Unit 5 单词用法讲解 1 （Learning About Language — Assessing Your Progress)-ppt课件 - -（2022）新人教版(2019新版)高中英语选择性必修第一册.pptx

1、版本：新人教版本：新人教单元：选择性必修一单元：选择性必修一 Unit 5(Learning About Language Assessing Your Progress)单单词词课课堂堂1.urban与 rural 相对2.extensionextend(选必四 Unit 3)extensionex-(out 出)+tens(to stretch 伸展)+-ion(名词后缀)延伸3.chemical同源词：chemistry,chemist4.flavourflavour 是英式英语，flavor 是美式英语5.nutrition&nutritional&nutritiousnutritio

2、n：nutrit(feed 滋养)+-ion词族：nutrition,nutritious,nutritional6.povertypoor poverty7.organic词块：organic food词族：organ,organic,organise,organisation本单元词汇梳理本单元词汇梳理8widespread 合成词：wide+spread9.bacterium复数：bacteria10.digest隐喻：消化食物“消化”抽象事物 理解；领会派生词：digestion11.essential近义词：vital 词块：it is essential for sb to do

3、sth,it is essential that (should)do sth 派生词：essentially 12.mineral来自 mine(n 矿)词块：mineral water13.alternative词块：alternative energy,have no alternative but to do sth14.instance词块：for instance=for example15.depthdepth 来自 deep(联系 length,width,strength)词块：in depth 词族：deep,deepen,deeply,depth16.root基本义：根

4、名词动词化 词块：be rooted in17.entirelyentire(adj 完全的)+-ly 近义词：completely18.aspectaspect(方面)原本表示“星体的相对位置”。它由“a-(to)+spect(to look 看)”构成，字面意思就是“(星体相互)观看对方”。后来衍生出“看待事物的方式”“事物呈现出来的外观”。同根词：respect,prospect重重难难点点词词精精讲讲alternative英语释义英语释义辨析义辨析义essential一词多义一词多义前缀前缀 ex-&形容词后缀形容词后缀 -y digest熟词生义熟词生义extension一词多义一词

5、多义root熟词生义熟词生义extension n C&U 延伸；扩大；延长期延伸；扩大；延长期：a visa extensionThe wire has an extension of 50 feet.The extension of the garden will take several weeks.The pub had an extension on Christmas Eve.扩建部分扩建部分:The city is building an extension to the subway line.电话分机；分机号码：电话分机；分机号码：Extension 326,please!b

6、y extension正式用语再则正式用语再则extension 词源解读词源解读ex-(out 出)+tens(to stretch 伸展)+-ion(名词后缀)伸出 延伸建筑物的建筑物的延伸延伸部分部分电话的电话的延伸延伸部分部分digest近两年的高考英语语篇来源，很多文章都出自美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）、美国国家公共电台（NPR）、科学美国人（Scientific American）、每日邮报（Daily Mail）、读者文摘（Readers digest）、经济学人（The Economist）等。对于想要学好英语的同学来说，阅读外刊是必不可少的重要环节。读者文摘（Readers

7、Digest），美国杂志，在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊，月刊。是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。vi&vt 消化：消化：digest food This food digests well/ill.vt 理解；领会：理解；领会：As Francis Bacon once said,“Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.”n

8、 C 摘要；文摘摘要；文摘 digestion n U&C常用单数消化；消化能力常用单数消化；消化能力digest v具体到抽象消化消化digest（基本义）（基本义）“消化”食物等“消化”知识等消化消化理解；领会理解；领会digest 语义网络图语义网络图知识拓展知识拓展Some books are to be tasted,others to be swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。这句话出自弗朗西斯培根的培根随笔。原句为：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读

9、其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。指出了“粗读、泛读、精读”三种不同读书方法。弗朗西斯培根（Francis Bacon）是英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人。essential古代希腊哲学家认为世间除了常见的水、火、土、气等四种物质外，还存在第五种物质(quinta essential)，第五种物质是万物之精华，弥漫在所有其他物质中，是将四种物质有机组合的最重要因素。essential 词源义为“本质的本质的”。essential adj必不可少的；最重要的必不可少的；最重要的 extremely imp

10、ortant and necessary(vital)；本质的本质的:Sun and water is/are essential to the growth of crops.The words are essential for everybody to learn English.it is essential+that.(should)do sth:It is essential that you get a visa before you travel to the USA.it is essential for sb to do sth:It is essential for hi

11、gh-new technology enterprises to strengthen competitive power.【词汇拓展】【词汇拓展】essentially adv 本质上本质上；根本上根本上(basically)看到上面两幅图，大家很容易想到风能和太阳能，这些自然能源即为“替代能源”（alternative energy）。此时，alternative 译为“可替代的”。alternativealternative adj 只用于名词前只用于名词前 可供替代的；可供选择的可供替代的；可供选择的 that you can use,do,etc.instead of sth els

12、e：an alternative method of learning The way was blocked,so we went by an alternative road.非传统的；另类的非传统的；另类的 different from what is usual or traditional：an alternative lifestyle alternative energy 替代能源替代能源（指太阳能、风能、水能等指太阳能、风能、水能等）alternative n C 选择；供选择的东西：选择；供选择的东西：Minibuses with seats for 12 passenger

13、s offer an alternative to expensive taxis and crowded public transport.have no alternative but to do sth 除了做某事别无选择：除了做某事别无选择：I had no alternative but to report him to the police.【拓展】【拓展】alternatively adv 引出第二种选择或可能的建议引出第二种选择或可能的建议 二者选一地；或者：二者选一地；或者：I could come to your house,or alternatively we coul

14、d meet in town.三个词中，三个词中，alternative 最正式，最正式，choice 较较 option 稍非正式。稍非正式。option,choice 或或 alternative 均可表示可选择的事物。均可表示可选择的事物。alternative 较常用以指两个选择，后可接介词较常用以指两个选择，后可接介词 to：You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly;those are the two alternatives.表示选择权或选择的自由时最常用表示选择权或选择的自由时最常用 choice，有时也可用，有时也可

15、用 option，但通常，但通常不用不用 alternative：Do I have a choice of what color to paint my room?option 也指计算机程序里的选项、选择。也指计算机程序里的选项、选择。【辨析辨析】alternative,choice,optionroot注：注：root 由植物等的由植物等的“根根”，衍生到问题的，衍生到问题的“根源根源”。Tree roots 树根树根root words 词根词根root cause 根本原因根本原因rootn C 根；根源；起源；词根：根；根源；起源；词根：tree rootsMoney is oft

16、en said to be the root of all evil.After 20 years in America,he still feels his roots are in China.Modern pop music has its roots in the folk songs of black Americans.Words often come from the same root.vi&vt（使）生根；（使）扎根：（使）生根；（使）扎根：With mothers words deeply rooted in my soul,I never doubted we would

17、 succeed.root up 连根拔起连根拔起名词动词化名词动词化前缀前缀 ex-前缀 ex-意为“out”，因此以此类词缀开头的单词大多都含有 _之意。ex-+tens(to stretch)+-ion extension n ex-+tract(to draw)extract v ex-+port(to carry)export v ex-+it(to go)exit n ex-+pand(to spread,stretch)expand v ex-+press(to press)express v ex-+pect(to look)expect v ex-+pose(to place

18、)expose v延伸；扩大；扩建部分延伸；扩大；扩建部分提取；提炼；拔出提取；提炼；拔出出口出口出口；通道；退出出口；通道；退出扩展；扩大；（使）膨胀扩展；扩大；（使）膨胀表达表达期望；预料；等待期望；预料；等待使暴露；揭露；使面临；使接触使暴露；揭露；使面临；使接触向向外外形容词后缀形容词后缀 -y形容词后缀-y 可加在名词后构成形容词，意为“充满充满的的(full of)”或“有有特质的特质的 (characterised by)”。salt（盐）+-y salty adj water（水）+-y watery adj smoke（烟）+-y smoky adj mud（泥）+-y mu

19、ddy adj blood（血）+-y bloody adj rose（玫瑰）+-y rosy adj silk（丝绸）+-y silky adj sleep（睡眠）+-y sleepy adj 咸的咸的 /含盐的含盐的充满水的充满水的 /与水有关的与水有关的烟雾弥漫的烟雾弥漫的 /冒出大量烟的冒出大量烟的沾满泥的沾满泥的 /泥泞的泥泞的血淋淋的血淋淋的 /流血的流血的美好的美好的丝绸一样的丝绸一样的困倦的困倦的 /瞌睡的瞌睡的随堂检测随堂检测extension写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.They are hoping to get an exten

20、sion of their loan._ 2.Were building an extension to our house._3.When you call,ask for extension 3276._分机分机延长延长扩建部分扩建部分digest写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Cheese doesnt digest easily._2.They learn well but seem to need time to digest information._3.All this has upset me.I need time to digest

21、it all._4.I read only this digest of the novel._5.The president started reading the press digest over breakfast._6.Porridge（粥）is good for digestion._7.It can be said that happiness is a kind of attitude,feeling and digestion._承受；消化承受；消化摘要摘要新闻摘要新闻摘要消化消化理解；领会理解；领会领悟领悟消化消化essential将下列句子译成英语。将下列句子译成英语。1

22、.均衡的饮食对于健康至关重要。_2.我们必须尽快作出决定。_3.提前预定是有必要的。_ A balanced diet is essential for good health.It is essential that we make a decision as soon as possible.It is essential to book in advance.alternative一一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astron

23、omical（天文的）incidents.But alternative explanations are hard to find.（2017 江苏）_2.I was a student who went on alternative break trips,and had my life totally transformed by that experience.（2011 天津）_非传统假期旅行非传统假期旅行别的解释别的解释二、二、根据所给汉语，根据所给汉语，用适当的词块用适当的词块完成完成下列下列句子。句子。1.If we expect people to give up the h

24、abit of driving,we must give them _（他们能够信赖的替代物）.（2014 山东）2.Do you have _（解决这个问题的其他方法）in your mind?3.Facing energy crisis,more new _（替代能源）is needed to search for.4.Im afraid _（我别无他法，只有让你离开）.5._（除了咖啡有没有其他选择）on the menu?(n)an alternative they can rely on an alternative method of solving the problemalte

25、rnative energyIs there an alternative to coffeeI have no alternative but to ask you to leaveroot一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。一、写出下列句子中画线部分的汉语释义。1.Tree roots drink a lot of water,so remember to water what you plant._2.“Press”is the root of“impress”,“express”,“depress”and“pressure”._3.We need to get to the root

26、 of the problem before we can solve it.（2015 天津）_4.Desert elephants seldom root up trees and break fewer branches,and thus maintain what little food sources are available._二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。二、根据所给词块，将句子译成英语。爵士乐起源于美国南部各州的民歌。(has its roots in sth)_树根树根连根拔起连根拔起Jazz has its roots in the folk songs of the southern states of the US.词根词根根源根源谢谢谢谢观观赏赏