Unit 1 People of AchievementLearning About Language-ppt课件- -（2022）新人教版(2019新版)高中英语选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、UNIT 1 PEOPLE OF ACHIEVEMENT Learning About LanguageGrammar Aims：By the end of this period,you will be able to1.find out the differences in form and functions between restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive relative clauses.2.introduce a great person using non-restrictive relative clauses.3

2、.express their own ideas and opinions using non-restrictive relative clauses.Lead-inQ1.Can you find any relative clauses?Underline them and name the types:the restrictive relative clauses or the nonrestrictive ones.Q2.Can you tell the differences in form between them?Tu Youyou,who was born in Ningbo

3、,China,on 30 Dec.1930,was a committed and patient scientist.Based on a medical text which suggested using sweet wormwood to treat malaria,she and her team drew out the artemisinin,for which she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physician or Medicine.Hundreds of thousands of lives are thought to b

4、e saved by Artemisinin,which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.Tu Youyou,who was born in Ningbo,China,on 30 Dec.1930,was a committed and patient scientist.Based on a medical text which suggested using sweet wormwood to treat malaria,she and her team drew out the artemisinin,for wh

5、ich she was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize for Physician or Medicine.Hundreds of thousands of lives are thought to be saved by Artemisinin,which has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria.Restrictive:there is no comma in front of the clauseNon-restrictive:there is a comma in front of the cla

6、usenon-restrictive restrictive non-restrictive non-restrictive Observe and AnalyseRead the following sentences and underline the relative clauses.Then name the two types of clauses and state their functions.1.They tested hundreds of Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against

7、 the disease.2.Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize，which is considered one of the highest international honours a person can receive.3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan，where malaria was more common，to study malaria patients.4.Later，the medicine was tested on malaria patients，most of whom recovered.sentenc

8、etypestructurefunctionantecedent(先行词先行词)Part of speech in a sentence（句子（句子成分）成分）1 hundreds of Chinese medical treatmentsDescribe and modify the kind of medical treatments they tested.2the Nobel PrizeGive extra information about Nobel Prize3HainanGive extra information about Hainan4malaria patientsGi

9、ve extra information about the patientsRestrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictiveNon-restrictivesubject subjectadverbialobject Analyse the four sentences by filling in the following table.Aspect（方面）（方面）Restrictive relative clausesNon-restrictive relative clausesForm(形式形式)No comma(,)in front of the cl

10、ause There is a comma(,)in front of the clauseRelative（关系词）（关系词）“That”is included.“That”is forbidden to use.Function（功能）（功能）A restrictive clause modifies the noun that precedes it in an essential way.Restrictive clauses limit or identify such nouns and cannot be removed from a sentence without chang

11、ing the sentences meaning.A nonrestrictive clause describes a noun or a sentence in a nonessential way，giving extra information,an explanation,or a comment on a noun or a sentence.Summarize the differences between restrictive relative clauses and non-restrictive ones by filling in the following tabl

12、e.S t e p s1 find the repeating part;2 replace it with a suitable relative(关系词关系词)3 replace the stop(.)with a comma(,)PracticeRewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.Q1:Read the example,Can you summarize the steps to rewrite the sentences?Example:The book tells us about Alexande

13、r Fleming.He discovered penicillin.The book tells us about Alexander Fleming,who discovered penicillin.PracticeRewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.Q2:Try to rewrite the following sentences using the steps.1.We were very impressed by the old man.He was not willing to acknowle

14、dge defeat._2.Afterwards,Einstein had to flee Germany.Hitler was in power there._3.There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control._We were very impressed by the old man，who was not willing to acknowledge defeat.Afterwards，Einstein had to flee Germany，where Hitler w

15、as in power.There is nothing we can do to help Linda，whose circumstances are beyond our control.4.The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist,J.K.Rowling.It inspired us a lot._5.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Peia famous Chinese-American architect.He was

16、 born in Guangzhou,China._6.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart.It was a big challenge for me._The teacher asked us to listen to a speech by his favourite novelist，J.K.Rowling，which inspired us a lot.The building under construction was designed by I.M.Peia famous Chinese

17、-American architect，who was born in Guangzhou，China.I was asked to explain the project with the help of a flow chart，which was a big challenge for me.PracticeRewrite the sentences using non-restrictive relative clauses.Q3:How do the sentences flow differently？In each case，there are two short sentenc

18、es which sound separate to each other.By combining the two simple sentences together using non-restrictive relative clause，the sentence becomes more varied and has better flow.PracticeDecide whether the sentences are right or wrong.Correct them where necessary.(Workbook P62 Activity 2)1.Please write

19、 down these phrases,all of them will be useful in your writing.2.As a consequence of sending in his application late,he did not get a patent for his invention,that was not surprising at all.3.The researchers are evaluating thousands of plants,which have distinct medical properties.4.The gentle old m

20、an is the only person,whom I can trust.5.Have you done all what you can to help the people in need?6.Is this the botanical institute where you visited last week?whichwhichthatthatwhich/that Language Use and Share Introduce a great personWrite a few sentences about some great people with the informat

21、ion given below.Use relative clauses.Dr Sun Yat-sens wife;one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history;devoted her life to improving the welfare of women and childrenThe first man to land on the moon in July 1969;Thats a small step for(a)man,one giant leap for mankind.Came to China in World War

22、ll;worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese peopleA leading figure of modern Chinese literature;Lu Xun Literary Prizeone of Chinas top four literary prizes,awarded every three yearsA girl dressed as a man;went to fight for her country;helped drive the English invaders out of Fra

23、nce Language Use and Share Introduce a great personp Song Qingling，who was Dr Sun Yat-sens wife and one of the top leaders in modern Chinese history，devoted her life to improving the welfare of women and children.p Neil Armstrong，who was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969，said，“Thats a s

24、mall step for（a）man，one giant leap for mankind.”p Norman Bethune，who came to China in World War，worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese people.p Lu Xun was a leading figure of modern Chinese literature.Lu Xun Literary Prize，which is one of Chinas top four literary prizes，is awa

25、rded every three years.p Joan of Arc，who was a girl dressed as a man，went to fight for her country.She helped drive the English invaders out of France.1 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：关系代词 which，who，whom，whose，as关系副词 when，where 等Water，which is a clear liquid，has many uses.水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。He will put

26、off the picnic until May 1st，when he will be free.他将把野餐推迟到5 月1 日，那时他将有空。单元语法非限制性定语从句附：单元语法精讲精练附：单元语法精讲精练The boy，whose father is an engineer，studies very hard.这个男孩，他的爸爸是一位工程师，学习很努力。Once more I am in Boston，where I have not been for years.我再次来到波士顿，我多年没来这里了。He is absorbed in work，as he often was.他正在全神贯

27、注地工作，他过去经常这样。We went to the carnival last night，where people wore colorful costumes and marched along the street.我们昨晚去了狂欢节，人们穿着五颜六色的服装沿街游行。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Tom was always late for school，_made his teacher annoyed.（2）Our graduation will be held in July，_well say goodbye to our teachers.（3）Ive invited J

28、im，_ lives in the next flat.（4）This academic paper was written in Latin，_ language I did not understand.（5）Toby was left on an island，_ he stayed for as long as three months.（6）He seems not to have understood what I mean，_ greatly upsets me.（7）The project，_ we had expected，got along well.whichwhenwh

29、owhosewherewhichas2 as 引导的非限制性定语从句as 引导的非限制性定语从句常可看作固定结构：as is known to all 众所周知as is often the case 情况常常如此as is said above 如上所述as is reported 正如报道的那样as is mentioned 正如所提及的那样as we all know 众所周知as we expected 正如我们预料的as has been pointed out 正如已经指出的那样as has been said before 正如之前所说He forgot to bring his

30、 pen with him，as was often the case.他忘了带笔，这是常事。As is widely known，the moon is closer to us than the sun.众所周知，月球比太阳离我们近。As we all know，this is the best solution to this problem.众所周知，这是解决这个问题的最好办法。As has been pointed out，we should make a plan ahead of schedule.正如已经指出的那样，我们应该提前制订计划。【学法点拨学法点拨】as 引导限制性定语

31、从句时，先行词常被 the same，such 等修饰。as在句中常作主语、宾语或表语。Such courses as are recommended by Mr Smith are optional.史密斯先生推荐的课程是选修课。She is wearing the same dress as you wore yesterday.她穿了一件和你昨天穿的一样的衣服。This is the same squirrel that I saw yesterday.这就是我昨天见过的那只松鼠。在such.as.中as 引导定语从句，代替前面的先行词，且在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；在such/so.t

32、hat.中that 引导结果状语从句，that 只起连接词的作用，在从句中不作成分。Such things as you describe are rare now.你描述的这种事情现在很少见。He is such a brilliant architect that we all admire him.他是一位才华横溢的建筑师，我们都钦佩他。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Kate is late for school again，_ is often the case.（2）The compass，_ is known to all，was invented in ancient China

33、.（3）She told a lie，_ we expected.（4）_ we all know，Mark Twain was a famous American writer.（5）_ is reported，many crops were damaged by the heavy rain.（6）This is the same costume _ I bought online.（7）Ive never seen such a talented architect_ he is.（8）The computer is so expensive _I cant afford it.asas

34、asAsAsasas that完成句子完成句子（9）These houses are sold at such a low price，_（正如人们预料的那样）.（10）_（正如以上提及的那样），the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.（11）_（情况经常是这样的），my mother has the final say in the argument.（12）He is such a lazy man _（以至于没有人喜欢跟他一起工作）.（13）_（如上所述），he overcame the difficu

35、lties at hand.as people expectedAs is mentioned above As is often the casethat no one likes to work with himAs is said above3 使用非限制性定语从句时的注意事项（1）that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中，用 who，whom 指代人，用which 指代物。She was very fond of speaking French，which indeed she spoke well.她很喜欢讲法语，而且讲得确实很好。（2）当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词

36、、指示代词修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性定语从句。They went to London，where they lived for six months.他们去了伦敦，在那儿住了六个月。Yesterday she sold her car，which she bought a month ago.昨天她卖掉了她的汽车，汽车是她一个月前买的。（3）非限制性定语从句可以补充说明整个主句。In the presence of so many people he was a little tense，which wasunderstandable.在那么多人面前他有点紧张，这是可以理解的。（4）

37、非限制性定语从句表原因时，不用 why 引导，而用 for which代替 why。I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting.我已经告诉了他们我没有参加会议的原因。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Mr Smith，_ is my friend，quit his job last year.（2）The Great Wall，_ is called in Chinese“The Ten Thousand Li Great Wall”，is very famous in the world.（3）He is gen

38、tle，_ is known to us all in our company.（4）We could not give the reason，for _ so many people were for the proposal.（5）The sun，_ rises in the east，gives us light and heat.（6）Last week we traveled to Beijing，_there are many places of interest.whowhichwhichwhichwhichwhereHe is the man whom you are look

39、ing for.他就是你正在找的那个人。（限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the man）These apple trees，which I planted three years ago，have not borne anyfruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。（非限制性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开）She is always careless，which we should not be.她总是马虎大意，我们可不应该这样。（which 指代主句内容）Friendship is precious wealth（that）one searches for all his life.友谊

40、是毕生难觅的珍贵财富。（that 在从句中作for 的宾语，可省略）单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Do you have the photo _ we took together in our primary school?（2）He gave his mother a beautiful coat for her birthday，_ pleased her a lot.（3）The boy _ gave a speech just now is senior to me.（4）Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，_a conference was to be

41、held.（5）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season _ begins in September andends in November.（6）This colorless gas is called oxygen，with_ we can rescue patients.完成句子完成句子（7）Do you know the old man _（把他所有的积蓄都捐赠给了教育事业）?（8）Next month，_（你将度过你的暑假）in your hometown，isapproaching.that/whichwhichwho/that

42、wherewhich/thatwhichwho donated all his savingsto the cause of educationwhen youll spend yoursummer holiday5 特殊结构“名词/代词+of+which/whom”I have many friends，some of whom are experts.我有许多朋友，其中有些是专家。There are 30 chairs in the hall，most of which are new.大厅里有三十把椅子，绝大部分是新的。Light is the fastest thing in the

43、world，the speed of which is about 300，000 kilometers per second.光是世界上最快的东西，它的速度是每秒约30 万千米。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）The factory has over 8，000 workers，eighty percent of _ are women.（2）He bought many books yesterday，some of_ were published many years ago.whomwhich6 关系代词、人称代词、指示代词的选择关键是判断句子结构：关键是判断句子结构：非限制性定语从句选

44、关系代词并列句选人称代词或指示代词I met Professor Xu，who told me the result of the election.我遇到了许教授，他告诉了我选举的结果。This is my smartphone and it was bought yesterday.这是我昨天买的智能手机。He came late again and this made his boss angry.他又迟到了，这使他的老板很生气。单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）He has three sons，none of _ is an architect.（2）He has three sons，

45、but none of _（they）is an archaeologist.（3）2021浙江1 月卷BMI（体重指数）is an internationally recognized measurement tool_ gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight.whomthemthat/whichLanguage points教材原句p.4Did you come to any conclusions?你得出什么结论了吗?题组练领悟方法核心词汇1 conclusion n.结论；推论arrive at/come t

46、o/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论搭配搭配jump to conclusions 匆忙下结论in conclusion 最后（用于文章或讲话的末尾，表示即将结束）bring.to a conclusion 使结束He came to a conclusion that it was not easy to select a satisfactoryassistant.他得出结论，挑选一个令人满意的助手是不容易的。词汇复现In conclusion，no one can easily claim who will win in a tight match.总之，没有人能

47、轻易地断言一场胶着状态的比赛最后谁会赢。词汇复现【词语积累词语积累】conclude v.断定；推断出；得出结论；使结束conclude.from.从中推断出conclude（sth.）with 用结束（某事）to conclude（=in conclusion）最后I concluded from his words that he lacked confidence.我从他的话中得出结论，他缺乏信心。The evening concluded with dinner and speeches.这个夜晚在宴会和讲话中结束了。【归纳拓展归纳拓展】conclude v.conclusion n.

48、结束decide v.decision n.决定explode v.explosion n.爆炸persuade v.persuasion n.说服单句语法填空单句语法填空（1）Dont jump to _（conclude）before considering all the facts，or you may be easily taken in.（2）The research lacks solid evidence，and therefore，its _（conclude）are doubtful.（3）_ conclusion，I would like to thank everyon

49、e who has helped us.（4）The speaker concluded his speech _a famous saying.完成句子完成句子（5）Many experts _（得出结论）that many diseases were related to smoking.（6）_（最后），with this extra evidence，we can draw a conclusion with certainty.conclusionsconclusions系动词是are，所以主语用复数形式。Inwithdrew/reached the conclusion句中 tha

50、t 引导同位语从句，解释说明conclusion 的具体内容。To conclude/In conclusion教材原句p.5There is nothing we can do to help Linda.Her circumstances are beyond our control.我们没有办法帮助琳达。她的情况我们无法控制。2 circumstance n.usually pl.条件；环境；状况；境况，境遇，（尤指）经济状况搭配搭配under/in.circumstances 在情况下under/in no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不（位于句首时，句子用部分倒装结构