Unit 1 Vocabulary(2)-ppt课件--(2022)高中英语新人教版选择性必修第四册.pptx

1、 Book4Unit 1 Science Fiction vocabulary(2)A traditional wooden arch bridge spans a valley in Ningde city,Fujian province.The bridge,which resembles a rainbow in outline,is a mortise and tenon structure built without using a single nail or rivet.A roof protects the bridge from weathering by the rain.

2、nail n.钉子；指甲；钉子；指甲；爪爪 vt.钉；抓住；使固定钉；抓住；使固定用作名词用作名词(n.)He hit the nail into the wall with a hammer.他用一把锤子把钉子打进墙里去。I found a nail sticking in the tyre.我发现轮胎上扎着一根钉子。You can try this nail polish on your nails.您可以在指甲上试试这种指甲油。She was paring her nails with nail scissors.她正在用指甲刀修指甲。用作用作及物动词及物动词(vt.)I will na

3、il up the new pictures on the wall.我会把这些新的图画钉在墙上。Its the best chance we have to nail the crime.这是我们抓住罪犯的最好机会。A saleswoman promotes stuffed toys via livestreaming at an international trading center in Baoding city of North Chinas Hebei province,on Feb 2,2021.saleswoman n.女售货员；女售货员；女推销员女推销员The saleswo

4、man set aside the coat for the fat lady.女售货员给这位胖女士留下了一件外套。The saleswoman inveigled the poor girl into buying four hats.女店员诱骗那女孩买了四顶帽子。saleslady n.女售货员女售货员salesgirl n.女售货员女售货员sale n.出售；促销出售；促销for sale待售on sale廉价出售This is a showpiece,not for sale.这是个样品,不出售。Is this shampoo on sale today?这种洗发水今天减价出售吗？Ei

5、ght guilty of catching,selling rare Yangtze fishRare fish fry are released into the Yangtze River in Wanzhou,Chongqing,in July 2021.guiltyguilty a.a.内疚的内疚的 n.罪人guiltn.罪行；内疚罪行；内疚feel guilty aboutfeel guilty aboutforfor sth sth对对-感到内疚感到内疚be guilty ofbe guilty of 犯有某某罪行犯有某某罪行criminal，guilty这两个形容词均表示“犯罪

6、的”之意。criminal侧重指某种行为是违犯法律的，因而应受到惩罚。guilty主要指某种行为违反道德标准，也可指违犯法律。The thief sought forgiveness for his guilty acts.那小偷乞求宽恕他的罪行。The three persons guilty of theft have been sent to prison.三个犯有偷盗罪的人被送进监狱了。I feel guilty about not having written to you sooner.我为没有早些给你写信而感到内疚。The man was found guilty of arme

7、d robbery,and condemned to eight years imprisonment.那人犯有持械抢劫罪,因而被判八年监禁。Bob felt guilty that he had not made an attempt to save her.鲍勃为未曾设法救她而感到内疚。The jury found him guilty of murder.陪审团判决他犯有谋杀罪。We now have the absolute proof of his guilt.我们现在有他犯罪的确凿证据。Tunisian Health Ministry decided to suspend usin

8、g the Johnson&Johnson COVID-19 vaccine(Janssen),the official Tunis Afrique Presse reported on Monday.suspend vt.悬悬;挂挂;暂停暂停;暂缓暂缓 n.暂缓；延迟；延期；暂停suspender n.吊的东西；吊带suspend from 悬挂在上,暂令停职停学suspend a lamp from the ceiling 把灯悬吊在天花板上suspend sb from duty 勒令某人停职suspend sb from post 暂令某人停职suspend sb from schoo

9、l 暂令某人停学suspend on 因而停止中断delay，postpone，suspend，put off这些动词或短语均有“推延，延期”之意。delay普通用词，多指因外界原因推迟或耽误，也可指有意推迟。postpone正式用词，语气较强，多指有安排的延期，常指明延期到一定的时间。suspend指暂时中断以待某种条件的实现。put off口语用词，与postpone同义，但较通俗。suspend,hang这组词都有“悬挂”的意思。hang指一端固定在一点或一条线上,另一端悬在空中的状态,也指依附在一点上;suspend指悬浮在空中可以灵活运动。例如:Hang the picture on

10、 the wall.把画挂在墙上。They could see the dust suspended in the beam of light.他们能看见悬浮在那道光中的灰尘。As the workers went on strike,the company was obliged to suspend its operations.由于工人罢工,该公司被迫暂停营运。Such fine particles suspend readily in water.这种微粒极易悬浮在水中。They decided to suspend trade with that country.他们决定中断和那个国

11、家的贸易。The policeman was suspended while the complaint was investigated.因该警察遭投诉，在调查期间已令其暂停职务。Mose Fu climbs a newly-built steel ladder with other villagers to go home to Atuleer,a village that lies atop a cliff more than 1,400 meters above sea level,in Zhaojue county,Liangshan Yi autonomous prefecture

12、,Southwest Chinas Sichuan province.laddern.阶梯；梯子；梯状物阶梯；梯子；梯状物Diligence is often a ladder to success.勤勉常常是通往成功的阶梯。He was halfway down the ladder when he fell.他下阶梯时，半路摔倒了。This ladder isnt very stable.这架梯子不太牢靠。Its considered unlucky to walk under a ladder.从梯子下面走过被认为是不吉利的。climb a ladder 爬梯子come down lad

13、der 从梯子上下来drop/fall from ladder 从梯子上掉下fall off the ladder 从梯子上掉下来get up the ladder 爬上梯子go up a ladder 爬梯子hold a ladder 扶住梯子kick away the ladder 过河拆桥kick down the ladder 过河拆桥put up a ladder 架起一部梯子shake ladder 摇晃梯子step down the ladder 走下梯子support ladder 支撑梯子golden ladder 绝好的梯子metal ladder 金属梯子on the l

14、adder 在最高峰ladder against a wall 靠在墙上的梯子ladder of human thought 人类思维的阶梯ladder of success 成功的阶梯ladder to success 通往成功的阶梯dismiss vt.让让(某人某人)离开离开;解散解散;解雇解雇;消除消除We dismissed the cook because her cooking was so poor.我们把厨娘解雇了,因为她的烹调技术太差了。The teacher dismissed the class ten minutes early.老师提前了10分钟下课。I dismi

15、ssed the carriage and walked the last mile.我把马车打发走了,徒步走完最后一英里路。Please dismiss all doubts about it.请打消对此的一切顾虑。Lets dismiss the subject and talk of something else.我们不要再谈论这个题目了,谈点别的什么吧。Lets dismiss our troubles.咱们别想这些烦人的事了。Dismiss the meeting.散会。The members who had voted against the court were dismisse

16、d.曾投票反对宫廷者均遭免职。If you are late again,youll be dismissed.如果你再迟到,你将被解雇。He was dismissed without notice.他未得到预先通知就被辞退了。He dismissed the idea as suddenly as it had risen.他的这个念头产生得突然,打消得也突然。His appeal was dismissed.他的上诉被驳回了。He dismissed the story as a rumor.他把这个消息当作谣言而没有理会。He just laughed,and dismissed th

17、e question as unimportant.他只是笑了笑,认为问题无足轻重而不予考虑。He dismissed the idea as impossible.他认为那个主意不现实而断然拒绝。dismiss/fire/lay off/sb解雇某人hire/employ sb 雇用某人dismiss the case 驳回该案件dismiss a class 下课dismiss the court 退庭dismiss doubts 消除疑虑dismiss an idea 摒弃一个主意dismiss the thought 打消念头dismiss for 因而解雇dismiss sb for

18、 being late 因迟到而解雇某人dismiss sb for neglect of sbs duty 因玩忽职守而免除某人的职务dismiss.from 使从离开,解雇,从除去dismiss sb from sbs job 免职dismiss from ones mind 从思想上打消dismiss sb from sbs post 撤某人的职dismiss sb from school 开除出校dismiss sth with a shake of ones head 摇头表示否决Hungarys prime minister has declared a new state of

19、emergency,which means his ruling Fidesz party can continue to govern with little oversight.declarevt.宣布宣布;声明声明;表明表明;宣称宣称归纳拓展归纳拓展declare sb./sth.to be宣布某人或某事宣布某人或某事 declare that 宣称宣称declare for/against 表示赞成表示赞成/反对反对declare war(on/against)(向向)宣战宣战declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度发表意见，表明态度declare sth.open 宣布宣布

20、开始开始declare sth.closed 宣布宣布结束结束declare off 取消取消declaration 宣布，声明，宣言宣布，声明，宣言1)In September 1939,Britain _ Germany after Germany invaded Poland.1939年年9月月,在德国入侵波兰后在德国入侵波兰后,英国英国向向德国德国宣战宣战。2)When they asked him for his opinion,he_ the policy.他们向他征求意见时他们向他征求意见时,他他声明强烈反对声明强烈反对这项政策。这项政策。3)The moment the 30t

21、h London Olympic Games _,the whole world cheered.第三十届伦敦奥运会一第三十届伦敦奥运会一宣布开幕宣布开幕,全世界都沸腾了。全世界都沸腾了。declared war ondeclared strongly againstwere declared open4).When George Bush _Saddam Hussein _a dictator(独裁者)and he decided to _Iraq,many people in the world _war and they _ that Bush was a trouble-maker.d

22、eclaredto bedeclare war ondeclared againstdeclared易混辨析易混辨析 announce,declareannounce指正式地指正式地“公开公开;发表发表;宣布宣布”,侧重侧重“预告预告”人人们所关心或感兴趣的事情们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。尤指新闻之类的消息。declare指正式地、明确地向公众指正式地、明确地向公众“宣布宣布;宣告宣告;声明声明”,侧重侧重“当众当众”发表发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。多用于宣战、议和、宣判等。巧思妙解巧思妙解用用announce,declare填空填空(1)We have time and

23、time again _ that we will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.(2)It was _ that there would be a celebration on Sunday.declaredannouncedA staff member works at a care center for pets in Guangming district,Shenzhen,Guangdong province.A pet care center in Shenzhen offers kenneling services to ani

24、mal owners undergoing centralized quarantine for COVID-19.Bu Zhigao,a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Harbin Veterinary Research Institute,told Science and Technology Daily that the risk of dogs spreading the virus to humans is extremely low.His team carried out a substant

25、ial amount of research in the early days of outbreaks on the transmission of the virus between different animals and on which pets were more susceptible to the novel coronavirus.The findings,published online in the journal Science in April 2020,showed that cats and ferrets were highly susceptible,wh

26、ereas dogs,pigs,chickens and ducks were not.Some people like coffee,whereas others like tea.有人喜欢咖啡,然而也有人喜欢茶。His children are well bred,whereas those of his sisters are naughty.他的孩子很有教养，但他姐姐的孩子却调皮得很。whereasconj.（表示对比）但是，然而;（用于正式公文）鉴于;Some of the studies show positive results,whereas others do not.有一些

27、研究结果令人满意，然而其他的则不然。同义词：however、while、nevertheless、but、yetrumour用作名词用作名词(n.)There isnt an atom of truth in the rumour.谣言中没有丝毫的真实性。The rumour percolated through the firm.那谣言在公司里慢慢流传开来。A rumour does not always prove(to be)a fact.传闻弄到最后不一定是事实。I heard a rumour that they are getting married.我听到传闻，说他们要结婚了。R

28、umour has it that the president is coming to visit our school.传说总统要来我们学校参观。用作用作及物动词及物动词(vt.)It was rumoured that he was suffering from gallstone.听说他得了胆结石病。She is rumoured to have been married in England.谣传她已经在英国结婚。n.谣言；传闻；传说谣言；传闻；传说vt.传闻，谣传传闻，谣传Circulate/spread a rumour 传播谣言the absurd/vague rumour 荒

29、谬含糊的谣言all sorts of rumours 各种谣传the source of rumours 谣言的来源the rumour aboutas to 关于的传闻Rumour has it that.听说A medical worker takes a swab sample from a delivery man for nucleic acid test at a testing site in Chaoyang district,Beijing,May 5,2022.Wu Zunyou,chief epidemiologist at the Chinese Center for

30、Disease Control and Prevention,said it is misleading to presume that the virus will always get more infectious and less severe over time.presume=assume 假设；假定用作不及物动词用作不及物动词A servant ought not to presume.仆人不可擅自行事。You always presume too much.你总是想得太多。用作及物动词用作及物动词S+n./pron.You had better presume no such

31、thing.你最好不要这样设想。An answer,by its nature,presumes a question.答案本身就意味着问题的存在。S+to-vWe presume to get in all the crops by the end of this month.我们拟定在月底收完庄稼。May I presume to advise you?我可以向你进一言吗?I wont presume to trouble you.我不敢麻烦你。Dont presume to order people about.不要瞎指挥。I know my place and I wouldnt pr

32、esume to tell an expert how to do his job.我知道我的地位,我不会冒昧的去指挥一个行家的工作。S+(that-)clauseWe must presume they are innocent.我们必须假定他们是无罪的。I presume that someone is presuming a joke.我猜是有人在开玩笑。Haas didnt say when he would return,but I presume hell be back for dinner.哈斯没有说他何时回来,但我想他会回来吃晚饭。用作宾补动词用作宾补动词S+n./pron.+(to be)adj.They presumed him innocent.他们都认为他是清白的。Almost everybody presumed the story true.绝大多数人以为那个传闻是可靠的。【近义词】assume 假定 guess 推测 imagine 想像 suppose 假设 infer 推断 think 认为 imply 暗示 take for granted 想当然