不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较3.docx

1、不定式、分词、动名词作定语时的比较A作前置定语 现在分词、过去分词、动名词 可以作前置定语，而不定式不能作前置定语。 如： a developing country , a developed country ; boiling water，boiled water ; building materials , a swimming pool ; the sleeping boy , the coming new year 。 辨异的方法很简单：现在分词具有主动、进行的特点，而过去分词则具有被动、完成的特点。例如： a developing country=a country which is

2、 developing (发展中国家 )； boiling water=water which is boiling(正在滚开的水 ) ; a developed country=a country which has developed（发达国家 ）； boiled water=water which has been boiled(已滚开过的水)。现在分词和动名词同形，但作前置定语时，动名词表示所修饰的名词的用途， 例如：building materials = materials for building; a swimming pool = a pool for swimming ；而

3、现在分词作前置定语时，表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，两者是逻辑上的主谓关系。 例如：the sleeping boy=the boy who is sleeping ; the coming new year=the new year that is coming 。B作后置定语 不定式、现在分词、过去分词都能作作后置定语，而动名词不作后置定语。先看例句： The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. The problem discussed discussed at the meeting is very im

4、portant. The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. 辨析比较：上面例句分别用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作后置定语，是因为它们存在不同的情况：不定式作定语，表示动作正要进行（未发生）；现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行（正在发生）；过去分词作定语，表示动作已完成（已发生）。据此，我们可以把上面的例句还原为定语从句作定语的句子，这样学生就更容易理解：The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important. = The problem ( whic

5、h is ) to be discussed at the meeting is very important.The problem discussed at the meeting is very important. = The problem (which was ) discussed at the meeting is very important.The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important. = The problem (which is ) being discussed at the meeting is very Important.动名词的复合结构有四种形式： 形容词性物主代词动名词； 名词s动名词； 代词宾格动名词； 名词动名词。