美国本土居民印第安人的历史、文化、艺术总结课件.ppt

1、The Brief Introduction of Native Americans Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from North America now encompassed by the continental United States,including parts of Alaska and the island state of Hawaii.They comprise a large number of distinct tribes,states,and ethnic g

2、roups,many of which survive as intact political communities.The terminology used to refer to Native Americans is controversial.First stage:The treatment of the American to IndiansThe massacre During the civil war,northern alliance in order to gain the support of westerners,they build up forces to cr

3、usade the Indians.In the end of the war,General Grant became the president of America,he said that,“It is necessary to destroy all Indian tribes”.Another General Sherman said that.“Ive seen only Indian good man is dead”.Behind the above behavior,the main reason is that Indian lands Another important

4、 reason is Americans said that their own cultural is civilization,Indian culture is completely barbaric.Americans means to press Indians To kill the Buffalos-make the Indian tribes lose their source of food and necessities sources.Americans means to press Indians To destroy their habitat-butcher the

5、 Indians and drive them out of their homeland.America policy on IndiansWestward MovementDozens of Native American tribes lived in the west,supporting themselves with many different economies.Westward expansion depleted resources and damaged the environment,thus destroying the Native Americans abilit

6、y to support themselves.Secend Stage:The contribution of American Indians In agriculturepumpkintomatopotatococoacornwheatcropsIn handicraft industry pottery The device of potteryIn drawingIn art danceClothingTheir clothing was made mostly from hides of animals.In the winter,the men wore shirts,leggi

7、ngs（裹腿，绑腿）（裹腿，绑腿）,and（鹿皮鞋）（鹿皮鞋）made of buckskin.Buckskin is clothing made from the skins of animals,mainly deer.The women wore skirts they had woven from the wild grasses,covered with furs,with leggings underneath.In the summer,the men wore a breechcloth（腰布，短裤）（腰布，短裤）,a short piece of buckskin that

8、hung from the front to the back of the Indian.The women wore their grass dresses,and the children wore nothing at all.Music and art Traditional Native American music is almost entirely monophonic,but there are notable exceptions.Native American music often includes drumming and/or the playing of rat

9、tles or other percussion instruments but little other instrumentation.Flutes and whistles made of wood,cane,or bone are also played,Performers with Native American parentage have occasionally appeared in American popular musicThird stage:Native Americans as American citizensNative Americans as Ameri

10、can citizens In 1857,Chief Justice Roger B.Taney expressed that since Native Americans were free and independent people that they could become U.S.citizenNative Americans today According to 2003 United States Census Bureau estimates,a little over one third of the 2,786,652 Native Americans in the United States live in three states:California at 413,382,Arizona at 294,137 and Oklahoma at 279,559.In 2000,eight of ten Americans with Native American ancestry were of mixed blood.Some tribal nations have been unable to establish their heritage and obtain federal recognition.