Unit 4 Grammar and usage 语法ppt课件--（2020版）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册.pptx

1、空白演示单击输入您的封面副标题P3Grammar and usageDo you know how penicillin was discovered by Fleming?A Exploring the rulesHenry is reading a science magazine article about a world-changing discovery.Find the verb-ed forms in the article and fill in the table below.The first one has been done for you.偶然地，意外地偶然地，意外

2、地远非，几乎相反远非，几乎相反V-ed forms as attributivessomething produced by the mouldV-ed forms as adverbialsV-ed forms as object complementsthe prepared mindget its mass production startedSurprised by thisWorking out the rules The verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb,indicating a(n)(1)_(activ

3、e/passive)meaning.The verb-ed form can appear before or after a noun.It modifies the noun like a(n)(2)_(relative clause/adverbial clause).The verb-ed form can be used as an adverbial or an object complement.passiverelative clause forms as attributives1.单个单个V-ed作定语，通常前置作定语，通常前置 _动词动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语,一

4、般兼有一般兼有_和和_的意义。的意义。_动词动词的的-ed形式作定语形式作定语,有有_和和_意义。意义。a grown woman 一位成年妇女一位成年妇女an escaped prisoner 一名逃犯一名逃犯a broken cup 一个破杯子一个破杯子a wounded soldier 一名伤员一名伤员及物及物被动被动完成完成不及物不及物主动主动完成完成a.the color TV set _ =the color TV set _ b.a letter written to me by my daughter=a letter that was written to me by my

5、daughter 一封我女儿写给我的信一封我女儿写给我的信去年生产的彩色电视机去年生产的彩色电视机 2.V-ed短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。短语作定语通常后置，其作用相当于定语从句。produced last yearthat was produced last yearfallen leavesfalling leaves3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 （3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 令人令人失望的消息失望的消息 感到感到失望的神情失望的神情激动人心激动人心的故事的故事(感到感到)激动激动的声音的声音情感动词

6、情感动词的的V-ing表表“令人令人.”,V-ed 表表“感到感到.”。3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别 forms as adverbials 1.过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词过去分词作状语表示被动或完成，但有些过去分词(短语短语)因来源于因来源于系表结构系表结构，作状语时不表动作而，作状语时不表动作而表状态表状态。这样的过去分词这样的过去分词(短语短语)常见的有常见的有:lost;seated;absorbed in;dressed in;tired of(厌厌烦烦);located in/on;devoted to;satisfied wi

7、th_(absorb)in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.Absorbed1.Asked what had happened,he kept silent.2.Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.3.He listened to the heros true story,moved to tears.4.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Left alone at home,the little boy didnt fee

8、l afraid at all.6.An old man was crossing the street,supported by his son.7.The teacher entered the classroom,followed by some students.时间时间原因原因结果结果条件条件让步让步伴随伴随2.动词动词-ed形式形式可以表示可以表示时间时间、原因原因、结果结果、条件条件、让步让步、方式方式或或伴随状况伴随状况等，其作用相当于等，其作用相当于状语从句状语从句或或并列句并列句。方式方式1.When he was asked what had happened,he ke

9、pt silent.2.Because he was caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.3.He listened to the heros true story,and he was moved to tears.4.If we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.5.Although he was left alone at home,the little boy didnt feel afraid at all.6.An old man was cros

10、sing the street,and he was supported by his son.7.The teacher entered the classroom,and he was followed by some students.V-ed充当状语时，其充当状语时，其逻辑主语逻辑主语必须必须与句子的主语一致与句子的主语一致。Change the sentences into complete ones.When heated,ice will be changed into water.Once caught smoking in the kitchen,the cook will

11、be fired.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.Once the cook is caught smoking in the kitchen,he will be fired.V-ed作状语有时可保留连词，构成作状语有时可保留连词，构成“连词连词+V-ed”结构，即结构，即:while,when,once,as,though,unless,if 等连词等连词)+V-ed。Rewrite the following sentences,verb-ed forms as adverbials.1.He was buried in

12、an ocean of loneliness and felt left out.Buried in an ocean of loneliness,he felt left out.2.As she was given advice by the famous detective,the girl was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the girl was no longer afraid.3.Even if he was laughed at by many people,he continued his re

13、search.Laughed at by many people,he continued his research.3.现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 与主句主语的逻辑关系的区别。与主句主语的逻辑关系的区别。1)现在分词所表示的动作与现在分词所表示的动作与_之间构成逻辑上之间构成逻辑上的的_关系。关系。2)过去分词所表示的动作与过去分词所表示的动作与_之间构成逻辑上的之间构成逻辑上的_关系。关系。句子主语句子主语主动主动句子主语句子主语被动被动 He went out,_(shut)the door behind him.Not _(know)what to do,he went to hi

14、s parents for help._(give)more encouragement,the boy could have behaved better._(face)with difficulties,we must try to overcome them._(write)in a hurry,this article was not so good._(read)carefully,he found something he hadnt known before.shuttingknowingGivenFacedWrittenReadingCompare注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词

15、，关键看主句注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。forms as object complements watch,observe,see,hear,listen to,feel,notice,find等。等。When we got to school,we saw the door locked.He found his house broken into when he got back home.1.感官动词感官动词：当我们到学校时

16、，我们看见门锁着。当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。回到家他发现家被盗。回到家他发现家被盗。Youd better keep the guests seated.Im trying to get this article finished for Thursday.She had to shout to make herself heard above the sound of the music.如：如：have,make,get,keep等。等。2.使役使役动词动词：3.在在with的复合结构中的复合结构中也可用也可用V-ed作宾语补足语。这一结构通常作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作在句中

17、作时间、方式、条件、原因时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。等状语。The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.With water heated,we can see the steam.With the matter settled,we all went home.(表方式表方式)(表条件表条件)(表原因表原因)see,hear,watch,feel,notice,etc.+sb do(主动，已发生或经常性动作主动，已发生或经常性动作)+sb doing sth.（主动，正在进行）（主动，正在进行）+sth d

18、one (被动）被动）4.现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别：I used to see these boys_(play)on the playground.play I saw them _ (play)basketball in the middle of the day today.Have you heard this song _(sing)before?playingsungFill in the blanks,using the correct verb forms.I watched him _(step)off the pavemen

19、t and _(disappear)into the post office.The hall was too noisy for the speaker to make himself _(hear).We found all the rivers seriously _(pollute).Alice got her bad tooth _(pull out)in the hospital.step polluteddisappear pulled outPractice heardB Applying the rulesB1 Rewrite the following sentences

20、using verb-ed forms as attributives,adverbials or object complementsP49 B11.The scientist who has been highly praised won an award.2.The experiment that is mentioned in your article is interesting.3.The patients soon recovered because they were treated with the new medicine.4.The scientist found tha

21、t the equipment in the laboratory had been destroyed.5.Once this report is finished,it will be very useful for future research.The highly praised scientist won an award.The experiment mentioned in your article is interesting.Treated with the new medicine,the patients soon recovered.The scientist fou

22、nd the equipment in the laboratory destroyed.Once finished,this report will be very useful for future research.attributiveattributiveadverbialobject complementadverbialB2 Henry is reading an article about Franklins kite experiment.Complete the article below with the correct verb-ed forms or verb-ing

23、 forms.Benjamin Franklin was a famous scientist,writer,printer,inventor and politician.As a scientist,he was well known for his kite experiment.The story goes like this:Franklin had found lightning(1)_(interest)for years,believing it was actually electricity.He designed an experiment to prove his th

24、eory.He worked out that by flying a kite during a thunderstorm,electricity could go through the wet kite line down to the earth.(2)_(know)it was too dangerous to hold the wet line,Franklin held a silk ribbon(3)_(tie)to the end of it.He made sure the silk ribbon stayed dry so that the electricity wou

25、ld not go through his body.P49 B2interestingknowingtiedThen he attached a metal key where the ribbon and kite line joined.When a thunderstorm approached,the lightning would charge the key.(4)_(conduct)on a stormy day in 1752,his experiment proved lightning was really just electricity.Franklin had hi

26、s theory(5)_(accept)by many people.However,some people questioned whether he had actually done the experiment,(6)_(argue)that if he had really done it,he would have received a deadly electric shock.Whatever the truth,Franklin did make contributions to the studies of electricity.Conductedacceptedargu

27、ing1.（20202020新课标新课标I I卷短文改错卷短文改错)I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs,and I thought it must to be easy to cook.实战高考。实战高考。fried2.(2020新课标新课标IIII卷语法填空卷语法填空)They represent the earth _(come)back to life and best wishes for new ing【解析】【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与与tomatoes之

28、间是动宾关系，所以此处应用之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用V-ed作定语作定语，故将，故将frying改为改为fried。【解析】【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词名词earth与与come back to之间为主动关系之间为主动关系，所以用，所以用V-ing作后置定语作后置定语。故填。故填coming。3.(2020江苏卷江苏卷)Technological innovations,_ good marketing,will promote the sales of these products.A.combined with B.combining with C.having combined with D.to be combined with4.(2020新课标新课标II卷语法填空卷语法填空)They make great gifts and you see them many times _ (decorate)with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.decorated