Unit 1 Discover Useful Structures -ppt课件--（2022）新人教版(2019新版)高中英语选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、限制性定语从句复习限制性定语从句复习定语从句在高考中的定语从句在高考中的考点考点及及运用运用 语法填空语法填空：填写正确的关系词。：填写正确的关系词。写写 作作：运用定语从句，增加文章亮点，：运用定语从句，增加文章亮点，提高文章档次。提高文章档次。【概括】限制性定语从句是用来对_ 进行修饰限定的从句，故也称之为_的从句；位置关系：_+_关系词代替_，在定语从句中作_(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等)3先行词（名词或代词)形容词性的先行词定语从句成分先行词先行词先行词关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 who,whom,which,that,whose,

2、aswhere,when,why如何选用关系词如何选用关系词1.先看先看_(主句主句/从句从句),判断判断_成分。成分。2.当当_缺主语，宾语，表语时，缺主语，宾语，表语时，选择选择_(关系代词关系代词/关系副词关系副词)。3.当当_不缺主语，宾语，表语时，不缺主语，宾语，表语时，选择选择_(关系代词关系代词/关系副词关系副词)。从句从句从句从句从句从句关系代词关系代词从句从句关系副词关系副词关系代词关系代词指代指代在定语从句中所充当的成分在定语从句中所充当的成分人人物物主语主语宾语宾语定语定语that whichwhowhomwhose何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略关系代词及其用法关系代词及

3、其用法关系副词关系副词指代指代在定从中所作成分在定从中所作成分whenwherewhy时间时间时间状语时间状语地点地点地点状语地点状语reason原因状语原因状语关系副词：when where why 引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系代词关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词关系副词：where,when,why1.The working environment,the happiness they get from their work and respect from others are the things _ matter most.2

4、.A friend is a present _ you give yourself.To be a good friend or partner,its important to be a good listener.3.The“housing slave”is a new expression in China,referring to people _ use most of their salary to repay bank loans due to soaring housing prices.4.The man _ I nodded to is Mr.Li.that/whichw

5、hichwhowhom5.I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.6.Many countries are now setting up national parks _ animals and plants can be protected.7.I find that looking after children is a fun and challenging job _ you need to be patient and careful.8.As the smallest child of hi

6、s family,Alex is always longing for the time _ he should be able to be independent.9.Do you know the reason _ he didnt attend the meeting?wherewherewhenwhywhose区分that和which只能用只能用that，不能用，不能用which的情况的情况 不定代词不定代词，如，如 something,anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little,none等作先行词时，只用等作先行词时，只用t

7、hat，不用，不用which。先行词有先行词有the only，the very，the just,the right等修饰时，只用等修饰时，只用that。先行词被先行词被序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用修饰时，只用that。先行词先行词既有人，又有物既有人，又有物时。时。当主句是以当主句是以who 或或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，用开头的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。以避免重复。区分that和whichPractice 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the field

8、s.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _can frighten me.6.Who is the man _is reading under the tree?that区分that和which只用只用which而不用而不用that的情况的情况非限制

9、性定语从句非限制性定语从句只用只用which而不能用而不能用that。He wrote a book,_ is on how to learn English well.非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句He wrote a book which/that is on how to learn English well.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句在在介词提前介词提前的定语从句中，只用的定语从句中，只用which而不用而不用that。This is the place in _ Lu Xun used to live.1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。表时当先行词在定语从句中作状语

10、时，要用关系副词。表时间用间用when，表原因用，表原因用why引导，引导，其它其它用用where。1)He will always remember the day when(=on which)his father returned from America.2)The factory where(=in which)his father works is the largest one in this city.3)I dont know the reason why(=for which)he was absent today.2 2.1 1抽象地点名词抽象地点名词+关系副词关系副词w

11、here 当先行词是当先行词是case,area,stage,degree,point,situation,atmosphere，environment,condition,race等抽象地点名词时。等抽象地点名词时。1)They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other.2)Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.3)Life is like a long race _ we compete with other

12、s to go beyond ourselves.2 2.2 2 时间名词时间名词+关系副词关系副词when 当先行词是当先行词是time,day,week,month,year,moment等抽时间类的名词时。等抽时间类的名词时。1)It was a time when I didnt understand what death meant.2)Ill never forget the day when I was trapped in a burning house.3)Do you still remember the day when we took the first aid cou

13、rse?3 3.关系代词和关系副词的区别1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together.2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together.3.I went to the place_ I worked ten years ago.4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago.5.This is the reason _ he was late.6.This is the reason _ he gave.when(which)where(which/t

14、hat)why(which/that)如何确定关系代词前的介词？如何确定关系代词前的介词？1)I still remember the day _ _ I met my idol.2)I will never forget the farm _ _ I worked with you.on whichon which1.先行词在从句中做先行词在从句中做状语状语：根据先行词的搭配确定根据先行词的搭配确定这这时时prep+which=where/when/why1)Do you like the book _ _ she spent$10?2)Do you like the book _ _ sh

15、e paid$10?3)The West Lake,_ _ Hangzhou is famous,is a beautiful place.on whichfor whichfor which2.先行词在从句中做先行词在从句中做宾语宾语：看从句中动词、形容词的搭配看从句中动词、形容词的搭配1)He has two sons,both _ graduated from Peking University.他有两个儿子，他们都毕业于北京大学。2)Tom wrote many childrens books,nearly half _ were about campus culture.汤姆写了很多

16、儿童书籍，其中将近一半是关于校园文化的。of whomof which 3.表表“所属关系所属关系”或或“整体的一部分整体的一部分”：介词用介词用of1)Air,_ which man cant live,is really important.空气非常重要，没有了它人类便不能生存。2)This is the man _ whom my brother has worked for ten years.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那个人。withoutwith4.根根据句子的意思来确定据句子的意思来确定Non-restrictive attributive clause限制性定从和非限制定从

17、的区别：限制性定从和非限制定从的区别：1.People who take physical exercise live longer.2.His daughter,who is in Boston now,is coming home next week.3.I have a sister who is a doctor.4.I have a sister,who is a doctor.5.He is the man whose car was stolen.6.Ive invited Jim,who lives in the next flat.7.The place which inte

18、rested me most was the Childrens Palace.8.Peter drove too fast,which was dangerous.功能不同：限：修饰，限制功能不同：限：修饰，限制 非：补充说明非：补充说明 含义不同（修饰专业名词或具含义不同（修饰专业名词或具有独一无二性的名词时，用非有独一无二性的名词时，用非限制性定从）限制性定从）非限制性定从的先行词可以是一个从句或句子非限制性定从的先行词可以是一个从句或句子 翻译不同翻译不同RIGHT or WRONG?The moon which is 384,400 kilometers form the earth

19、 creates many beautiful stories.Meizhou where I was born is located in the south of china.I have three foreign teachers two of whom are from Canada.2.思考：什么情况下通常要用非限制性定语从句1.The moon,which is 384,400 kilometers form the earth,creates many beautiful stories.2.Meizhou,where I was born,is located in the

20、south of china.3.I have three foreign teachers,two of whom are from Canada.4.I have a sister,who works in a hospital.5.He said that he had never seen her before,which was not true专有名词（人名，地名）或独一无二的事物专有名词（人名，地名）或独一无二的事物some/many/few+of+which/whom时时唯一亲属唯一亲属关系代词指代整个主句内容时关系代词指代整个主句内容时How to translate the

21、 two sentences into Chinese:The magazines here which have nice pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的杂志是他写的里面有漂亮图画的杂志是他写的。The magazines here,which have nice pictures in them,were written by him.这儿的杂志都是他写的，里面有漂亮的图片。这儿的杂志都是他写的，里面有漂亮的图片。WRONGRIGHT or WRONG?1.I like the book,that was bought yeste

22、rday.2.I had told them the reason,why I didnt attend the meeting.3.The book,he gave me yesterday,is missing.3.that,why不能引导非限制性定语从句 关系代词在从句中充当宾语时不能省略Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.1.The famous basketball star,_is an American,came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she often turned to M

23、r.black,with _she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian,_I visited last year,is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July,_ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ wa

24、s true.whowhomwhichwhichwhenwherewhich1.He is a hard working student,_ we all know.2.He has won first prize,_ we all expected.3._ we hoped,he came to help us.4._ was planned,the work was finished on time.4.“as”can be used to refer to a whole sentence.asAsAsaswhich VS as 1.which不置于句首，不置于句首，as可放在句首可放在

25、句首/中中/末末。2.as有表有表“正如正如”之意，而之意，而which 不能。不能。as 引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：引导的非限制性定语从句一些固定句型：1as has been said before 如上所述如上所述 2as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样正如可以想象出来的那样 3as is well known 众所周知众所周知 4as was expected 正如预料的那样正如预料的那样 5as has been already pointed out 正如已经指出的那样正如已经指出的那样 6as we all can see 正如我们都会看到的那样

26、正如我们都会看到的那样 7.as is often the case 情况通常如此情况通常如此 8.as is reported in the newspaper1.People are excited to meet Zhai Zhigang,he was the first Chinese to walk in space.2.Many Chinese will never forget May 12th,2008,when a big earthquake happened in Sichuan then.3.Which is shown on TV,many children suff

27、ered a lot from the polluted milk.hewhothen去去掉掉WhichAs4.Lin Hao is a hero,who we should learn.5.China got the most gold medals in the Olympics,that makes people excited.6.I dream of going to Beijing,which the 29th Olympic Games was held.whofrom whomthatwhichwhichwhere/in which1.Tu Youyou _ graduated

28、 from Peking University Medical School began her study malaria in 1967.2.Tu Youyou is a Nobel Prize winner,_research led to the discovery of artimisinin.3.Tu Youyou went to Hainan _ malaria was more common.4.Tu Youyou has made a great achievement,_ is known to all.单句语法填空单句语法填空whowhosewhereas易错对比练习易错

29、对比练习1.1)Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineer 2)Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancer 2.1)It was eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.2)It was at eleven oclock _ they went out of the cinema.3.1)It was in the hospital_ he came across a friend of his.2)It was the hosp

30、ital _ he came across a friend of his.4.1).We should go to the place _ we are most needed.2).We should go to the place _ needs us most.5.1).Mother didnt come back on December 25,_was my birthday.2).Mother didnt come back home on December 25,_she was busy working.whomthemwhenthatwherethatwherewhich/t

31、hatwhichwhen6.1).This is the room _ he lived in his childhood.2).This is the room _ he lived in last year.7.1)The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday?2)The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday?8.1)We must learn to act in ways _ do not harm other living thi

32、ngs.2)I dont like the way _ he spoke to his mother.3)This is the way _ he thought of to solve the problem.9.1).He is such a good teacher _ we all like.2).He is such a good teacher _ we all like him.3).He is a good teacher,_ makes us respect him.10.1)Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough water.

33、2)I still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago.wherewhichwhywhich/thatwhich/thatthat/in which/不填不填which/thatasthatwhichwherewhere一、一、单句语法填空单句语法填空。1.Mr Smith,native language is English,can speak Chinese fluently.2.We will be shown around the city,schools and some other places,_ other v

34、isitors seldom go.3.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year,80%of _ are sold abroad.4.is known to all,Madame Curie won the Nobel Prize twice for her great scientific discoveries.PracticePracticewhosewherewhichAs5.This is Mr Smith,I think has something interesting to tell you.6.

35、Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,made the others unhappy.7.I have invited some friends to the party,most of are from abroad.8.There are two buildings,the larger of stands nearly a hundred feet high.9.The children,wanted to play football,were disappointed when it r

36、ained.10.He likes Paris,_ he has lived for a long time.whowhichwhomwhichwhowhere完成句子完成句子。1.Last week I passed the examination,.上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。上周我通过了考试，那是很重要的考试。2.Tom sold his house,.汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这汤姆卖掉了他的房子，这（件事件事）使他的父亲很生气。使他的父亲很生气。3.The professor has two sons,are studying in the same university.教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学教授有两个儿子，他们都在同一所大学读书读书。4.,he studies very hard.正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。正如我们所知，他学习非常刻苦。5.We will put off the outing until next week,.我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。我们要把远足延期到下周，那时我们就不会这么忙了。which was importantwhich made his father very angryboth of whom As we all knowwhen we wont be so busy