criticalthinking阅读时的批判性思维课件.ppt

1、criticalthinking阅读时的批判性思维阅读时的批判性思维2020/11/302Part I:(Paras.1 4)What is critical thinking?(definition)Para.1:Its a system for opening every existing system.Para.2:Or,critical thinking is thinking that analyzes thought,that assesses thought,and that transforms thought for the better.Para.2:(There is a

2、 third way to talk about critical thinking)Its thinking about thinking while thinking in order to think better.Para.4:In other words,critical thinking,transforms thinking in two directions:more systematically and more comprehensively.2020/11/303Part II:(Paras.5 6)Critical thinking is important.Para.

3、5:Its important because we,as creatures,are deeply determined by our thinking.Para.6:Our future as a species is dependent on whether we can develop the wherewithal to raise our collective thinking so as to produce positive changes in societies across the world.2020/11/304Part III:(Paras.7 10):The ta

4、sk of developing critical societies is a Herculean one.Para.7:topic sentence and background information.Paras.8-10:There are many barriers to critical thought.-Para.8:human egocentricity,sociocentricity,self-delusion,narrow-mindedness -Para.9:fear,human insecurity,human habits,bureaucracy2020/11/305

5、-Para.10:Then for us who are teaching,student resistance to critical thinking is an obstacle.mistaken notions,ignorance,our limited knowledge,stubbornness,our activated ignorance,(finally)our resistance to doing the intellectual work.2020/11/306Part IV(Paras.11 15):How do we cultivate critical think

6、ing?Paras.11 and 12:This can be done only person-by-person through a process,which we call intellectual work.Think of the“Elements of Thought”.Are we in the habit of asking questions?Paras.13 15:What standards do you use to assess your thinking and the thinking of others?“I use the standards of clar

7、ity,accuracy,precision,relevance,depth,breadth,logic and fairness.”2020/11/307The last two paras.:conclusionOur students should learn to think critically so as to know how to change their thinking in keeping with the changes of the world.2020/11/308 What is critical thinking?Why is it important for

8、us?Why is it so difficult?How can we cultivate it?2020/11/309 Critic comes from the Ancient Greek,meaning a person who offers reasoned judgment or analysis,and criticism is the activity of judgment or informed interpretation,which can be synonymous with analysis.2020/11/3010 Being critical in academ

9、ic terms refers to two broad characteristics of a researchers way of thinking.A critical researcher is always questioning.asking question/expressing doubts:nothing is taken for granted.scrutinizing evidence:Where there is a claim made,clarify the evidence that supports.1.drawing a conclusion:check i

10、f the claims in question are credible-or not!2020/11/3011A critical researcher is open-minded,respectful of others(even while perhaps challenging their work),and constructive.The objective of critical research is to advance knowledge,not to build ones own reputation or damage someone elses.2020/11/3

11、012 So,how do you understand“being critical”in reading?2020/11/3013 read between lines be inquisitive judge credibility comment rationally reflect on oneself for improvement2020/11/3014read between lines:thinking carefully about what you read and why:not just looking for and reading the obvious2020/

12、11/3015 be inquisitive:questioning and testing what you read,e.g.“do the authors viewpoints and ideas appear justified?Why-or why not?”asking good questions of others and of yourself(1)exploring further what is not adequately discussed in what you read 2020/11/3016 judge credibility:judging what is

13、believable and what is not spotting and challenging potential bias,distorted views,prejudice,and self-interest-in the work of others,and in your own thinking challenging ideas-where appropriate,and based on credible evidence 2020/11/3017comment rationally:not just repeating the ideas of others,but l

14、ooking for connections(or disparities),and constructing your own arguments supported by a range carefully considered viewpoints2020/11/3018reflect for improvement:looking for gaps,and putting forward new or different solutions;(1)adapting your plan,your goal,your way of reading and learning based on

15、 your developing insights2020/11/3019 What is the“critical thinking”stairway?What do people do when they think critically?2020/11/3020When you have a problem,or simply when you want to do sth.,or achieve a certain goal,what do you do to arrive at the final destination?2020/11/3021Sherlock Holmes and

16、 John Watson have never met each other but they are going to share a flat.When they meet for the first time,they must wonder:Who is the guy and what is he like?How did Holmes get the answers?How did Watson get the answers?2020/11/3022 Question observation processing information(analyzing what is see

17、n and recognizing logical relationship between the visible and the invisible)assumption putting the assumption to test reconstructing belief arriving at accurate conclusion2020/11/3023 puzzled waiting to be told the answer2020/11/3024Critical Thinking“Stairway”Questions/problems/plan/goal,etc.observ

18、ation:gathering relevant informationprocessing information:analyzing,comparing,synthesizing,recognizing logical relationship between the visible and the invisibleassumption:Recognizing the existence(or non-existence)of logical relationships between information;drawing warranted conclusions and generalizations test:putting the assumption to test,verifying if it is accurateReconstruction:reconstructing your patterns of beliefs on the basis of wider experience if previous assumption proves to be inaccurate1.Conclusion/judgment:rendering an accurate judgment谢谢！