第9讲-动词的时态和语态课件.pptx

1、栏目索引总纲目录考点1 动词八大时态的辨析考点2 动词的被动语态试真题试真题练易练易栏目索引总纲目录考点1 一般现在时态的构成以及用法考点2 一般过去时态的构成以及用法考点3 一般将来时态的构成以及用法考点4 现在进行时态的构成以及用法诠考点诠考点学易学易思维导图考点清单考点5 过去进行时态的构成以及用法考点6 现在完成时态的构成以及用法考点7 过去完成时态的构成以及用法栏目索引总纲目录考点8 过去将来时态的构成以及用法考点 被动语态的构成以及用法栏目索引试真题练易考点考点1 1 动词八大时态的辨析动词八大时态的辨析1.(2018云南)Jack a shower when his mother

2、 rang him up.(D)A.takes B.has takenC.is takingD.was taking2.(2018昆明)How was the volleyball game yesterday?Oh,it was fantastic!We so much fun.(B)A.have B.hadC.are having D.will have试真题练易栏目索引试真题练易3.(2018曲靖)What do you think of your junior high school life?It some sweet memories in my heart in the past

3、 three years.(C)A.leave B.leftC.has left D.will leave4.(2017云南)What do you think of your hometown,Kate?It a lot.Its more beautiful than before.(A)A.has changed B.changesC.will change D.change栏目索引试真题练易5.(2017曲靖)Do you know when Nick is leaving?He for half an hour.(D)A.will leaveB.leftC.has left D.has

4、 been away6.(2017昆明)Did you do anything interesting last Sunday?Not really.I just at home.(B)A.stayB.stayedC.will stayD.am staying栏目索引试真题练易7.(2016云南)Can John play soccer with us,Mrs.Black?One moment,please.He on the phone to his cousin.(D)A.talksB.talkedC.talkingD.is talking8.(2016昆明)Look!A dog a bl

5、ind man across the road.(C)A.leadsB.leadC.is leadingD.led9.(2016曲靖)Is your bike new?No,its an old one.I it for three years.(C)A.has boughtB.have boughtC.have had D.has had栏目索引试真题练易考点考点2 2 动词的被动语态动词的被动语态10.(2016曲靖)Do you like the famous basketball star Kobe?Yes,I really like him.He by many people aro

6、und the world.(C)A.admire B.admiresC.is admiredD.is admiring栏目索引试真题练易11.(2018曲靖)Nowadays China for its new“four inventions”shared bicycles,electronic payments,high-speed railways and online shopping.(D)A.was knowingB.was knownC.is knowing D.is known12.(2018云南模拟)The mobile phone in 1973.(A)A.was inve

7、ntedB.is inventedC.invented D.invents 栏目索引试真题练易13.(2017河南)Why are you leaving your job?I cant stand it any longer.I always to workovertime.(B)A.am;asking B.am;askedC.was;askingD.was;asked14.(2018邵阳)Wugang Airport last year?(C)A.Did;buildB.Had;builtC.Was;built栏目索引试真题练易15.(2018盐城)A lot of new roads in

8、 order to develop the villages in the next five years.(D)A.builtB.were builtC.buildD.will be built栏目索引诠考点学易思维导图思维导图 诠考点学易栏目索引诠考点学易一、八大时态一、八大时态考点清单考点清单考点考点1 1 一般现在时态的构成以及用法一般现在时态的构成以及用法1.一般现在时态的构成(有人称和数的变化)(1)以be动词为例句式第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句I am.We are.You are.He/She/It is.They are.否定句I am not.We are not.You

9、 are not.He/She/It is not.They are not.一般疑问句Am I.?Are we.?Are you.?Is he/she/it.?Are they.?栏目索引诠考点学易(2)以实义动词work为例句式第一人称第二人称第三人称肯定句I/We work.You work.He/She/It works.They work.否定句I/We dont work.You dont work.He/She/It doesnt work.They dont work.一般疑问句Do I/we work?Do you work?Does he/she/it work?Do th

10、ey work?栏目索引诠考点学易注意注意在一般现在时态中,当主语为第三人称单数时,实义动词需要作相应形式的变化,一般动词加-s;以-s、-x、-ch、-sh等结尾且读音为s、z、t等和以“辅音+o”结尾的动词,一般加-es;以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,变y为i加-es。2.一般现在时态的用法一般现在时态的用法一般现在时态常常用来表示当前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。(1)表示经常或反复发生的动作(经常与时间状语usually、always、often、ev-ery day、sometimes等连用)。栏目索引诠考点学易如:He often plays basketball with hi

11、s classmates after school.他经常放学后和同学一起打篮球。She goes to school on foot every day.她每天走路去上学。(2)表示当前的状态或情况。如:She lives in a small village.她住在一个小村庄。Do you like computer games?你喜欢电脑游戏吗?(3)表示世界上的客观真理。如:The sun rises in the east.太阳从东边升起。栏目索引诠考点学易(4)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。如:If we hurry up,we can catch the trai

12、n.如果我们快一点,我们可以赶上火车。(5)表示按时间表、计划、规定将要发生的动作。如:The train leaves at 8 oclock.火车八点发车。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练1.(2018武汉)My sister the piano very well,but she hasnt had time to play recently.(D)A.will playB.has playedC.playedD.plays2.(2018河北)Gary is the best singer in my class.No one else so well.(A)A.sings B.san

13、gC.will singD.is singing栏目索引诠考点学易3.(2018恩施)Do you think if Robert will go to the zoo tomorrow?I think he will go if he too much homework.(C)A.dont haveB.wont haveC.doesnt have4.(2018云南模拟)How do you usually go to school?I usually to school on foot.(A)A.go B.wentC.was goingD.will go栏目索引诠考点学易5.(2017重庆A

14、卷)As soon as the rain ,they will go out to pick apples.(A)A.stops B.stoppedC.will stopD.is stopping栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点2 2 一般过去时态的构成以及用法一般过去时态的构成以及用法1.一般过去时态的构成一般过去时态的构成主语加上动词的过去式(以be动词和实义动词go为例)。肯定句:She was at home yesterday.否定句:She was not at home yesterday.一般疑问句:Was she at home yesterday?肯定句:She went to

15、 Kunming last summer vacation.否定句:She didnt go to Kunming last summer vacation.一般疑问句:Did she go to Kunming last summer vacation?栏目索引诠考点学易2.一般过去时态的用法一般过去时态的用法一般过去时态常常用来表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态(经常与yesterday、just now、last week、in 2013、a year ago等时间状语连用)。如:Lily ate 3 eggs this morning.莉莉今

16、早吃了三个鸡蛋。She took a shower yesterday evening.她昨晚洗了个澡。(2)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作(经常与always、usually、often、some-times、never等时间状语连用)。如:I never drank coffee.我以前从不喝咖啡。栏目索引诠考点学易(3)在条件状语从句或者时间状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将要发生的动作。如:She told me she would call me as soon as she arrived in China.她告诉我一到中国她就会打电话给我。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练6.(2

17、017重庆B卷)John and I to visit his grandparents last Sunday after-noon.(B)A.go B.wentC.will goD.have gone7.(2017武汉)Linda is not coming for the party tonight.But she !(B)A.promises B.promisedC.will promise D.had promised栏目索引诠考点学易8.(2018武汉)I still dont know what while I was away from home.Youll know it a

18、ll some day,I believe.(D)A.had happenedB.would happenC.has happenedD.happened9.(2018扬州)Hi,guys,please write three facts you last term in your pro-ject.(A)A.learned B.are learningC.have learnedD.learn栏目索引诠考点学易10.(2018河北)The bread is really delicious.Thank you.I it myself.(B)A.make B.madeC.will makeD.

19、am making栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点3 3 一般将来时态的构成以及用法一般将来时态的构成以及用法1.一般将来时态的构成一般将来时态的构成主语+shall/will/be going to+动词原形(英式英语中第一人称常用shall,美式英语中不论第几人称都用will)。2.一般将来时态的用法一般将来时态的用法(1)一般将来时态表示将要发生的动作,常常与以下时间状语连用:in the fu-ture,in 2020,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,this Friday,next month等。如:Lucy will be back in two days

20、.露西将在两天后回来。There is going to be a football match in our school this Friday.这周五将有一场足球比赛在我们学校举行。栏目索引诠考点学易注意注意“will+动词原形”与“be going to+动词原形”的区别:will+动词原形a:表示将来可能会发生的动作如:I will travel around the world one day.总有一天我会环游世界。b:表示必定会发生的客观事实如:He will be 18 next month.下个月他就十八岁了。c:表示某种意愿如:I will do anything that

21、 I can.我会做任何我能做的事。栏目索引诠考点学易be going to+动词原形a:根据某种迹象推断即将发生的事 如:Black clouds mean it is going to rain.乌云预示着要下雨了。b:表示某种打算如:I am going to study abroad.我打算出国留学。(2)现在进行时表示将来,往往是指计划好或者准备要做的事,常与一些表示动作转换的非延续性动词连用。如:leave,go,come,begin,start,stay,arrive等。如:Teachers Day is coming.教师节就要到了。He is leaving universi

22、ty in one year.他一年后就毕业了。栏目索引诠考点学易(3)在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。如:I will tell you the truth as soon as you come here.你一到这里我就会告诉你真相。If it is sunny tomorrow,we will have a picnic.如果明天天气晴朗,我们就去野餐。(4)be about to do表示马上就要发生的事情。如:The TV show is about to start.电视节目就要开始了。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练11.(2018江西)We a party

23、 for Kate.Its supposed to be a surprise.(C)A.were havingB.hadC.will haveD.have had栏目索引诠考点学易12.(2018黄石)If I a two-week holiday next year,I will take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.(B)A.took B.takeC.will takeD.are taking13.(2018临沂)The TV news reports that there a storm the day after

24、to-morrow.(C)A.isB.wasC.will beD.has been栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点4 4 现在进行时态的构成以及用法现在进行时态的构成以及用法1.现在进行时态的构成现在进行时态的构成肯定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+动词的现在分词否定句:主语+be(am/is/are)+not+动词的现在分词疑问句:Be(Am/Is/Are)+主语+动词的现在分词.?2.现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法现在进行时主要用于表示当前一段时间内或者现在正在进行的动作或状态。(1)表示说话时正在进行的动作或状态,这种用法往往表示动作已经开始,说栏目索引诠考点学易话时没完成,仍在继续进

25、行。常与right now,now,at this moment等时间状语连用。如:It is raining outside now.现在外面正下着雨。I am listening to the radio now.我现在正在听广播。(2)表示在目前阶段或当下一段时间内在做的事或现在持续的状态,但说话时未必正在做。如:I am teaching in a university.我在一所大学教书。(3)表示某种特定的情感,常与always,forever,constantly,continually等词连用,表示说话者赞扬、厌恶、生气、不满等情感。栏目索引诠考点学易如:She is alway

26、s helping others.(表示赞扬)她总是帮助别人。The boy is constantly lying.(表示厌恶)这个男孩总是撒谎。注意注意以下动词通常不用于进行时态a:表示感官的词 look,feel,see,hear,sound,smell,tasteb:表示喜好的词:like,love,hate,dislikec:表示归属的词:have,belong to,own,possessd:表示心理活动的词:want,hope,wish,know,agree栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练14.(2017河南)Paul,Im busy cooking.Can you give

27、me a hand?Just a minute.I my e-mail.(A)A.am checkingB.will checkC.have checkedD.was checking15.(2018邵阳)Where is Jim?Look!He under the tree.(A)A.is standingB.stoodC.stands栏目索引诠考点学易16.(2018重庆B卷)Listen!Mr.Black a talk on robots in the hall.(B)A.gives B.is givingC.will gaveD.gave17.(2017河北)Dont take the

28、 dictionary away.I it.(C)A.use B.usedC.am usingD.have used栏目索引诠考点学易18.(2019原创预测)Peter,would you mind turning down the TV?Your father .(C)A.sleeps B.sleptC.is sleepingD.was sleeping栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点5 5 过去进行时态的构成以及用法过去进行时态的构成以及用法1.过去进行时态的构成过去进行时态的构成主语+be(was/were)+动词的现在分词。2.过去进行时态的用法过去进行时态的用法(1)表示过去某一个时刻或

29、者某一个时间段内正在做的事情。常与this time yesterday,at that time等时间状语连用,也可以与while,when,as引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用。如:What were you doing at 8 oclock yesterday?你昨晚八点在干什么?I was doing my homework at that moment.那时我在做作业。栏目索引诠考点学易(2)表示过去的一个动作发生之时,另一个动作正在进行。如:They were reading in the library when the rainstorm came.暴风雨来临的时候他们正在图

30、书馆里看书。(3)表示过去的两个动作同时进行,此时可用while来连接。如:Jean was dancing while we were singing.我们在唱歌的时候琼在跳舞。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练19.(2018江西)Sorry Im late.I with a friend and I completely forgot the time.(C)A.talkB.am talkingC.was talkingD.will talk 20.(2018成都)Yesterday,I the subway home when I suddenly found I was on the

31、 wrong line.(B)A.tookB.was takingC.had taken栏目索引诠考点学易21.(2017兰州)When you me last night,I the piano.(D)A.were calling;was playingB.were calling;playedC.called;playedD.called;was playing栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点6 6 现在完成时态的构成以及用法现在完成时态的构成以及用法1.现在完成时态的构成现在完成时态的构成主语+have/has+动词的过去分词。2.现在完成时态的用法现在完成时态的用法(1)现在完成时态的已完成

32、用法:表示过去发生或已完成的动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。如:I have lost my wallet.我的钱包丢了。(含义是现在我没有钱花了)Jane has just had lunch.简刚刚吃过午饭。(含义是简现在不饿了)栏目索引诠考点学易Mike has been ill.迈克生病了。(含义是现在仍然很虚弱)(2)现在完成时态的未完成用法:过去发生的动作一直延续到现在,而且有可能继续持续下去。如:I have taught English at this school for five years.我在这所学校教了五年英语了。

33、We have lived here since 2008.我们从2008年开始就一直住在这里。3.现在完成时态中几组常用词的用法现在完成时态中几组常用词的用法(1)ever和neverever意为“在任何时候;从来”,常用于疑问句或否定句中;never意为“从不”。栏目索引诠考点学易如:Have you ever been to Dali?你去过大理吗?No,I have never been to Dali.没有,我从来没有去过大理。(2)already和yetalready用于肯定句中,yet用于否定句和疑问句中。如:He has already finished his homewor

34、k.他已经做完了他的作业。He hasnt finished his homework yet.他还没有完成他的作业。(3)since和forsince+过去的某个时间点栏目索引诠考点学易since+一段时间+agosince+从句(从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时态)for+一段时间如:The factory has been here since the 1970s.这家工厂从20世纪70年代起就在这里了。They have been married for 20 years.他们结婚20年了。They have lived in that house since 1 year ago.一年前

35、,他们就住在那个房子里了。Lucy has stayed at home since she left school.露西从学校毕业后就一直待在家里。栏目索引诠考点学易(4)have/has been to和have/has gone tohave/has been to表示去了某地已经回来have/has gone to表示去了某地还没有回来如:My father has been to Lijiang.我爸爸去过丽江。(现在不在丽江)My father has gone to Lijiang.我爸爸去了丽江。(现在在丽江或在去丽江的路上)补充:have been in意为“在某地待了多长时

36、间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。栏目索引诠考点学易注意注意现在完成时态与一段时间连用时,谓语动词应该是延续性动词,但在否定句中非延续性动词可以和一段时间连用。They have got married for a week.(错误)They have been married for a week.(正确)He has fallen asleep for two hours.(错误)He has been asleep for two hours.(正确)栏目索引诠考点学易非延续性动词延续性动词diebe deadleavebe awaybegin/startbe onfinish/endb

37、e overbecomebeborrowkeepbuyhavejoinbe infall asleepbe asleepput onwear常用的非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的互换:栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练22.(2018盐城)I my card.I want to report it.You can call the bank to report the loss.It would be faster.(D)A.lose B.was losingC.will lose D.have lost23.(2018青岛)Its time to work now.OK.Ill wake Ca

38、rl up.He for an hour.(B)A.has fallen asleep B.has been asleepC.fell asleep D.falls asleep栏目索引诠考点学易24.(2018福建A卷)China great achievements in science and technology since 1978.(C)A.makesB.madeC.has made25.(2017重庆A卷)In the past few years,many schools the ways of doing morning exercises.(D)A.change B.cha

39、ngesC.will changeD.have changed栏目索引诠考点学易26.(2017武汉)How are you today?Oh,I as ill as I do now for a long time.(D)A.didnt feelB.wasnt feelingC.dont feel D.havent felt栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点7 7 过去完成时态的构成以及用法过去完成时态的构成以及用法1.过去完成时态的构成过去完成时态的构成主语+had+动词的过去分词。如:Tom had left before we arrived.在我们到达之前,汤姆已经离开了。2.过去完成时态的

40、用法过去完成时态的用法(1)过去完成时态的已完成用法:指一个动作或状态在过去某一个特定时间或某一动作之前已经发生或完成,表示“过去的过去”,常与过去完成时态连用的时间状语有:by that time、before I arrived、by the end of last year等。栏目索引诠考点学易如:She had arrived at the village before eight last night.昨晚八点前她就已经到达这个村庄。When I got outside,the bus had already left.当我出去的时候,公交车已经开走了。(2)过去完成时态的未完成用法

41、:一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间,而且到那时还没有结束,有可能继续下去。常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。如:He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here.搬到这里以前,他已经在那家工厂工作了五年。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练27.(2018模拟练习)The meeting by the time I got there yesterday.(C)A.was on B.has been onC.had begun D.has begun28.(2018模拟练

42、习)By the end of last month,I all the CDs of Justin Bieber.(D)A.collect B.collectedC.have collectedD.had collected栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点8 8 过去将来时态的构成以及用法过去将来时态的构成以及用法1.过去将来时态的构成过去将来时态的构成(1)助动词would/should+动词原形(should用于第一人称)(2)was/were going to+动词原形2.过去将来时态的用法过去将来时态的用法(1)从过去的某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句为一般过去时态的宾语

43、从句中表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之后。如:She told me she would come.她告诉我她会来的。(2)“was/were going to+动词原形”表示过去打算或准备要做的事,也可以表栏目索引诠考点学易示过去根据某种迹象推断要发生的事情。如:She was going to attend that party.她会去参加那个派对。I thought it was going to rain soon.我想马上就要下雨了。Ann said that she was going to travel to Beijing the next day.安说她第二天要去北京旅游。(3

44、)用过去进行时表示过去即将发生的事情(常用过去进行时表示过去将来的动词有:leave,go,come,begin,start等)。如:He said he was leaving for China.他说他要去中国了。栏目索引诠考点学易题组训练题组训练29.(2019原创)I didnt know if he .(C)Aes B.will comeC.would comeD.came30.It seemed as if it .(D)A.will rain B.rainsC.was rainingD.was going to rain栏目索引诠考点学易31.He said he to see

45、me some time next week.(A)A.would come B.will comeC.cameDes栏目索引诠考点学易考点考点 被动语态的构成以及用法被动语态的构成以及用法1.八大时态被动语态的构成八大时态被动语态的构成基本结构为“be+动词的过去分词”二、被动语态二、被动语态时态被动语态的构成一般现在时am/is/are+动词的过去分词一般过去时was/were+动词的过去分词一般将来时will/shall/be going to+be+动词的过去分词现在进行时am/is/are+being+动词的过去分词过去进行时was/were+being+动词的过去分词现在完成时ha

46、ve/has+been+动词的过去分词过去完成时had+been+动词的过去分词过去将来时would+be+动词的过去分词栏目索引诠考点学易2.含情态动词的被动语态含情态动词的被动语态肯定句:主语+情态动词+be+动词的过去分词如:The bike can be repaired this afternoon.自行车今天下午就能被修好。否定句:主语+情态动词+not+be+动词的过去分词如:Cars mustnt be parked here.汽车不能停在这里。一般疑问句:情态动词+主语+be+动词的过去分词?如:Should the flowers be watered every day?

47、花每天都要浇水吗?栏目索引诠考点学易3.被动语态的用法被动语态的用法(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁时,用被动语态。如:This bridge was built in 1981.这座桥是1981年被建造的。(2)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如:Chinese is spoken all over the world.世界各地都说汉语。(3)出于礼貌而不说出动作的执行者。如:My cup was broken this afternoon.我的杯子今天下午被摔碎了。(4)动作的执行者不是人的时候。如:The window was blown open by wind.

48、窗户被风吹开了。栏目索引诠考点学易4.主动语态和被动语态的转换主动语态和被动语态的转换(1)将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。若主动句中的宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变成主格。(2)谓语动词变成相应的被动形式,即be+过去分词。注意助动词be既要保持主动句的时态,又要与被动句的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。(3)把主动句中的主语变成被动句中的宾语。若主动句中的主语是人称代词,则将主格变成宾格,并由by引导。此时,by引导的介词短语放在谓语动词之后,有时可以省略。如:Many people speak English.(主动句)English is spoken by many people.(被动句)

49、栏目索引诠考点学易5.被动语态需要注意的几个问题被动语态需要注意的几个问题(1)不及物动词没有被动语态。常考的有:happen,take place,appear,disappear等。(2)在使役动词have,make,let以及感官动词see,watch,hear,feel等后面用不定式作宾语补足语时,在主动语态中不定式to要省略,但变为被动语态时,要加to。如:I saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.(3)许多由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的短语动词,相当于及

50、物动词,可以栏目索引诠考点学易有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。如:We should speak to old men politely.Old men should be spoken to politely.(4)主动语态中,若谓语动词带双宾语,变为被动语态时,直接宾语和间接宾语都可作主语。直接宾语作主语时,要在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。但间接宾语作主语时则无需加介词。如:She gave me a book.I was given a book.A book was given to me.栏目索引诠考