Unit 4 Extended Reading 知识点ppt课件 --（2020版）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册.pptx

1、知 识 点wordsphrasessentencespractice1234目录standoutatomicbombevilmysteryfreedomthe right to do what you want without being controlled or restricted by anyoneused about a person or thing in a group that is much better than all the restrelating to the energy produced by splitting atoms or the weapons tha

2、t use this energyan event,situation etc that people do not understand or cannot explain because they do not know enough about itmorally bad,cruel,or very unpleasant a weapon made of material that will explode It represented the destruction of people and it put our future at risk.(Lines3-4)它意味着人的毁灭，并

3、使我们的未来岌岌可危。它意味着人的毁灭，并使我们的未来岌岌可危。Para.1 I had to ask myself,“Is there some evil involved in science?”(Lines4-5)科学里是不是有罪恶？科学里是不是有罪恶？involve vt.:1)if an activity or situation involves something,that thing is part of it or a result of it 包含；需要包含；需要 2)to include or affect someone or something 涉及涉及；影响；影响

4、3)to take part actively in a particular activity (使使)参加参加eg How many people were involved in the staff cutbacks?裁员涉及多少？裁员涉及多少？Para.1get/be involved in 参与参与；卷入；卷入；聚精会神于聚精会神于involve doing sth.包括做某事包括做某事involve sb.in(doing)sth.使使某人参与做某某人参与做某事事【归纳归纳】eg As the secretary of the boss,what will your job inv

5、olve?How many people were involved in the accident?The job involves me traveling all over the country.Try to involve as many children as possible in the game.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。1)There was a serious traffic incident _(涉及一群年轻人涉及一群年轻人).2)Tom _(热衷于集邮热衷于集邮).3)_(家务事包括做饭家务事包括做饭),washing dis

6、hes,sweeping and cleaning.involving a group of youthsis involved in collecting stampsHousework involves cookingPara.2Of course,if we make good things,it is not only to the credit of science;it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.(翻译翻译)当然，如果我们做了善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于当然，如果我们做了

7、善事，不仅归功于科学，还归功于引导我们行善的道德选择。引导我们行善的道德选择。credit n.:approval or praise that you give to someone for something they have done 赞扬赞扬，认可，认可eg We dont mind who gets the credit as long as we dont get the blame.谁受表扬都无所谓，只要我们不挨批评。谁受表扬都无所谓，只要我们不挨批评。Para.3credit vt.:1)to add money to a bank account 存入存入金额金额 2)if

8、 something is credited to someone or something,they have achieved it or are the reason for it 把把归于归于eg The cheque has been credited to your account.They credited him with the discovery.moral adj.1)relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behaviour,and with the difference between good an

9、d evil 道德道德的的；2)based on your ideas about what is right,rather than on what is legal or practical 道义道义上的上的；3)always behaving in a way that is based on strong principles about what is right and wrong 品行品行端正端正的的eg The article says that an increase in crime indicates serous problems with moral standard

10、s.文章说犯罪活动增多表明道德标准方面出现了严重的问题。文章说犯罪活动增多表明道德标准方面出现了严重的问题。A man has a moral duty to obey the law.每个人每个人都在道德上有义务遵守法律。都在道德上有义务遵守法律。The people who will be on the committee are moral,cultured,competent people.进入进入委员会的人要品行端正，有文化，有能力。委员会的人要品行端正，有文化，有能力。moral n.1)Morals are principles and beliefs concerning ri

11、ght and wrong behaviour.道德；道德；2)a practical lesson about what to do or how to behave,which you learn from a story or from something that happens to you 寓意寓意eg They have no morals.他们他们没有一点品行。没有一点品行。The moral of the film was that crime does not pay.这这部电影的寓意是犯罪是没好结果的。部电影的寓意是犯罪是没好结果的。but it does not car

12、ry instructions on how to apply it.但它没有自带说明该如何运用。但它没有自带说明该如何运用。apply vt.:to use something such as a method,idea,or law in a particular situation,activity,or process 应用应用apply.to.把把应用于应用于 apply v.:to request something,usually officially,especially by writing or sending in a form 申请申请；请求请求apply for.申请

13、申请apply to.for.向向申请申请 Para.3apply v.:to put or spread something such as paint,liquid,or medicine onto a surface 贴贴，涂，敷，涂，敷apply.to.把把贴贴/涂涂/敷到敷到apply v.:to have an effect on or to concern a particular person,group,or situation 适用适用apply to.适用于适用于【拓展拓展】apply oneself to./apply ones minds to.致力于致力于，专心于，

14、专心于application n.应用应用applicant n.申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）申请人（尤指求职、进高等学校等）用所给词的正确形式填空。用所给词的正确形式填空。1)His _(apply)for membership of the organization was rejected.2)Please clean the wound with a clean cloth and then apply the medicine _ it.3)Later I decided to apply my previous experience to _(learn)how to read

15、 and write.application to learning Never concerned that the answer may let us down,with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.(翻译翻译)我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始我们从不担心答案可能会令人失望，总是快乐而自信地开始每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇

16、古怪的东西，随之每一次新探索，发现一些意想不到、稀奇古怪的东西，随之而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。而来的是更加奇妙的问题和奥秘。let sb down:to disappoint someone by failing to do what you agreed to do or were expected to do 使某人失望使某人失望Para.4eg Im sorry that I have let you down.对不起，我让你失望了。对不起，我让你失望了。You will be there tomorrow-you wont let me down,will you?明天明天你会去那

17、里的你会去那里的你不会让我失望，对吧？你不会让我失望，对吧？The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty,and this experience is of very great importance.科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重科学家经常会经历无知、疑惑和不确定，而这种经历是十分重要的。要的。ignorance n.:lack of knowledge or information about something 无知无知拓展拓展ignorant adj.

18、不了解的，无知的，愚昧的不了解的，无知的，愚昧的Para.5eg It is said that poverty and ignorance are the enemies of progress.有人说，贫穷和无知是进步之敌。有人说，贫穷和无知是进步之敌。We remain ignorant of the causes of this disease.我们对这个疾病的起因仍然一无所知。我们对这个疾病的起因仍然一无所知。Now,we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know

19、.(翻译翻译)现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全现在，我们科学家理所当然地认为，人类生而有所不知是完全有可能的。有可能的。take it for granted:to believe that something is true without making sure 想当然想当然地认为，认为地认为，认为是理所当然是理所当然eg He just took it for granted that I would follow his advice.他还想当然地认为我会听从他的建议。他还想当然地认为我会听从他的建议。Para.6take sb./sth.for granted(

20、因习以为常因习以为常)对对不予重视，（因视为当然而）不把不予重视，（因视为当然而）不把当当回回事事eg Her parents were always there and she just took them for granted.她她的父母随时都出现在她身边，她却认为他们理应如此。的父母随时都出现在她身边，她却认为他们理应如此。汉译英。汉译英。1)汤姆认为父母为他所做的一切都是理所当然的汤姆认为父母为他所做的一切都是理所当然的。2)我认为女孩子对穿衣很讲究是理所当然的。我认为女孩子对穿衣很讲究是理所当然的。Tom took for granted all that his parents

21、did for him.I take it for granted that girls are particular about clothes.Permit us to questions-to doubt-to not be sure.permit vt.&vi.1)to allow something to happen,especially by an official decision,rule,or law 允许允许，准许，许可；，准许，许可；2)to make it possible for something to happen 使使有可能有可能 n.an official

22、written statement giving you the right to do something 许可证许可证 a work/travel/parking permit 工作工作旅游停车许可证旅游停车许可证Para.6permit doing sth.允许做某事允许做某事permit sb.do sth.允许某人做某事允许某人做某事eg Dogs are not permitted in the building.不得不得携狗进入楼内携狗进入楼内.We do not permit smoking in the office.在在我们的办公室里不准吸烟我们的办公室里不准吸烟.We d

23、ont permit consulting the dictionary during the exam.考试考试期间期间，我们不允许查字典。，我们不允许查字典。As a punishment,she was not permitted to attend any school activities.作为作为惩罚，不允许她参加学校的任何活动。惩罚，不允许她参加学校的任何活动。8.It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought,to

24、declare the value of this freedom;to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed;and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.(翻译翻译)作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们作为科学家，我们明白巨大进步源于思想自由，因此，我们有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，有责任声明这一自由的价值；有责任教育人们不必害怕疑惑，而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈

25、要求这一自由，这就而要欢迎疑惑、讨论疑惑；有责任强烈要求这一自由，这就是我们对后世的义务。是我们对后世的义务。responsibility n.1)a duty to be in charge of someone or something,so that you make decisions and can be blamed if something bad happens 责任责任 2)something that you ought to do because it is morally or socially right道德、社会道德、社会责任，责任，义务义务have respons

26、ibility for(doing)sth.有有(做做)某事的责任某事的责任its ones responsibility to do sth.某人某人有责任做某事有责任做某事take responsibility for(doing)sth.承担承担(做做)某事的责任某事的责任a sense of responsibility 责任感责任感 We need to take responsibility for looking after our own health.我们我们必须对自己的健康负责。必须对自己的健康负责。Its your responsibility to inform us

27、of any changes.如如有任何变动，你有责任通知我们。有任何变动，你有责任通知我们。Parents need to encourage a sense of responsibility in their children.父母父母应鼓励自己的孩子要有责任感。应鼓励自己的孩子要有责任感。翻译：翻译：eg The government declared a state of emergency following the tsunami.海啸过后，政府宣布进入紧急状态。海啸过后，政府宣布进入紧急状态。declare vt.1)to state officially and public

28、ly that a particular situation exists or that something is true 公布，宣布；公布，宣布；2)to say publicly what you think or feel 表明，宣称表明，宣称；3)to state on an official government form how much money you have earned,what property you own etc申报申报declare war on 向向宣战宣战declare that 宣布宣布/宣称宣称 declare against/for sb/sth

29、 声明反对声明反对/赞成（支持）赞成（支持）declare to be 宣布宣布/宣称宣称是是eg Angry residents have declared war on the owners of the factory.气愤的居民已经向工厂主宣战。气愤的居民已经向工厂主宣战。The court declared that Browns case should be reviewed.法庭法庭宣布要对布朗的案子进行复查宣布要对布朗的案子进行复查。Most people declared for peace and against war.大多数人声明拥护和平，反对战争。大多数人声明拥护和平

30、，反对战争。She was declared(to be)guilty.已宣判她有罪已宣判她有罪.declare与与announcedeclare用于正式场合用于正式场合,指指“清清楚而有力地公开让人楚而有力地公开让人知道知道”,如公开宣布战如公开宣布战争、和平、中立等争、和平、中立等The U.N.has declared it to be a safe zone.announce 把人们关心或感兴趣把人们关心或感兴趣的事正式公布于众的事正式公布于众,常常含有含有“预告预告”的意思的意思It is announced that their wedding will take place ne

31、xt week.The boy announced that he was going to try out his toy plane that afternoon.都都含有含有“明确地声明或宣布明确地声明或宣布”的意思的意思翻译下面句子。翻译下面句子。1)他们宣布他为获胜者。他们宣布他为获胜者。2)这地区已宣布为国家公园这地区已宣布为国家公园。3)他声称自己是无罪的。他声称自己是无罪的。The area has been declared(to be)a national park.They declared him to be the winner.He declared that he

32、 was innocent.2.Never concerned that the answer may let us down,with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.find unimagined strangeness leading on to 是是find+宾语宾语+宾补结宾补结构，构，strangeness与与lead是主动关系，用现在分词短语是

33、主动关系，用现在分词短语leading on to作宾补。作宾补。1)“find+宾语宾语+宾语补足宾语补足语语”结构中，作宾语补足语的可以是过结构中，作宾语补足语的可以是过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等。find sb./sth.done 发现某人发现某人/某物被某物被 find sb./sth.doing 发现发现某人某人/某某物正在做物正在做 find sb./sth.+adj./adv./n./prep.觉得某人觉得某人/某物某物eg I find him the man who saved me.(名词名词)Li M

34、ing found himself wet when he arrived home.(形容词形容词)When I came to,I found myself in my mothers arms.(介词短语介词短语)我我发现这项工作令人厌烦。发现这项工作令人厌烦。我我发现他在自己的房间里。发现他在自己的房间里。(翻译翻译)I found the job boring.I found him in his own room.We _ in the garden.我们我们发现他正在花园里干活。发现他正在花园里干活。When he came home _.当当他回到家的时候，他发现门是关着的。他

35、回到家的时候，他发现门是关着的。found him working he found the door closed2)find+宾语宾语+adj.+to do eg 男孩发现这本小说很难读懂。男孩发现这本小说很难读懂。(翻译翻译)The boy found the novel difficult to read.3)find+it+adj.+to do eg 我发现很难同他的兄弟相处。我发现很难同他的兄弟相处。(翻译翻译)I found it hard to get along with his brother.翻译句子。翻译句子。1)他们在森林中发现他受伤了。他们在森林中发现他受伤了。2)

36、当我们到达时，发现他在睡觉。当我们到达时，发现他在睡觉。They found him injured in the forest.When we arrived,we found him in bed.3.It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought,to declare the value of this freedom;to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welco

37、med and discussed;and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.这是一个长句，这是一个长句，句首是句首是it是形式主语是形式主语，真正的主语是三个并列的真正的主语是三个并列的动词不定式短语动词不定式短语(to declare,to teach,and to demand)；knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought是动词是动词 ing形式充当形式充当原因状语原因状语。Observe the verbs i

38、n different situations1.When a scientist doesnt know the anwer to a problem,he is ignorant.When he has an idea as to what the result is,he is uncertain.And when he is pretty sure of what the result is going to be,he is still in some doubt.(line27-29)2.It is our responsibility as scientists,knowing t

39、he great progress that is the fruit of freedom of though,to declare the value of this freedom;to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed,and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations(line37-40)parallel structure PracticeCanyouimitatethesesentences?Obse

40、rve the verbs in different situationsparallel structure love is.;love is.;love is.;Canyouimitatethesesentences?parallel structure Study makes me.;study makes me.study makes me.同步导练115面1.What caused Richard Feynman to question the vatue of science?A.His repeated failure in scientific research.B.Peopl

41、es ignorance and misunderstanding of science at that time.C.Some disastrous effects brought by science in the war.D.Other scientists negative comments on the value of science.2.How many values of science are referred to in the lecture?A.2.B.3.C.4.D.5.3.What does“the intellectual enjoyment mean accor

42、ding to Richard?A.Science is great fun and people take delight in learning science.B.Science is complex and can help people become clever.C.Science is unlimited and people get pleasure from making constant discoveries.D.Science is developing and people enjoy the ever-changing scientific knowledge.4.

43、Why is it important for scientists to have the experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty?A.Because science is based on ignorance and doubt and uncertainty.B.Because scientists also need to live a common life.C.Because this experience once helped scientists fight against authority.D.Because

44、 this experience can motivate scientists to go a long way in their exploration.Beforeuseful and goodThinkingenabling powerThe intellectual enjoymentThe freedom to doubtPersonal experience_ the warDuring the warConsidering science_Working on the atomic bomb all the time_ about some evil involved in science due to the serious aftermathAn _ to do all kinds of things_Ideas on the value of science同步导练116面