Unit 1 Grammar and usage（动词不定式作主语和表语）课件ppt--(2022)高中英语（新）牛津译林版选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、Non-finite verbG R A M M A R A REVIEW动词不定式一般由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。动词不定式可以带宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。动词不定式不能单独作谓语，可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。如：To finish the task in a week is very hard.The big boy managed to pass the exam.My work is to clean the garden every day.She was the first woman to

2、swim across the English Channel.Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow.主宾表定补As a real foodie,I enjoy all kinds of foods.My dream is to try different restaurants and taste various foods.Yesterday I invited some friends to try a great new restaurant for dinner.Nothing can stop our determination

3、to have a try.We decided to wait outside.After an hour of waiting,we were invited to go into the restaurant and take the order.The dishes are extremely delicious.It is worthwhile to have such a long wait.Lead-in Find out to-infinitives and guess their functions.表宾主补补011.动动词不定式作主语，词不定式作主语，表示具体的、一次性的或

4、者表示将来含义的动作表示具体的、一次性的或者表示将来含义的动作，且谓语动且谓语动词常用单数词常用单数。如：To master a new skill is not an easy thing.To see is to believe.To help others is our duty.To talk with her is a great pleasure.01 2.动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用动词不定式短语作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，往往用it作形式主语作形式主语，而将动词，而将动词不定式短语置于句末。如：不定式短语置于句末。如：It is important to e

5、nlarge English vocabulary.It would be a waste of time to look up every new word when you read an English novel.其常见句型有以下其常见句型有以下4种：种：Itis名词名词to do sth Its our duty to take good care of the old.It takes/took will take sbsome time/moneyto do sth It will take us three hours to walk there.Itbe形容词形容词for/o

6、f sbto do sth Its very kind of you to tell us what happened yesterday.It is important for children to tell right from wrong at an early age.It seems(appears)形容词形容词to do sth It seemed impossible to finish the work on time.01 用用 it 做形式主语改写下面句子做形式主语改写下面句子(1)To speak English well isnt an easy job.(2)To

7、improve our teaching method is very important.(3)To talk with her is a great pleasure.(4)To look up every new word would be a waste of time.It isnt an easy job to speak English.It is very important to improve our teaching method.It is a great pleasure to talk with her.It would be a waste of time to

8、look up every new word.01 3.“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+不定式不定式”构成的构成的不定式短语不定式短语作主语时，作主语时，且谓语动词常用单数且谓语动词常用单数。常见的特殊疑问词有：常见的特殊疑问词有：what,who,which,when,where,why,how 等。等。如：如：Where to hold the meeting hasnt been decided.How to relieve the pain is a question.02 1.动词动词不定式作表语，通常不定式作表语，通常说明主语的具体内容说明主语的具体内容。其主语通常是其主语通常是 aim,

9、ambition,dream,duty,goal,idea,intension,plan,purpose,task,way,wish 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如：等表示意向、打算、计划的词。如：His ambition is to become an actor.Her duty is to look after the children.不定式作表语通常可以不定式作表语通常可以和主语位置互换和主语位置互换。My dream is to be a doctor.To be a doctor is my dream.02 2.某些系动词，如某些系动词，如be（是）、（是）、seem（看起来）

10、、（看起来）、appear（看起来）、（看起来）、prove（证（证明）、明）、turn out（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。（结果）等，后面可以接不定式作表语。其中，其中，除了除了be动词之外，动词之外，seem、appear、prove、turn out后面的表语后面的表语若是以若是以“to be+.”的形式出现，通常可以省略的形式出现，通常可以省略to be。He seems(to be)busy.He appears(to be)busy.The plan proves(to be)right.The plan turns out(to be)right.Attention:有些

11、系动词，如有些系动词，如sound（听起来）、（听起来）、smell（闻起来）、（闻起来）、taste（尝起来）、（尝起来）、feel（感觉）、（感觉）、become（成为）等，通常（成为）等，通常不可以不可以接不定式作表语。接不定式作表语。练习：判断下列句子正误练习：判断下列句子正误It smells to be delicious.The book seems available.The cake tastes to be yummy.F F T T F F023.“特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+不定式不定式”通常与通常与be动词构成系表结构，作动词构成系表结构，作be动词的表语。如：动词的表语。

12、如：The question is how to carry out the plan.4.当主语部分有当主语部分有实义实义动词动词 do 时时(以及以及do的其他形式时的其他形式时),作表语的动词不定式通常要作表语的动词不定式通常要省略省略to(即即“前有前有do,后无后无to”)。如：如：What you should do is(to)open the door.All I want to do now is(to)have a rest.单个不定式单个不定式(不定式短语不定式短语)做主语，谓语动词用单数做主语，谓语动词用单数To play basketball _(be)great.如

13、果如果and连接两个或更多并列的不定式连接两个或更多并列的不定式(不定式短语不定式短语)作主语，谓语动词就用复数作主语，谓语动词就用复数To improve peoples life and to speed up socialist construction _(be)our two important tasks.When and where to do _(not decide)yet.What to do and where to do _(not decide)yet.isarehasnt been decidedhavent been decided1.Its bad for yo

14、ur eyes _(play)computer games too much.2.His ambition is _(become)a successful scientist when he graduates.3._(enjoy)the convenience of digital payment,many senior citizens started to use smartphones.4.What we can do is _(ensure)that all students have access to a healthy diet.5.Its really kind of hi

15、m _(let)us use his swimming pool.to playto becomeTo enjoy(to)ensureto letPracticeB Applying the rulesDear Tom,I am writing to thank you for taking me to Sky Buffet.It was so kind of you to invite me and book a table by the window.It was wonderful to see the city scenery and watch the beautiful sunse

16、t.I have always wanted to give Sky Buffet a try,and it certainly lived up to my expectations!Do you have any arrangements next weekend?My plan is to invite you over to my home for dinner next Saturday.The view wont be as good as at Sky Buffet but I would like to cook you something special to thank you.Yours,Mary