart ADirections: Choose the best answer to make the sentences grammatically correct.21. Some children with bad grades can always think of brilliant ways to escape _.A. punishingB. being punishedC. to be punished D. having punished【参考答案】：B【考查内容】：escape的用法【难题解析】：escape+doing sth. 逃避被惩罚：being done【教学建议】：熟悉常考的几个动词的用法22. Nobody