浙江2019-2020高考英语二轮专题复习：完形填空.pptx

1、专题 完形填空,-2-,表一,-3-,-4-,表二,-5-,一、话题传统经典,旨在传递正能量。 选材多为具有一定故事情节的记叙文或是叙议结合、以叙为主、富有哲理的论说文,以贴近学生生活的话题为主,大多富有积极的教育意义,呈现出“小故事,大道理”的特点,旨在传播知识,传递正能量。话题包括社会热点、学习生活、人物故事等,以传递正能量、普及社会常识为主。 二、设题着眼语篇理解,注重能力考查。 近几年的语篇整体上继承了近些年的优良传统,注重能力考查,着眼于语义、语境、语篇的深层次理解,注重考查学生把握语篇主线和主题的能力、语义辨析的能力、逻辑思维的能力、情感体验的能力、情境想象的能力及情感态度的能力。

2、语篇不长,300词左右。选项较为基础,多为初中所学词汇。但对语篇理解提出了更高的要求,也就是说要求考生理解文章的整体含义,弄清楚段落之间、句子之间以及上下文之间的逻辑关系才能得出正确答案。,-6-,三、干扰项设计严密,选项均以实词为主,答案分布均匀。 四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴,四个选项的意义相差很大,但是干扰项填入后在语法上一般不存在错误,对考生有很大的迷惑作用。选项全为实词,动词、名词、形容词和副词(含逻辑副词)这四类词的比例没有规律性,只是动词和名词所占比例相对多些。 正确选项分布均匀,正确选项中A、B、C、D的个数均等,都为5个。在高考考场上可以适度运用此规律。,-7-,状

3、元笔记 失分的主要原因: 单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,忽略文章中上下文之间的照应 切记:一定要用23分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄懂语篇导读和基本脉络后再答题。 基础夯实不够,词汇和句法障碍较大 由于词汇量不足,导致有些词汇比较陌生,比如:2016年10月份完形中的 left over;thrilled;significance,文章最后的idiom:what goes around comes around(恶有恶报/善有善报)对相当部分考生的理解会造成很大的障碍。 此外,在解题时,急于求成,遇到长句难句时不分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱着碰运气的心理随意做出选择。,-8-,一、四个步骤巧应对 1.审:

4、关注首句,跳过空格,理解大意找主题。(1分钟) 2.筛:利用选项,理解文章,先易后难先初选。(23分钟) 3.选:瞻前顾后,语法语篇,上下联系细推敲。(910分钟) 4.顺:带入答案,回读检查,置身文中破难题。(2分钟),-9-,二、五大技巧定答案 1.瞻前顾后梳“双线,“情节” “情感”要把握 “双线”指的是记叙文(或夹叙夹议文)中的明、暗两条线索。其一是“情节线”,其二是“情感线”,前者为明线,后者为暗线。在做此类完形填空时,理清故事的“情节线”和“情感线”,紧紧抓住这两条主线,想主人公所想,置身于文章之中,才能提高答案的准确率。 “情感线”:记叙文并非为叙事而叙事,作者讲故事的根本目的是

5、要表达自己的思想。因此,记叙文在叙事的同时往往蕴含着深刻的生活哲理,或者表达作者的某种感情。在做此类题时,我们要在理清“情节线”的同时,设法理清其“情感线”。准确体会作者情感,有助于快速正确地选出答案。,-10-,2.重复词汇是线索,火眼金睛巧辨析 借助词汇复现现象(原词、同义近义词、反义词、词语的解释)。在完形填空选项的设置上,命题人往往会通过原词、同根词、同义、反义等方式重现已经出现过的词汇,或创设一种必须使用特定词汇的语境来考查学生对词汇在具体语境中的使用。在做题时要注意查找选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相照应的,从上下文分析是否有创设该词使用的语境。一般规律为上文出现的词从下文找,反之亦

6、然。,-11-,【典例】 As a general rule,all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.As a matter of fact,we can see this at work in people of all ages. A.principle B.habit C.way D.power 解析 A 考查词语复现。根据文章第一句中的rule,可知此处用principle(原理,原则)。句意:作为一般规则,当各种形式的活动在日常生活中按照常规被执行时,它们都

7、会导致无聊。其实,我们可以在工作中在不同年龄阶段的人身上看到这个法则。habit“习惯”;way“方式”;power“权力,力量”。,-12-,3.确定最佳靠逻辑,字里行间找信息 在完形填空选项的设置上多考查学生通过上下文的前后提示或暗示,对整体文意进行把握的能力。选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分,可能会有两个或两个以上的答案;若放在整篇文章提供的语境中,利用上下文提供的各种暗示信息综合分析,则只有一个最佳答案。这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。因此在做此类试题时,要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,从中选出最符

8、合上下文语境的答案。,-13-,【典例1】(20186浙江) We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,but is it possible to have too much? I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport.By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it right a

9、way. 37.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect 解析 A 根据全文可知,此处是作者的回忆,他记得高中时期的生活,故remember表示“记得”。 38.A.watched B.loved. C.coached D.played 解析 D play a sport是固定搭配,表示“从事某一项体育运动”。,-14-,【典例2】 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of

10、 paper that said, “ my job.Family to Feed.” A.Lost B.Changed C.Quit D.Finished 解析 A 句意:在路上,我们注意到一个男子握着一张纸,纸上写道:“失业,需要养家”。根据“Family to feed.”及下文可知,这个人是失业的状态。lose ones job意为“失业”,本句是“Ive lost my job.”的省略表达。故选A项。,-15-,4.习惯用法考记忆,复读反思再核实 在完形填空中,也有查固定搭配和语法知识的题目,该类题型虽然在完形填空题中所占比重较小,但也是考查重点之一。在解题时,不能单从词义上辨析,

11、而应审查空格前后构成的动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语等习惯性搭配及英语中一些常用的固定句式。,-16-,【典例1】 (201711浙江) He was unconscious.The bus 45 a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold 46 to bring the bus to a stop.Police praised the young teachers quick thinking. 45.A.ran over B.went by C.carried D.hit 解析 D 此处考

12、查的是固定搭配。根据句意可知,大巴失去了控制,撞上了电线杆。句中hit表示“撞上”。 46.A.remembered B.continued C.prepared D.managed 解析 D 根据语境可知,Harvold老师最终成功地把大巴车停了下来,此处manage to do sth.是固定词组,表示“最终成功地做了某事”。,-17-,【典例2】 The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a b

13、ig on how I saw life from then on. A.strike B.push C.challenge D.impact 解析 D 考查固定搭配。句意:他非传统的想法以及关于特殊病人的故事让我感到如此惊讶,对我如何看待人生产生了很大的影响。have an impact on “对有影响”。,-18-,5.部分空格靠常识,相近词义细辨析 高考英语完形填空的材料都选自原汁原味的英语文章,反映某一国家的历史文化、风土人情、民俗、节日、生活习惯等方面的信息。同时,也有可能涉及人物的社会关系、职位、安全、学习及生活方面的常识。要求考生平时要多了解其他国家的历史文化和风俗习惯等方面的

14、知识,从而培养跨文化交际能力。在做题时,若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识,巧妙地加以运用,必能轻松解题。,-19-,【典例】(201610浙江) I told him that they would be his own chickens and we would _ the eggs from him.However,he would have to buy chicken feed with the money he made from the eggs. A.save B.borrow C.buy D.keep 解析 C save “挽救,节约”;borrow “借”;buy “

15、买”;keep “保留,喂养”。句意:我告诉他这些鸡将属于他自己,并且我们将从他那里买他的鸡下的鸡蛋。所以选buy。由“with the money he made from the eggs”可知,用钱肯定是“去买”。,-20-,状元笔记 高分策略: 沉着冷静不急躁,速读全文知大意; “情节” “情感”要理清,逐句研读选答案; 结合语境辨词义,语法知识应给力; 单词复现信心足,由易到难扫障碍; 背景知识是辅助,动词短语活运用; 擦亮双眼识搭配,耐心核对把好关; 要想高考完形胜,词汇扩充是关键。,-21-,【真题1】(20186浙江) We have all heard how time is

16、 more valuable than money,but is it 36 to have too much time? I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 38 a team sport.By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it 39 . When I got into college,things 40 .I suddenly found myself out

17、of class before noon time.Because of all this 41 time,there was no sense of 42 to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a 43 .Once that happened,I just kept 44 my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was 45

18、really late at night to get my work done.,-22-,One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was 47 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 48 ,I asked him why he just didnt do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would 49 have too much time and would just do what

19、I did back in 50 .He said that if he 51 the job,he would lose his 52 to work and succeed. So,try 53 your time with other work.This is why there is a 54 that if you want something done,ask a 55 person to do it.,-23-,36.A.true B.fair C.strange D.possible 37.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect 38.

20、A.watched B.loved C.coached D.played 39.A.at last B.right away C.of course D.as usual 40.A.happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered 41.A.extra B.difficult C.valuable D.limited 42.A.duty B.achievement C.urgency D.direction,-24-,43.A.burden B.relief C.risk D.habit 44.A.pushing B.taking C.setting D.cal

21、ling 45.A.hanging out B.staying up C.jogging round D.showing off 46.A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired 47.A.raising B.wasting C.demanding D.making 48.A.safe B.important C.boring D.rewarding 49.A.luckily B.hardly C.hopefully D.simply,-25-,50.A.childhood B.college C.town D.business 51.A.quit B.found C.a

22、ccepted D.kept 52.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way 53.A.saving B.filling up C.giving up D.trading 54.A.message B.story C.saying D.fact 55.A.careful B.busy C.reliable D.kind,-26-,【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。时间比金钱珍贵,但是我们可能拥有太多的时间吗?作者把高中生活与大学生活做比较,把自己的生活与老同学的生活做比较,最后用一句谚语做总结:要想效率高,就要将事情交给忙人做。,-27-,答案及解析 36.D 我们都知道时

23、间比金钱珍贵的道理,但是我们可能拥有太多的时间吗?根据句意可知,D项符合语境。true“真正的”;fair“公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;possible“可能的”。 37.A 根据下文的时态及语境可知,此处指“我”开始回忆高中生活。remember back是固定搭配,意为“回想”,符合句意,故选A项。 38.D 根据上下文可知,除了学习,“我”还参加团队运动。watch“观看”;love“喜爱”;coach“训练”;play“参加比赛”,故D项更符合句意。 39.B 根据前面的“only”可知,“我”仅剩下一点时间可以做作业,因此,“我”不得不马上完成。at last“最后”;rig

24、ht away“马上”;of course“当然”;as usual“像往常一样”,故选B项。 40.C 根据下文的“suddenly”可知,当“我”进入了大学,事情发生了改变。happen“发生”;repeat“重复”;change“改变”;matter“要紧”。故选C项。,-28-,41.A 根据上文及后文的“waiting until”可知,“我”步入大学后,情况发生了变化,时间比高中增多。extra意为“额外的”,故选A项。 42.C 根据句意可知,因为所有这些额外的时间,导致“我”对学业没有紧迫感。duty“职责”;achievement“成就”;urgency“紧迫”;direct

25、ion“方向”,故选C项。 43.D 根据后文可知,“我”一直在等待,直到后来变成了一个习惯。burden“负担”;relief“解除”;risk“危险”;habit“习惯”。故选D项。 44.A 根据下文的“further and further”可知,此处表示“我”越来越懒散,不断地把我的学习推得越来越晚。故选A项。 45.B 根据句意及下文的“late at night”可知,此处表示“我”熬夜直到完成工作,stay up是固定短语,意为“熬夜”,故选B项。hang out“闲逛”;jog round“慢跑”;show off“炫耀”。 46.A 根据后文可知,“我”与老同学只是相遇,并

26、无其他“帮助”,“款待”或“雇佣”之意,故选A项。,-29-,47.D 根据后文的“running a sideline(副业)”及“succeed”可知,老同学事业有成,开创了副业,赚了许多钱。make a lot of money是固定短语,意为“赚了很多钱”,故选D项。 48.C 根据后文可知,“我”询问老同学为什么不全心全意只做副业,据此可以推断,此处意为“他的工作很枯燥无味”,故选C项。 49.D 根据句意及后文的“and would just do”可知,如果没有这份工作,他会有太多的时间,只会做“我”在大学里做过的事情。此处的simply与just相呼应,故选D项。 50.B 参

27、见上题解析。 51.A 根据句意及后文的“lose”可知,此处意为“假如辞职,他就会失去工作与成功的动力”。quit意为“放弃”,故选A项。 52.C 参见上题解析。heart“心脏”;chance“机会”;drive“驱动力”;way“方法”。故选C项。,-30-,53.B 根据上文可知,此处表示“我”建议大家要让工作占满自己的时间,save“节省”;fill up“填充”;give up“放弃”;trade“交易”。故选B项。 54.C 根据下文的“if you want something done,ask a 55 person to do it”可知,此处是一句谚语,故选C项。 55

28、.B 要想效率高,就要将事情交给忙人做。根据句意及全文内容可知,B项更符合句意。careful“仔细的”;busy“繁忙的”;reliable“可靠的”;kind“仁慈的”。,-31-,【真题2】(201711浙江) A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students when he took 36 of a bus after its driver suffered a serious heart attack. Guy Harvold,24,had 37 the students and three course leaders f

29、rom Gatwick airport,and they were travelling to Bournemouth to 38 their host families.They were going to 39 a course at the ABC Language School in Bournemouth where Harvold works as a 40 . Harvold,who has not 41 his driving test,said,“I realized the bus was out of control when I was 42 the students.

30、” The bus ran into trees at the side of the road and he 43 the driver was slumped(倒伏) over the wheel.The driver didnt 44 .He was unconscious.The bus 45 a lamp post and it broke the glass on the front door before Harvold 46 to bring the bus to a stop.Police 47 the young teachers quick thinking.If he

31、hadnt 48 quickly,there could have been a terrible 49 .,-32-,The bus driver never regained consciousness and died at East Surrey Hospital.He had worked regularly with the 50 and was very well regarded by the teachers and students.Harvold said,“I was 51 that no one else was hurt,but I hoped the driver

32、 would 52 .” The head of the language school told the local newspaper that the school is going to send Harvold on a weekend 53 to Dublin with a friend,thanking him for his 54 .A local driving school has also offered him six 55 driving lessons.,-33-,36.A.control B.care C.advantage D.note 37.A.taken i

33、n B.picked up C.tracked down D.helped out 38.A.greet B.thank C.invite D.meet 39.A.present B.introduce C.take D.organize 40.A.driver B.doctor C.librarian D.teacher 41.A.given B.marked C.passed D.conducted 42.A.speaking to B.waiting for C.returning to D.looking for,-34-,43.A.learned B.noticed C.mentio

34、ned D.doubted 44.A.sleep B.cry C.move D.recover 45.A.ran over B.went by C.carried D.hit 46.A.remembered B.continued C.prepared D.managed 47.A.witnessed B.recorded C.praised D.understood 48.A.appeared B.reacted C.escaped D.interrupted 49.A.delay B.accident C.mistake D.experience,-35-,50.A.airport B.h

35、ospital C.school D.police 51.A.happy B.fortunate C.touched D.sorry 52.A.survive B.retire C.relax D.succeed 53.A.project B.trip C.dinner D.duty 54.A.bravery B.skill C.quality D.knowledge 55.A.necessary B.easy C.different D.free,-36-,【语篇导读】教师Harvold在和学生乘车的途中,巴士司机突发心脏病,致使车辆失控,在这千钧一发之际,没有获得驾照的这位老师迅速作出反应

36、,成功控制了巴士,从而避免了一场车毁人亡的交通事故。,-37-,答案及解析 36.A 由语境可知:巴士司机心脏病发作了(suffered a serious heart attack),再根据第二段描述的当时的场景可知,司机趴倒在方向盘上,失去了知觉,无法再操控巴士了,因此这位英语老师即后面提到的Harvold控制了巴士。take control of sth.“控制某物”。 37.B 句中“from Gatwick airport”说明这些学生和另外三位课程主管是从机场坐的巴士,故选“picked sb.up”意思是“去接载某人”。take in “理解、领会”;track down“追踪到

37、”;help out“帮分担工作”。 38.D 由语境可知:这些学生是去英国伯恩茅斯一家语言学校学习语言的,因此他们乘坐巴士去他们的寄宿家庭与房东见面。meet在句中表示“初次与人结识;见面”。 39.C 文中出现的人物有学生、老师、课程主管,地点有ABC语言学校,因此可推测,这些学生是要去语言学校上课的。take a course “上课”。,-38-,40.D 根据第一段第一句提到的“A young English teacher saved the lives of 30 students.”以及下文的信息可知,这位英语老师正是Harvold。 41.C 根据最后一段最后一句提到的驾校给

38、Harvold提供学车的课程可以判断他还没有通过驾照考试。 42.A Harvold和学生们一起乘坐巴士去寄宿家庭,根据这一情景可知speaking to符合语境。当时他正和学生们在车上交谈。 43.B Harvold正和学生们交谈的时候,巴士失控撞到了路旁的树上,这时,Harvold应当是朝着司机的方向看过去,所以notice符合语境。 44.C 本题所在句子的下一句提到司机不省人事,因此选项C符合句意。 45.D 上文提到巴士撞到了路边的树木,根据本题所在的句子可知巴士的前玻璃因撞击而破碎了,因此hit符合语境。,-39-,46.D 上文提到Harvold救了30个学生的性命,因此可判断他

39、成功控制了已失控的巴士。manage to do sth.“设法做成某事”。 47.C Harvold成功控制了失控的巴士,避免了更糟糕的局面,警察对此行为应当是赞扬的,因此praised符合语境。 48.B 在巴士失控的危机关头,需要的是快速反应,所以选reacted。 49.B 失控的巴士如果不尽快得到控制会造成更严重的事故(accident),因此选项B符合语境。 50.C 本题所在的句子提到,老师和学生对这位巴士司机评价很好。因此可推断,他经常和这所学校(school)合作。 51.A 学生们安然无恙,作为老师,Harvold应当是感到高兴的,所以happy符合语境。,-40-,52.

40、A 上文提到巴士司机没能苏醒,还是遇难了。本题所在的句子的后半句表达了Harvold的愿望,希望这位司机能活下来就好了。因此survive符合语境。 53.B 根据本题所在句子中的thanking him.可知学校奖励了Harvold,四个选项中只有trip符合语境。weekend trip“周末旅行”。 54.A 逻辑推理题。根据上文可知,Harvold在危急关头,快速反应,避免了更糟糕的事故的发生,因此这是一次勇敢的行为。 55.D 由句子中的“also”可知,驾校也对Harvold的英勇行为给予了奖励:免费学习6节驾校课程,因此free“免费的”符合语境。,-41-,【真题3】(2017

41、6浙江) Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq.Her library used to be a 36 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge.They 37 various matters all over the world.When the war was near,Alia was 38 that the fires of war would destroy the books,which are more 39 to her than mountains of gold.The

42、 books are in every language new books,ancient books, 40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.,-42-,She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42 place,but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands. 43 ,she brought books home every night, 44 her ca

43、r late after work.Her friends came to 45 her when the war broke out.Anis who owned a restaurant 46 to hide some books.All through the 47 ,Alia,Anis,his brothers and neighbours took the books from the library, 48 them over the seven-foot wall and 49 them in the restaurant.The books stayed hidden as t

44、he war 50 .Then nine days later,a fire burned the 51 to the ground. One day,the bombing stopped and the 52 left.But the war was not over yet.Alia knew that if the books were to be safe,they must be 53 again while the city was 54 .So she hired a truck to bring all the books to the houses of friends i

45、n the suburbs(郊区).Now Alia waited for the war to end and 55 peace and a new library.,-43-,36.A.meeting B.working C.personal D.religious 37.A.raised B.handled C.reported D.discussed 38.A.worried B.angry C.doubtful D.curious 39.A.practical B.precious C.reliable D.expensive 40.A.then B.still C.even D.r

46、ather 41.A.permission B.confirmation C.explanation D.information 42.A.large B.public C.distant D.safe,-44-,43.A.Fortunately B.Surprisingly C.Seriously D.Secretly 44.A.starting B.parking C.filling D.testing 45.A.stop B.help C.warn D.rescue 46.A.intended B.pretended C.happened D.agreed 47.A.war B.nigh

47、t C.building D.way 48.A.put B.opened C.passed D.threw 49.A.hid B.exchanged C.burnt D.distributed,-45-,50.A.approached B.erupted C.continued D.ended 51.A.restaurant B.library C.city D.wall 52.A.neighbours B.soldiers C.friends D.customers 53.A.sold B.read C.saved D.moved 54.A.occupied B.bombed C.quiet

48、 D.busy 55.A.dreamed of B.believed in C.cared about D.looked for,-46-,【语篇导读】艾莉雅贝克是一位伊拉克的图书管理员,图书馆就是她和图书爱好者们交流探讨的地方。她十分珍惜这些书。战争爆发后,她和朋友几经周折,先把图书转移到饭店,然后转移到郊区朋友的家里,拼尽全力保住了这些图书。,-47-,答案及解析 36.A 艾莉雅贝克是图书管理员,她的图书馆就是图书爱好者们交流知识的聚会场所,故选meeting。personal“个人的”;religious“宗教的”。 37.D 他们讨论世界上的各种问题。raise“提出;抚养”;han

49、dle“处理”;report“报道”;discuss“讨论”。 38.A 根据后面的“the fires of war would destroy the books”可知这里表示担心,她担心战火会毁掉图书。doubtful“怀疑的”;curious“好奇的”。 39.B 对她来说,这些书比金山还要珍贵。因此选precious,意思是“宝贵的”。practical“实际的”,reliable“可靠的”,expensive“昂贵的”,均不符合题意。 40.C 这些书使用了不同的语言,有新书,有古书,甚至有一本已经有七百年历史的书,它是关于伊拉克历史的。这里填even,是递进关系,表示后面提到的书更珍贵。,-48-,41.A 她曾经请求政府允许她把书转移到一个安全的地方,但是政府拒绝了她的请求。permission“许可,允许”;confirmation“确认”;explanation“解释”;information“信息”。 42.D 前文提到战火,因此这里指一个安全的地方。故选safe。 43.D 她只好自己想办法。她每天晚上偷偷地把书搬回家里。fortunately“幸运地”;surprisingly“令人吃惊地”;seriously“严肃地”;secretly“秘密地”。 44.C