英国-文学-伊丽莎白时期戏剧课件.ppt
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1、 The Early Modern Period (15th-mid17th century)English Renaissance(1)(16thmid 17th century)Historical background Socially 1.“”The Hundred Years”War (1337-1453)between France and England;the mysterious Joan of ArcHistorical background Socially 2.The Wars of the Roses(1455-1485)between the houses of Y
2、ork(white rose emblem)and Lancaster(red rose)for possession of the throne;Historical background Socially 3.The parliament the urban craftsmen and small businessmen a strong source of economic aid to the kings;the House of Commons as representatives from the counties and boroughs while the nobilities
3、 retained their position in the House of Lords Historical background Socially 4.Agriculturalmanufacturing+trade Land Enclosure 圈地运动;Historical background Socially 5.Discovery and expansionVirginia coast,East Indies company,sea piracy,new markets foreign trade;new riches,new adventures gave people bo
4、undless hope and confidence,esp.under the reign of Elizabeth I(1558-1603)Historical background Socially 6.Great social mobility as a result of the moneyed economyHistorical background Socially 7.Royalty the Tudors:Henry VII unified England (not Scotland and Ireland)Henry VIII(1509-1547)Mary (1553-15
5、58)Elizabeth (1558-1603)Historical background Socially 7.Royaltythe Stuarts:James I (1603-1685)James II (1685-1688)William and Mary (1688-1702)Historical background Ideologically1.Copernicus(1473-1543,Polish astronomer)and German Johannes Keplers discovery of the center of the universe(heliocentric,
6、not Earth,E circles around the Sun)Italian Galileos(1564-1642)gravitational force,discovery of Jupiters satellites,Moons mountainous nature,etc.Historical background Ideologically 2.Renaissance:A revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century
7、and which influenced the rest of Europe in a great variety of ways in the next two centuries.Broadly,it is typified Historical background by the spread of humanism which was found in the classic works of Greek and Roman culture.Against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in after-life,the huma
8、nists believed in mans capability of self perfection and emphasized the importance of personal worth and the joy of the present life.Historical background Ideologically Religious reformationMartin Luther,new interpretations and questioning of the Roman Catholic beliefs and authority;at home,a nation
9、al detestation for the greedy,corrupted Church,and a dissatisfied King,Henry VIII.(in love with Anne Boleyn,his plea for divorce from Catherine of Aragon(princess ofHistorical background Spain,wife of his late elder brother),twice rejected by the Pope,made himself the supreme Head of Church of Engla
10、nd in 1534;removed the abbots from the House of Lords and confiscated the churchs land and divided it among his nobles;with a few years exception(Mary1553-1558),Protestantism(新教)was firmly established in England,with only Ireland keeping to Roman CatholicismLiterature 1.translationa).classic and Ita
11、lian and French works:Plato and Aristotle Plutarchs Lives of the Noble Grecians and RomansOvids MetamorphosesHomers Iliad and Odyssey Virgils AeneidHorace,Seneca,Plautus,Dante Literature Sonnets and Blank verse was introduced into England,comedy and tragedy flourished.Literature 1.translation b).the
12、 Bible into English the King James Bible,or the“Authorized Version,”47 translators,over 10 years,published in 1611Literature 2.English literature (imitation,assimilation&creation)“Everything is there,but nothing remains the same.”(for Shakespeare)Literature 2.English literaturePoetry:Edmund Spenser,
13、William Shakespeare,Ben Jonson,John Donne,John Miltonepics:Homer,Vigil,Dante/Spenser,Miltonsonnets:Petrarch,Dante/Shakespeare,Sidney“Arcadia”,Jonson,Donne and Andrew MarvellLiterature 2.English literatureDrama:Christopher Marlowe,W.Shakespeare and Ben Jonson comedy,tragedy,tragic-comedy,history,sati
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