计算机英语(第二版)chapter3ComputerSystemArchitecture课件.ppt
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1、Computer Science in EnglishDesigned and Programmed ByJiang TongqiangMiao TianshunTeaching Assisted CoursewareComputer Science in EnglishII.Grammatical Notes to the Text III.Words Bank to the TextIV.Exercises of the ChapterI.Pre-reading QuestionsChapter 3:Computer System ArchitectureII.Grammatical No
2、tes to the Text III.Words Bank to the TextIV.Exercises of the ChapterI.Pre-reading QuestionsChapter 3I.Pre-reading Questions1.How many types of parallel processing do you know?Name at least four of them.?2.What is a pipelining?3.How many types of computers do you know?Name at least four of them.1.Ho
3、w many types of parallel processing do you know?Name at least four of them.?Reference Key:There are a variety of ways that parallel processing can be classified.One classification introduced by M.J.Flynn considers the organization of a computer system by the number of instructions and data items tha
4、t are manipulated simultaneously.Flynns classification divides computers into four major groups as follows:1.Single instruction stream,single data stream(SISD).2.Single instruction stream,multiple data stream(SIMD).3.Multiple instruction stream,single data stream(MISD).4.Multiple instruction stream,
5、multiple data stream(MIMD).Chapter 3I.Pre-reading Questions2.What is a pipelining?Reference Key:Pipelining is a technique of decomposing a sequential process into suboperations,with each subprocess being executed in a special dedicated segment that operates concurrently with all other segments.Chapt
6、er 3I.Pre-reading Questions3.What is a RISC?Reference Key:RISC processors exclude these instructions,opting for a smaller instruction set with simpler instructions.分词结构分词结构used to denote a large class computer system从作定语,修饰从作定语,修饰a terma term。thatthat引导的限制性定语从句,修饰引导的限制性定语从句,修饰techniquestechniques。fo
7、r the purpose of increasing the computational speed of a computer system是介词短语作状语,是介词短语作状语,表示目的。表示目的。denotedenote:表示:表示的意义。的意义。1.Parallel processing is a term used to denote a large class of techniques that are used to provide simultaneous data-processing tasks for the purpose of increasing the compu
8、tational speed of a computer system.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textthe amount of processing that can accomplished during a given interval of time作作throughput的同位语。限制性定的同位语。限制性定语从句语从句that can be accomplished during a given interval of time修饰修饰the amount of processing。interval:间隔,空隙。:间隔,空隙。2.The purpo
9、se of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughput,that is,the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textitit指代的是前一个句子中叙述的事情。指代的是前一个句子中叙述的事情。由由fromfrom连接连接is 3is 3个介词短语是并列的,个介词短语是
10、并列的,都作都作considered considered 的状语。的状语。3.It can be considered from the internal organization of the processors,from the interconnection structure between processors,or from the flow of information through the system.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textbe characterized bybe characterized by:有特点。:有特点。名词从句名
11、词从句 that they require that they require to to complete complete 作作fact fact 的同位语。的同位语。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句that will take a that will take a conventional computer days or even conventional computer days or even weeks to complete weeks to complete 修饰修饰computationscomputations。4.These problems are characteri
12、zed by the fact that they require a vast number of computations that will take a conventional computer days or even weeks to complete.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text不定式短语不定式短语to achieve the required level to achieve the required level of high performance of high performance 作状语,表示目的作状语,表示目的;it;it是形
13、式主语,其作用是为了避免句子结构头重是形式主语,其作用是为了避免句子结构头重脚轻。真正的主语是脚轻。真正的主语是to utilize to utilize techniquestechniques。innovativeinnovative:创新的。介词短语:创新的。介词短语from vector and parallel processing from vector and parallel processing techniquestechniques作定语,修饰作定语,修饰proceduresprocedures。5.To achieve the required level of hig
14、h performance it is necessary to utilize the fastest and most reliable hardware and apply innovative procedures from vector and parallel processing techniques.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text形容词短语形容词短语capable of vector processing capable of vector processing 作作主语,修饰主语,修饰a computera computer。eliminat
15、eeliminate:去除,消:去除,消除。过去分词结构除。过去分词结构associated with associated with loop loop 修饰修饰the overheadthe overhead。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句it takes to fetch and it takes to fetch and execute the instructions in the program execute the instructions in the program looploop修饰修饰the timethe time,连接词,连接词thatthat被省略了。被省略了。6
16、.A computer capable of vector processing eliminates the overhead associated with the time it takes to fetch and execute the instructions in the program loop.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text现在分词短语现在分词短语specifying the base address of the operands 修饰修饰three fields。介词。介词with连接了两个名词性短语:连接了两个名词性短语:three f
17、ields 与与an additional field。限制性定。限制性定语从句语从句that gives the length of the data items in the vectors 修饰修饰an additional field。7.This is essentially a three-address instruction with three fields specifying the base address of the operands and an additional field that gives the length of the data items in
18、 the vectors.II.Grammatical Notes to the Text该句包含一个宾语从句该句包含一个宾语从句that reducing that reducing the propagation the propagation more quickly more quickly。现在分词短语现在分词短语reducing the reducing the propagation delay within the CPUpropagation delay within the CPU作作从句中的主语。从句中的主语。分词短语分词短语performing each instruc
19、tion performing each instruction more quicklymore quickly作状语,表示结果。作状语,表示结果。8.They reasoned that reducing the propagation delay within the CPU would allow the CPU to run at a higher frequency,thus performing each instruction more quickly.II.Grammatical Notes to the TextDepending on Depending on funct
20、ions functions 为分词短语作为分词短语作状语,其逻辑主语是状语,其逻辑主语是this approachthis approach。介词。介词onon后边带着由后边带着由howhow引导的宾语从句,以及中心词引导的宾语从句,以及中心词为为the number of instructionsthe number of instructions的名词性短语。的名词性短语。过去分词短语过去分词短语needed to perform their needed to perform their functionsfunctions修饰修饰the number of instructionst
21、he number of instructions。9.Depending on how frequently the eliminated instructions were needed,and the number of instructions needed to perform their functions,this approach might or might not improve system performance.II.Grammatical Notes to the Textwhether pin compatible or not whether pin compa
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