Unit 1 Welcome to the unit — Reading单词用法讲解ppt课件 -（2020版）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册.pptx

1、单词课堂版本：新译林版本：新译林 单元：必修三单元：必修三 Unit 1(Welcome to the unit Reading)本单元词汇梳理1.harm：精准的汉语释义“伤害；损害”词块：do/cause harm to 名词动词化；派生词：harmful,harmless2.ecosystem：eco-(环境的；生态的)+system3.overseas：over(across 越过)+sea；adv 同义词：abroad4.continent：con-(with,together 共同)+tin(to hold)+-ent(形容词词缀)词源故事：古代人以为所有的大地都是连接在一起的，在

2、拉丁语中将这片大地称为terra continens，翻译成英语是continent land。英语单词continent就来自拉丁语continens(hold together，连接为一体)，原本是一个形容词，意为“连绵不断的”。continent的名词其实是 continent land的缩略形式。词块：the Asian/African/American continent5.million：词块：millions of；拓展：billion6.length：词块：in length,at length；词族：long,length,lengthen7.biodiversity：bio

3、-(生物)+diversity(多样性)8.species：单复数同形；词块：endangered species 9.variety：词族：vary,varied,various,variety 词块：a(wide)variety of(=different kinds of)10.wildlife：wild+life11.beneath：正式用语，对应under12.mass：词块：a mass of/masses of=a lot of/lots of,mass production13.towering：构词 tower(v)+-ing(分词形容词)14.living：来自live；词

4、块：living things,living conditions,make/earn a/ones living 辨析alive和living：living多作前置定语，alive多作表语，后置定语或补语15.survive：sur-(over,beyond 超过)+vive(to live 活)比活得长 词族：survive,survival,survivor16.insect：in-(使)+-sect(切、分)(古代西方看到蚂蚁、甲虫等昆虫大多数都有一个共同特点，身体都是一节一节的，因此以为昆虫都是这样的。)17.microorganism：micro-(small 微小的)+organ

5、ism(生物)18.break down：基本义：打碎；打破19.carbon：词块：carbon dioxide(CO2),low-carbon lifestyle,carbon footprint20.thus：同义词 therefore；句子副词21.disappear：dis-+appear 词族：appear,disappear,appearance,disappearance22.due to=because of，due to更为正式23.agriculture：agri-(field 田地)+culture(cultivation 种植)农业 派生词：agricultural；

6、词块：agricultural crops24.cattle：指牛的总称，不能说a cattle；词块：twenty head of cattle25.impact：im-（into 入）+pact（to fasten 系紧；压紧）向内压紧 撞击 进行抽象的撞击 影响 词块：have/make an impact on26.extinction：extinct(adj 灭绝的)+-tion 词块：mass extinction 27.damage：精准的汉语释义“损害；损坏”词块：cause/do damage to28.climate：隐喻：具体的“气候”抽象的“风气”“环境气氛”词块：cl

7、imate change 29.build up：基本义：（逐渐）建立harm精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义variety&various写作高级词写作高级词impact熟词生义熟词生义精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义辨析义辨析义damage重难点词精讲mass一词多义一词多义break down一词多义一词多义熟词生义熟词生义survive熟词生义熟词生义build up一词多义一词多义harm n U 伤害；损害；危害：伤害；损害；危害：He may not be able to help but theres no harm in asking him.do/cause harm to /do

8、/cause.harm 伤害；对伤害；对有害：有害：Human activities have done/caused much/great harm to the environment.vt 伤害；损害：伤害；损害：Dont harm your eyes by reading in a poor light.Too much TV-watching can harm childrens ability to learn.2010 辽宁词汇拓展词汇拓展 harmless adj 无害的无害的 反反 harmful harmful R3 adj 有害的有害的 反反 harmless：the h

9、armful effects of tobacco Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people.differentvariousvarieddiffer“不同不同”头脑风暴头脑风暴说到说到“不同的不同的”英文单词，大家首先英文单词，大家首先想到的是不是想到的是不是“different”？也许有？也许有些小伙伴还能想到些小伙伴还能想到various，varied，differ这些词。虽说都可以这些词。虽说都可以用来用来表达表达“不同的不同的”之意，但是如果在写作中之意，但是如果在写作中用对了词，你的书面表达将会大

10、大的用对了词，你的书面表达将会大大的“不同不同”。vary v vi（大小、形状等）相异；不同（大小、形状等）相异；不同(differ)：vary considerably/greatly/widely vary from person to person 2019 全国Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.vi 变化；变化；vt 改变：改变：The weather here varies from hour to hour.My doctor said I should vary my d

11、iet more.varied adj 各种各样的；形形色色的各种各样的；形形色色的variety n U 多样性；变化：多样性；变化：Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.2009 重庆 C（动植物、语言等的）种类；品种：（动植物、语言等的）种类；品种：different varieties of English a variety of 种种；各种各样的：种种；各种各样的：The club offers a wide variety of games to the local teenagers.various adj 不同的；各种各样的不

12、同的；各种各样的 (different)：various kinds of theme parks She decided to move to the countryside for various reasons.variously adv 各种各样地各种各样地在平时学习中，我们可以进行两种形式的词义转换练习。写作方向写作方向：用高级词替换一些常用的低级词，为书面表达增色。阅读方向阅读方向：用常见的容易理解的词去替换阅读中的高级词，帮助更好的理解。一句多译一句多译（写作方向）（写作方向）有种类繁多的图书可供选择。有种类繁多的图书可供选择。(variety)(different)(vario

13、us)(range)1.There is a wide variety of books to choose from.2.There are different kinds of books to choose from.3.There are various sorts of books to choose from.4.There is a wide range of books to choose from.看图猜词大众传媒批量生产大众文化/娱乐大规模灭绝massmass n C 团；块；堆：团；块；堆：a mass of rockslarge masses of clouds 许多；

14、大量：许多；大量：a mass of/masses of:Ive got a mass of things to do this morning.Wherever the Beatles went,masses of fans would welcome them at the airport.the masses 群众；民众：群众；民众：The trains provide cheap travel for the masses.U（物理学）质量（物理学）质量 adj 只用于名词前 民众的；大规模的：民众的；大规模的：a mass protestmass production【词汇拓展词汇拓

15、展】massive adj 巨大的；大而重的；大规模的：巨大的；大而重的；大规模的：A massive earthquake hit central Italy in August 2016,killing at least 247 people.survive我不是药神（英文译名Dying to survive）是由文牧野执导，宁浩、徐峥共同监制的剧情片。该片于2018年7月5日在中国上映。影片讲述了徐峥扮演的程勇从一个交不起房租的小商贩，一跃成为印度仿制药“格列宁”独家代理商的故事。电影展现了一群人为了生存下去而苦苦挣扎。影片有笑有泪，还有思考。在生活小细节的层层推进下，导演将小人物的日常

16、平凡、卑微、无甚波澜的生活带到了更为深远的一步。survive vt 比活得长：She survived her husband by ten years.vi&vt 幸存（于）：A significant number of jaguars survive in the jungle.He survived the earthquake.注：不能说He survived from/after/in the earthquake.vi&vt 挺过；熬过：How do you survive on such a low salary?vi 保存下来：Some old customs have s

17、urvived into the present.survive v survive 语义网络语义网络图图在灾难中活得长（具体）寿命活得长（人）在困境中活得长（抽象）物品或者风俗活得长（具体）幸存（于）挺过；熬过保存；留存比某人活得长比活得长（基本义）survivor n C 幸存者 survival n U 幸存；继续生存：the survival of the fittest C 幸存物；残存物：The ceremony is a survival from pre-Christian times.词汇拓展泰坦尼克号这部电影讲述了泰坦尼克号这艘豪华游轮在航行时由于撞上了冰山而沉没，男主杰克

18、（Jack）为了救女主露丝（Rose）而冻死在冰冷的海水中的故事。在泰坦尼克号缓缓下沉时，杰克带着露丝跑到船尾，爬上栏杆坚持到泰坦尼克号沉没。最后杰克将露丝推上一块漂浮木板。露丝要比杰克活得长。Rose survived Jack.露丝在这次沉船事故中幸存下来。Rose survived the accident.杰克为了露丝能够存活下来，不断地鼓励她，而自己却冻死在寒冷的海水里。多年后寻宝探险家布洛克从沉船上打捞起一个锈迹斑斑的保险柜。露丝在冰冷的海上挺了过来最终获救。Rose survived the frozen sea and was rescued in the end.他发现里面有

19、一幅素描画留存至今。He found that a drawing had survived into the present.这幅素描由杰克为露丝所画。survive拓展视频：看图猜词break downbreak down（机器等）出故障；（身体等）垮掉；（情感等）失控：机器等）出故障；（身体等）垮掉；（情感等）失控：On my way to the station my car broke down.Her health broke down under the pressure of work.He broke down as he thought of his failure to

20、sell all his newspapers.2015 湖北（谈判等谈判等）失败失败:Talks between the two sides have broken down.把把分成若干部分分成若干部分:Each lesson is broken down into several units.打破；消除打破；消除:A smile can break down barriers.使分解：使分解：Decomposers break down dead animal and vegetable matter into nutrients.break down语义网络图语义网络图打碎、打破打碎、

21、打破break down（基本义）（基本义）出故障；坏掉出故障；坏掉垮掉垮掉“打碎、打破打碎、打破”健康健康（谈判）等失败（谈判）等失败“打碎、打破打碎、打破”谈判谈判“打碎、打破打碎、打破”具体物体具体物体打倒；砸破打倒；砸破“打碎、打破打碎、打破”一个整体一个整体“打碎、打破打碎、打破”人际关系人际关系把把分成若干分成若干部分部分打破；消除打破；消除“打碎、打破打碎、打破”物质物质使分解使分解“打碎、打破打碎、打破”工作系统工作系统 impact天地大冲撞（Deep Impact）是美国派拉蒙电影公司和梦工厂出品的科幻灾难电影。影片于1998年5月8日在北美上映。该片讲述了一颗彗星将要撞击

22、地球，灾难无法避免时，政府实行了最后的“方舟”计划，拯救地球的故事。impact vi&vt 正式用语 冲击；撞击（对某事物）有影响；有作用(affect)：Her fathers death impacted greatly on her childhood years.n U&C 撞击（力）；冲击（力）：The car hit the stone wall with great impact.影响；作用 a powerful effect or influence：French had a major impact on the English language.2014 湖北改Artif

23、icial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.2019 天津 im-（into 入）+pact（to fasten 系紧；压紧）向内压紧 撞击 进行抽象的撞击 影响根据所给汉语，完成句子。根据所给汉语，完成句子。Undoubtedly,technology is an important development,and it will _（对有重大影响）our lives.（2011 上海改）have a great impact on have a great effect on have a

24、great influence on 辨析damage,destroy,ruindamage和destroy可谓是形影不离的好朋友，想表达“遭到破坏”到底用哪个词才对呢？我们先来看一篇学生习作。U 损害；损坏；损失 harm or injury causedwhen sth is broken or spoiled：He was hit by a car and suffered serious brain damage.do/cause damage toThe problem is clear:man has done great damage to his home over the y

25、ears.2008 全国 C 复数 损害赔偿金：He was ordered to pay damages of$30,000.damage n 损害；损坏（名词动化）Dont damage your health for a good figure.侧重“损”，可修复damage vt 毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists：The building was completely destroyed by fire.【温故温故】消灭；杀死：The dog attacke

26、d a child and had to be destroyed.侧重“毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑destroy vt(必修二必修二 Unit 4)“被雨水毁了的头发被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？，用哪个词呢？The rain ruined my hair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。在这里，理解英语释义理解英语释义也很重要。destroy:to damage sth so badly that it can no longer be used or no longer exists ruin:

27、to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.糟蹋；糟蹋；（完全地完全地）毁坏毁坏 to damage sth so badly that it loses all its value,pleasure,etc.：Dont let a small disagreement ruin your friendship.使破产使破产 to make sb lose all his/her money：If she loses the court case it will ruin her.n U 毁灭；破产：毁灭；破产

28、：the ruin of civilization financial ruin C 常用复数 废墟；遗迹；残余：废墟；遗迹；残余：the ruins of Rome ruin vtin ruins 成废墟；严重受损：成废墟；严重受损：In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.文化拓展意大利的古罗马废墟(the ruins of Rome)，位于斗兽场之旁，是昔日古罗马帝国的中心，是现存世界最大面积的古罗马废墟。这座于公元72年由4万名战俘用8年时间建起来的巨大建筑，虽然毁坏严重，残破不堪，却是人类建筑史上的杰作。它的形状很像今

29、天的体育场，近50米高的外围墙是用砖石砌成的三层石柱拱廊，周围有80个出入口，里面的阶梯式座位能同时容纳5.5万名观众。小结运用运用精准的汉语释义精准的汉语释义和和英语释义英语释义区分区分damage,destroy和和ruin。damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损损”，表示可修复，常和badly、seriously等副词搭配；destroy 侧重“毁毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和completely、entirely等副词搭配；ruin 侧重“毁坏毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，但此物仍然存在。头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（d

30、estroy）了，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。build up 逐渐增加；扩大：逐渐增加；扩大：All the pressure built up and he was off work for weeks.逐步建立：He has built(up)his business over the years.建立体力：Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school life.基本义：基本义：build（建造）+up（向上）向上建造

31、向上建造 （逐渐）建立（逐渐）建立build up 语义网络语义网络图图逐渐逐渐“建立”企业等逐渐逐渐“建立”数量逐渐逐渐“建立”健康逐步建立；创建增强（的体质）逐渐增加；扩大（逐渐）建立（逐渐）建立build up（基本义）（基本义）本单元金句汇总本单元金句汇总1.He may not be able to help but theres no harm in asking him.2.Just like spoken language,body language varies from culture to culture.3.Chinese food is famous for its

32、wide variety.2009 重庆4.He survived the earthquake.5.Artificial intelligence has already made an impact on our lives in many ways.2019 天津 6.Dont damage your health for a good figure.7.Outdoor activities are really helpful in building up my body and enriching my school life.随堂检随堂检测测harm一、根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式

33、。一、根据汉语，写出单词的正确形式。1.Too much TV-watching can _(损害)childrens ability to learn.（2010 辽宁）2.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are _(有害的)to people.（2010 广东）二、翻译下列句子。乱扔垃圾使我们的学校脏乱，并且有损学校的形象。_Littering makes our school dirty,and does harm to the image of our school.harm harmful 1.Succulen

34、ts（多肉植物）come in different kinds of styles,sizes and colours.Succulents come in _(variety)styles,sizes and colours.2.People have different viewpoints and those differences may become conflict.People have _(vary)viewpoints and those differences may become conflict.3.The meaning of silence is different

35、 among cultural groups.（2016 全国）The meaning of silence _(vary)among cultural groups.variety&various根据括号内的提示改写下列句子，使句意保持不变。根据括号内的提示改写下列句子，使句意保持不变。a variety of varied/variousvaries 4.Even fast food places now offer“lean”(low-fat)hamburgers,roasted chicken,and salad bars with many different kinds of fr

36、esh fruits and vegetables.Even fast food places now offer“lean”(low-fat)hamburgers,roasted chicken,and salad bars with _(variety)fresh fruits and vegetables.5.As a result,humans developed different character types that still exist today.（2016 北京）As a result,humans developed _(range)character types t

37、hat still exists today.a wide variety of a range ofmass一、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分精准的汉语释义。1.Henry Ford said:“I will build a motor car for the great mass of people.”（2011 辽宁）_2.This mass extinction is caused by hunting,habitat destruction and pollution._3.When I washed the sweater,it just turn

38、ed into a shapeless mass._二、根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成下列句子。There were _(大量)people in the shops yesterday.广大人民广大人民大规模的灭绝大规模的灭绝masses of团团一、写出下列句子中一、写出下列句子中survive的汉语释义。的汉语释义。_ 1.Human life is regarded as part of nature and,as such,the only way for us to survive is to live in harmony with nature.（2015 福建）_ 2.Onl

39、y one copy of the book still survives._ 3.Life is hard at the moment,but were surviving.生存生存保存下来保存下来挺过来；挺过来；熬过来；熬过来；艰难度过艰难度过survive二、用二、用survive的适当形式完成下列句子。的适当形式完成下列句子。1.For a sudden heart failure,the single best chance for _ is having someone nearby step in and do CPR（心肺复苏）quickly.（2017 北京）2.Offici

40、als said he was the only _ of the plane crash.3.He is the only man who _ after the explosion（爆炸）.三、根据所给提示，用三、根据所给提示，用survive完成句子。完成句子。1.The front passengers were lucky to _(在车祸中幸免于难).2.Having _(熬过那一夜),we were confident that everything else would be all right.（2014 湖北）survival/surviving survivor surv

41、ived survive the car accident survived that nightbreak down一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.（2013 福建单项填空）_2.News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached._3.To unders

42、tand the grammar of the sentence,you must break it down into parts._4.He broke down and cried when he heard the news._5.The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.（2014 天津单项填空）_6.Cells need the oxygen in air to break down foods and release energy._出故障出故障失败失

43、败；破裂；破裂把把分分成成若干部分若干部分情绪崩溃情绪崩溃消除消除分解分解二、二、根据汉语完成下列句子。根据汉语完成下列句子。1.The question can _(分成两部分).2.With so much work filling my mind,_(我几乎垮掉了).3.Everything was wonderful except that our car _(在路上抛锚两次).（2009 四川单项填空）4.It takes a long time to _(消除)prejudice.（偏见）be broken down into two parts I almost broke do

44、wnbroke down twice on the waybreak downimpact一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The impact blew out some of the windows and the sea came rushing in._2.The classes we choose can impact us in the future.（2015 湖南）_3.The ball impacted against the bat with a loud noise._二、根据汉语完成下列句子。She found that personality _（对有重大影响

45、）learning.（2014 湖北）冲击力冲击力影响影响撞击撞击had a major impact on1.The bus was badly _ when it hit the wall.2.The building was completely _ by fire.3.It poured with rain and my dress got _.4.This illnesss has _ my life.5.Ninety percent of their island was _ and they had nothing.（2012 山东）6.The homeless shelter

46、was entirely _ in the huge earthquake.一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。ruin damage destroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin写出下列句子中写出下列句子中build up的汉语释义。的汉语释义。_ 1.Practising Chinese kung fu can not only build up ones strength,but also develop ones character.（2009 浙江）_ 2.Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.（2013 浙江）_ 3.Therefore,lets take the responsibility to build up a low carbon city by riding bicycles.（2011 江西）增强增强积累积累建立建立build up谢谢观赏