Unit 3 Grammar and usage之现在分词ppt课件--（2020版）新牛津译林版高中英语必修第三册.ppt

1、Ving形式形式一种形式，几个名称，一种形式，几个名称，几种用途：几种用途：1.1.现在分词现在分词2.2.动名词动名词3.3.形容词形容词4.4.名词名词5.5.介词介词 现在分词：现在分词：现在分词的否定式现在分词的否定式 not/never having done not/never doing not/never being done not/never having been done二二:V-ing 可作可作主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语;定语、定语、状语和宾语补足语状语和宾语补足语，但不能单独作谓语。，但不能单独作谓语。V-ing 形式表示的动作与主要动词同形式表示的动作与主要

2、动词同时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一时发生或发生在主要动词之后，用其一般式般式;V-ing 形式表示的动作在主要动词形式表示的动作在主要动词之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中之前发生，用其完成时，在具体应用中也常以一般式代替完成式。也常以一般式代替完成式。V-ing 的用法：的用法：1.1.作主语作主语 Swimming is good for health._(raise)your hat to a a lady is good manners.对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。对一位女士脱帽致敬是礼貌的。_(kill)by sharks in the sea is a common thin

3、g.RaisingBeing killed 注意：动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主动名词和不定式都可以作主语，动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如：Playing with fire is dangerous.（泛指玩火）（泛指玩火）To play with fire will be dangerous.（指一具体动作）（指一具体动作）2.作表语作表语 Teaching is learning.教学相长教学相长 My hobby is _(make)model pl

4、anes.What worried the child most was _(not,allow)to visit his mother in the hospital.makingnot being allowed表示主语所具有的表示主语所具有的特征或属性特征或属性 The news was exciting.The situation is encouraging.She looked disappointed.分词分词形容形容词词 2).V-ing形式和不定式都要有对称性形式和不定式都要有对称性;当主当主语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，语是不定式时，表语也用不定式；反之，当主语是当主

5、语是 V-ing 形式时，表语也用形式时，表语也用 V-ing 形式。形式。To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.注意注意 3).Its no use(good)doing sth Its a waste of time doing sth It is+adj.+(for sb)to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。覆水难收。It is a waste of time _(talk)to him.It is important for me _(learn)English.talkin

6、g to learn _ the exam will disappoint your parents.A.You failing B.Your failing C.You fail D.You to fail.2._ the same mistake again made his parents very angry.A.His being made B.He has made C.He had making D.His making 3.I dont think its much good _ to him.A.writing B.to write C.write D.written 4.S

7、uch books are not worthy _ at all.A.of being read B.being read C.reading D.to read 5.It is no use _ without through _.A.to read;understood B.reading;understanding C.to read;understand D.read;to understandExercises 3.3.作宾语作宾语 V-ing 形式既可作动词的宾语形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾也可作介词的宾语。语。We would appreciate hearing fr

8、om you 我们会珍惜你的来信。我们会珍惜你的来信。The bird escaped _ (catch).I feel like _(join)the army.He was afraid of _ (abandon)by us.being abandonedbeing caught joining 注意：注意：在在 avoid,admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,give up,put off,feel like,

9、insist on,instead of,look forward to,object to,keep on等后只接等后只接V-ing形式作宾形式作宾语。语。Exercises1.The thief entered the room without _.A.noticing B.being noticed C.having noticed D.having been noticed2.Besides _,she is kind and tender.A.beautiful B.being beautiful C.she beautiful D.is beautiful3.When he hea

10、rd the big noise,Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what was happening.A.to read;went B.reading;to go C.reading;going D.reading;went 4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination,so I cant help _ housework at home.A.preparing;doing B.preparing;to do C.to prepare;doing D.to prepare;to do注意注意在在want

11、，need，require，deserve等动等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。动意义。Your car needs filling.你这车要充气了。你这车要充气了。This city deserves visiting.这座城市值得光顾一下。这座城市值得光顾一下。The problem requires studying carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。这个问题需要认真研究。The trees want watering.这些树需要浇水了。这些树需要浇水了。在（在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。Hi

12、s suggestion is worth considering.The book is worth reading.在在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：We dont allow smoking here.We dont allow students to smoke.1.Sorry,we dont allow _ in the lecture room.A.to smoke B.sm

13、oke C.smoking D.to smoking2.They dont permit _ noise her.A.to make B.make C.making D.made3.The sentence wants _ once more.A.to explain B.explaining C.being explained D.to be explained it4.The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch Exercises5.Ali

14、said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home.A.leftB.being left C.to be leftD.leaving6.She _ the key.A.admitted takingB.admitted taking C.admitted having taken D.admitted to have taken7.Did you enjoy yourself last night?Its very nice of you.I appreciated _ to the party.A.to be invited B.to have invite

15、d C.being invited D.having been invited8.While were developing agriculture and industry,we must prevent the earth _.A.from polluting B.polluted C.pollutingD.being polluted 单独作定语，应放在被修单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，如：饰的名词之前，如：Barking dogs seldom bite.I met a runing boy in the playground.相当于定语从句相当于定语从句 分词短语作定语放在被修

16、饰的分词短语作定语放在被修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句名词之后，相当于一个定语从句 Who is the man standing by the door?=W h o i s t h e m a n _standing by the door?that isThey built a highway leading into the mountains.Have you read any novels written by Lu Xun?that leads that were written 作定语的现在分词所表示作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况：的动作发生的时间有两种情

17、况：a.表示正在进行的动作：表示正在进行的动作：Did you see the man?=who was talkingb.表示经常性的动作表示经常性的动作,或现在或现在(或当时或当时)的状态的状态,此时现在分此时现在分词只表主动，不表进行：词只表主动，不表进行：The house was built in 1955.which stood如果所表示的动作与被如果所表示的动作与被修饰词是被动关系，且与谓语修饰词是被动关系，且与谓语所表示的所表示的动作同时发生动作同时发生，用，用来表示。来表示。The meeting is very important.=which is being held如

18、果所表示的是一个如果所表示的是一个未未来的动作来的动作，可以用一个，可以用一个来表示，如：来表示，如：The meeting is very important.=which is to be held 定语从句的省略：定语从句的省略：当当定语从句定语从句以以关系代词做关系代词做主语主语，且定语从句的，且定语从句的谓语谓语中有中有bebe动词的某种形式，动词的某种形式，则可省去则可省去“关系代词关系代词+be+be”如果定语从句以关系代词做如果定语从句以关系代词做主语，但定语从句中谓语主语，但定语从句中谓语没有没有be动词动词，则省去关系代词并，则省去关系代词并将谓语部分的第一个词改为将谓语部

19、分的第一个词改为ing 形式形式用现在分词（短语）改写下列用现在分词（短语）改写下列句子句子 Thatwastheyear(that)Ifirstwentabroad.Isthereanythingyouwanted?不可以不可以 不可以不可以Isthereanythingthat helps youto get well with others?可以可以 去掉去掉helpingThe boy who is standing at the door is my brother.Do you know the man who stood at the gate just now？去去 掉掉 去掉

20、去掉standing The old man sitting under the tree is his grandfather.There is sb.knocking at the door.加上加上who is加上加上who isThis is the only way that leads to our village.The school lying to the west of my house is the No.1 Middle School.去掉去掉leading that lies一、一、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况，如：，如：The children ran out of t

21、he room,=while they were laughing and talkingShe sat at the desk.=while she was reading二、二、：Seeing nobody at home,she decided to leave them a note.Not knowing her address,we couldnt get in touch with her.=As she sawBecause we didnt know如果分词的动作在谓语动作之如果分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：前发生，则要用完成形式，如：Having fin

22、ished his homework,Tom went home.=After/Because he had finishedNot having received an answer,he decided to write another letter.=Because he had not received三、作三、作（相当于（相当于 when 引导的从句）：引导的从句）：Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.=When they heardSeeing those pictures,he couldnt help thinking of th

23、ose days in Beijing.When he saw 如果两个动作同时发如果两个动作同时发生的，多用生的，多用 when 或或 while+分词这种结构，如：分词这种结构，如：Be careful crossing the street.Dont mention this talking to him.you are you are如果要强调谓语动词如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词的动作的动作发生时，分词的动作已经完成，要用完成形式：已经完成，要用完成形式：Having heard the result,the spokeswoman expressed her opinion

24、After she had heard四、现在分词作状语还可以四、现在分词作状语还可以，如：，如：The bus was held up by snowstorm,thus causing the delay.=thus it caused Working hard,you will succeed.Weighing almost 100Kg,the stone was moved by him alone.If you work hardAlthough it weighedDont be careless when/while having an exam.When they heardW

25、hen you areAfter he had finishedNot knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem,he asked the teacher for help.Because he didnt knowBecause/After/Since/As we have livedAlthough he is illIm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.He tried to leave the engine running.注：现在分词做宾语补足语表示注：现在分词做宾

26、语补足语表示动作与谓语动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程。强调动作过程。现在分词做宾语补足语时，与现在分词做宾语补足语时，与宾语有着逻辑上的宾语有着逻辑上的主动的主谓关主动的主谓关系系:He sawHe saw an old man an old man getting getting on the buson the bus.I c a n h e a r I c a n h e a r s o m e o n es o m e o n e knockingknocking.S h e n o t i c e d S h e n o t i c e d t h e

27、m a n t h e m a n looking at her looking at her a couple of a couple of times.times.HebringsHebringsmeme cookiecookies severyday.everyday.Shemade Shemade meme aabeautifuldressbeautifuldress.不是宾补不是宾补不是宾补不是宾补方法：方法：宾语充当主语宾语充当主语+be+be+宾补充当表语或谓语动词。宾补充当表语或谓语动词。若句意完整，则为宾补。若句意完整，则为宾补。接 现 在 分 词 作 宾 补接 现 在 分

28、词 作 宾 补.catch sb.doing sth.discover sb.doing sth.feel sb.doing sth.set sb.doing sth.set sb.doing sth.find sb.doing sth.find sb.doing sth.get sb.doing sth.get sb.doing sth.hear sb.doing sth.hear sb.doing sth.keep sb.doing sth.keep sb.doing sth.listen to sb.doing sth.listen to sb.doing sth.look at sb.

29、doing sth.look at sb.doing sth.notice sb.doing sth.notice sb.doing sth.observe sb.doing sth.observe sb.doing sth.prevent sb.doing sth.prevent sb.doing sth.see sb.doing sth.see sb.doing sth.start sb.doing sth.start sb.doing sth.stop sb.doing sth.stop sb.doing sth.watch sb.doing sth.watch sb.doing sth

30、.现在分词的完成形式主要现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：动作之前发生，如：Having been there many times,he offered to be our guide.在表示一个被动的动作时，在表示一个被动的动作时，如果这个动作是现刻正在进行如果这个动作是现刻正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，就可以用现在分词时发生的，就可以用现在分词的被动形式。这种形式可以作的被动形式。这种形式可以作或或，That building being repaired is our library.Yo

31、ull find the topic being discussed everywhere.Being protected by a thick wall,they felt they were quite safe.Fill in the blanks:_(turn)to the right,you will find the place you want.2._(ask)to put on performance,she refused.3._ (finish)his work,Henry went home.4._(learn)new words is useful.TurningBei

32、ng asked Having finished Learning5.He disliked _(interrupt)in his experiment.6.I apologize for _ (not,wait)for you.7._(not,receive)an answer,I wrote to him again.8._(give)such a good chance,you should catch it.being interrupted not having waited Not having received Having been given9.I didnt mind _(leave)at home.10.The house wants _(clean).11.He came in without _(ask).12._(show)around the library,we were taken to see the lab.being leftcleaningbeing askedHaving been shown