（牛津版深圳版）英语九年级下册全册课文知识点（详细）.doc

1、（牛津版深圳版）英语九年级下册课文知识点Unit 1 Great explorationsThe voyages of Zheng HeZheng He was a famous Chinese explorer. In 1404, he set off from China on the first of seven great voyages. This was nearly a century before Christopher Columbus first set sail on his journey of discovery to America. His travels wer

2、e so important that they are still studied today.Zheng He was born in Yunnan in 1371. He rose to become a trusted official of the Yongle Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. The emperor ordered Zheng He to visit and explore the lands outside China. His task was to develop relations and set up trade routes w

3、ith foreign countries. In a few years, he built a great fleet of ships, the biggest in the world at that time. The ships were known as treasure ships. They were big enough to carry 25,000 people as well as very large quantities of goods.From 1405 to 1433, Zheng He went on seven trips and visited Sou

4、th-East Asia, the Middle East and even the east coast of Africa. It seemed that nowhere was too far for him to visit. These voyages allowed China to trade valuable goods like gold, silver and silk. At the end of each voyage, Zheng He returned with many things that were seen in China for the first ti

5、me, such as a giraffe from Africa. Besides developing trade, the voyages also encouraged the exchange of cultures and technologies. They helped the development of those countries and regions.Zheng He died in 1433 during his last voyage. However, his voyages were such a huge achievement that people s

6、till remember him as a pioneer in opening up cultural contacts between different peoples around the world. Voyage n. v. 航行 trip n. 旅行 travel n. v. 旅行 journey n. 旅行 be famous/well known for 因而著名 be famous/well known as 作为而著名 Explore v. 探索 explorer n. 探险家 exploration n. 探险 adventure n. 冒险 Set up 建立 se

7、t off 出发 a set of 一组 Sail set sail on扬帆起航 Discovery 发现= find （强调结果） n. discover v. 发现 uncover v. 揭露 Important 重要的 adj. Be important to 对.很重要 importance n. 重要性 Be born in 出生于. Rise to 提高 rise vi. 升起，上涨 raise vt. 举起，提高，筹钱，抚养。 Order order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事；give sb an order= give an order to sb 给某人一个

8、命令 Develop v. 发展 developed adj. 发达的 developing 发展中的 development 发展 Relation 关系 relative 亲戚 relationship 关系，联系 Foreign 外国的 foreigner 外国人 go abroad 出国 Big enough to 足够大的 so. that 太.以致于 too.to 太.而不能 As well as 和 = with = along with 就远原则 Seem 好像Seem to do / that 好像. it seems/appears that Allow allow sb

9、to do sth 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth 允许做某事 be allowed to do 被允许做某事Tell sb not to do 告诉某人不要做 ask sb to do 请求某人做allow sb to do 允许某人做expect sb to do 期待某人做 End in the end 终于 at the end of 在.的结束时 by the end of 到.为止 Encourage sb. to do 鼓励某人做. Exchange 交流 exchange student 交换生21 Culture 文化 cultural 文化的22 all o

10、ver the world 全世界 =around/across/throughout the worldMore practiceMarco PoloBy West Lake, in the city of Hangzhou, there is a small statue of a traveler. His name was Marco Polo.Marco Polo grew up in the city of Venice, in present-day Italy. In 1271, when he was 17 years old, he set off on a journey

11、 to Asia with his father and uncle, and did not return home until 24 years later. His travels took him across Asia, along the Silk Road and throughout China. He loved Hangzhou so much that he described it as “the finest city in the world”.When Polo finally returned to Venice, there was a war and he

12、was captured. While he was in prison, he told the stories of his travels to another man there. This man wrote the stories down in a book called The Travels of Marco Polo. Because of the interesting descriptions of Asian life in the book, Polos travels soon became well known in Europe.The stories gav

13、e many Europeans their first look at the life and culture of the people in Asia. Polo told of many amazing things that were unknown to Europe, such as paper money. He also wrote about Chinas development, with its large cities and systems of communication. His book made Europeans more and more intere

14、sted in the East. It also influenced many other explorers, including Christopher Columbus. Polo died in 1324. His last words were: “I did not tell half of what I saw.” statue 雕像 status 身份，地位 Grow up 成长 grow 变得 old 变老 become, turn, get, go, 系动词 + 形容词 Present adj. 现在的 v. 提出 n. 礼物 at present 现在 =nowada

15、ys Across 跨过，在对面。Across the world 遍及世界=all over the world=around/throughout the world Along 沿着 along with 和 get along with 与.相处好 Describe as 把.描述成. description n. 描述 Another 另一个other 其他的others 其他的人/物the other 另外的the others 其余的 Called 称作= named be called/named as 被称作. Because of as a result of =owing

16、 to= due to=thanks to 因为 Well known= famous be famous/well known for 因而著名 be famous/well known as 作为而著名 Unknown 不知道= unaware be unaware of 未察觉到. with和 （=falong with=as well as，就远原则） 带着 take with 使用 write with a pen Communicate 交流，沟通 v. communication 交流 n. Influence n. v. 影响 = affect v. = effect n. h

17、ave influence on 对.有影响Unit 2 Culture shockLiving in another countryMy name is Brad Li. Im here today to tell you about my experience as an exchange student in the United States last year.I must admit that at first America was a big culture shock for me. Many things were strange to me, the food and e

18、ven the school.I stayed with a host family in a small town. My host parents, Mr and Mrs Hurst, were very kind. They organized a lot of activities for me in my spare time so that I wouldnt miss home or feel lonely.However, to a certain degree, life in the US was hard to get used to. My main problem w

19、as with the language. I failed to understand much in the first few weeks because everyone spoke so fast. Though I soon managed to get used to it, I still had problems because they used a lot of idioms. For example, they often say they are “under the weather” when they are ill. Their everyday English

20、 is very different from what we learn in China.Another difference was the food. My host family always had bread, potatoes and salad for meals. I really missed the dumplings, rice and delicious dishes from home.School was a big shock too. They do not require students to wear uniforms, so students can

21、 wear almost whatever they like. Some students have strange hairstyles as well. Some students even have pink or purple hair!Anyway, I have many great memories of that year, especially playing in the snow in winter, and playing baseball. At Halloween, I went to a party dressed as Harry Potter. At Tha

22、nksgiving, we had a big dinner with a huge turkey.It was an exciting year, and it was a valuable education for me. Now I understand more about American culture. My American friends asked me many questions about life in China, and this made me think about my own culture as well. Another 另一个other 其他的o

23、thers 其他的人/物the other 另外的the others 其余的 Experience n. 经验（不可数） n. 经历 （可数） v. 经历 Admit 承认 doing/that 承认做过. Organize v. 组织 organizer 组织者 organization n.组织 In my spare time = in my free time 在我空闲时间 Miss 错过，想念 missing 丢失的 lost 失去的，迷路的 Lonely 孤单的 alone 单独的 Certain 当然的，一定的 =sure Get used to 习惯于use to do 用.

24、去做；be used to do 被用来做；be used to doing 习惯于；used to 过去常常 Fail to do 不能做. manage to do 设法做成 = succeed in doing manage it= make it 成功做. Really= truly 真正的 actually 事实上= in fact As well 也（句尾） = too（句尾） = also（句中） Require 需要= need = want require sb. To do Especially 尤其，特别 Education 教育 higher education 高等教

25、育 Think about 考虑= considerThink of 想出= come up withThink over 仔细考虑 more practiceEducation in the UKEvery child in the UK must receive a full-time education until the age of 16. Parents can choose to send their children either to a state school, which is free, or to a private school, where a fee is r

26、equired.The school year is generally divided into three term. Each term ends in a holiday. The summer holiday is the longest and usually lasts from the middle of July to the beginning of September.Education has two main stagesprimary school and secondary school. Primary schools are for students from

27、 the age of 5 to 11. The main subjects are Maths, English, History, Geography, Science, Art, Music and PE. Secondary schools are for students from the age of 11 to 16 or 18. The same subjects are taught there, as well as other subjects such as foreign languages (usually French, German or Spanish), T

28、echnology and Computer Studies.After the age of 16, students can either finds a job or continue their studies at a school or college until they are 18. Between the age of 16 and 18, students must choose only three or four subjects to study. At the end of the two years, they must take some important

29、exams. If they do well, they can then go on to study at university. There are over 100 universities in the UK, and the most famous are the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge.receive收到full-time 专职的；全日制的 part-time 兼职的until 直到，前面是用延续性动词not until 前面是短暂性动词choose to do sth. 选择去做某事 chose-

30、choseneitheror 或者或者 neithernor 既不也不a state school 公立学校which 引导非限定性定语从句private私人的 private school 私立学校where 引导非限定性定语从句require需要；要求generally通常divide into分成terms学期；术语lasts fromto 从持续到stage 阶段；舞台primary school小学 elementary schoolsecondary school中学 middle schoolas well as 以及；也 （就远原则）such as 例如 like; inclu

31、ding for exampletechnology技术At the end of 在最后take exams/take an exam 考试go on to do 继续做其他的事 go on doing 继续做原来的事Unit 3 readingThe world is in dangerOur world is in danger. We must do something to protect the environment. But, what are the main problems we face?The greenhouse effectThe atmosphere aroun

32、d the Earth is necessary for all living things. It is like the glass of a greenhouse, letting sunlight in and keeping heat from getting out. Without it, the Earth would be the same as the Mooncold and lifeless.When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, we produce a gas called carbon dioxide. Too mu

33、ch of this gas pollutes the atmosphere, and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the Earths temperature is increasing. This causes sea level to rise, and in the future may cause cities to disappear.Cutting down forestsEvery year, we destroy nature by cutting down

34、 huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 （carbon dioxide ）and produce oxygen. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be easily destroyed by rain. This can result in floo

35、ds and even more damage to the environment.Bad habitsMany of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter. This creates mountains of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas.In order to protect the environment, we need to take

36、 proper action. We should be different from many consumers and become “green consumers”. This means that we should only buy and use products friendly to the environment. We should also recycle as many things as we can. We can reuse things for the same purpose as before, or we can use them for new pu

37、rposes. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference.is in danger处于危险之中protect保护protect sb./sth. from 保护不受侵害greenhouse温室 effect影响；效果greenhouseeffect 温室效应atmosphere大气；气氛necessary必需的 It is necessary to do living things 生物keepingfrom doing 阻止（防止）做某事lifeless无生命的burn燃烧fuel

38、s燃料petrol汽油coal煤炭produce生产；产生gas 气体carbon dioxide二氧化碳 too much + un.；too many + cn.；much too + adj. pollutev.污染 pollution n.污染cause引起；原因as a result of 结果temperature温度increase增加sea level海平面disappear消失 =be gone/lost/missingcutting down砍伐 forest森林destroy破坏take in 吸收surface表面soil土地；土壤result in 导致damage损

39、害；损毁throw sth. away扔掉create创造；造成；创作mountains of 大量的in order to 为了 in order that/so thattake proper action采取合适的行动be different from 不同于consumer消费者recycle重复利用purpose目的make a difference有影响More practiceThe journey of a plastic bottleI am a plastic bottle. A week ago, I was on a supermarket shelf. I had a

40、 normal life, the same as all my brothers and sistersother bottles full of water. I felt really happy.Then a tall woman picked me up and put me in her basket! The woman took me home and put me in the fridge. It was cold, but I soon made friends with the cans and bottles in it. However, only a few ho

41、urs later, she took me out of the fridge and drank the water inside me. Then she threw me into a dustbin. I have never felt so empty and alone in my life.Early the next morning, a man took me out of the dustbin. He threw me and the other rubbish into the back of a truck. There were so many horrible

42、smells. Then I was pushed together with the rest of the rubbish. Soon I was completely flat. I cannot believe how thin I became.I slept for a while. When I woke up. I found myself in a terrible place. Everything around me was ugly and had horrible smells. I felt afraid. I kept hoping that I would be

43、 moved somewhere else. Then huge trucks came and covered us with a layer of soil.I asked another bottle what would happen to us. He said that we would never leave this horrible crowded place, but would have to stay here for thousands of years.“Why cant they reuseor recycle us?” I cried.journey旅行plas

44、tic bottle 塑料瓶normal正常的 abnormal 反常的pick sth. up拾起来fridge冰箱made friends with 和交朋友cans金属罐dustbin垃圾箱horrible 可怕的；极讨厌的the rest of剩下的completely 完全地flatadj.平的；n.公寓for a while一会儿keep doing 坚持做某事a layer of 一层crowded拥挤的cry哭泣；喊叫Unit 4 Natural disastersThe great flood Last week in Geographyclass, we learnt th

45、at if all the rice in the North and South Poles melted, sea level around the world would rise, and many cities would be flooded and disappear.It started to worryme. What would happen if our city was badlyflooded? Would anyone remain alive?Last night, I dreamt about a great flood:It was nine oclock i

46、n the morning. My bedroom floor was a pool of water. I looked out of the window. Water was everywhere. It covered roads, parks and small houses. Large objects, such as coaches and boats, passed by my window. They were floating in the water.I could not just stand there! I had to do something!I tried to call my dad, but the line was dead. My computer was still working, so I sent him an email. I wrote, “Dad, theres a flood! What should we do?” He sent me an email back which said, “Kevin, my boss has given me some wo