新编英语语法教程comparativestructures课件.ppt

1、2021/7/261(最新整理)新编英语语法教程comparativestructures2021/7/262 Comparative StructuresI.Comparative structuresA.CS with Positive Degree adj./adv.B.CS with Comparative Degree adj./adv.C.CS with Superlative Degree adj./adv.D.Other comparative structures2021/7/263lightcrowdedswift sensiblenearsilly dangerousna

2、rrowefficientcleverPositive DegreeComparative DegreeSuperlative Degreelighter lightestswifter swiftestnearer nearestmore crowded most crowdedmore sensible most sensible sillier silliestmore dangerous most dangerousnarrower narrowestmore efficient most efficient2021/7/264A.CS with Positive Degree adj

3、./adv.asasa.A boy of sixteen is often as tall as his father.My parcel is as heavy as yours.b.He is as brave as(he is)wise.He writes English as easily as(he)reads it.c.The king is as cruel as the queen is kind.Europeans eat bread as naturally as Asians eat rice.2021/7/265d.He has as much money as he

4、wants.I teach as many students as I did last year.e.You can marry as good a wife as you like.The poor cannot even afford as cheap food as rice.f.London is not as/so modern as New York.He is not so wise as he is witty.I havent seen as humorous a person as Jason.2021/7/266B.CS with Comparative Degree

5、adj./adv.a.more than(more=形容词，副词的比较级）形容词，副词的比较级）Tokyo is bigger than New York.Traveling by train is more comfortable than traveling by bus.Its even colder than yesterday.They worked even harder than they promised.Its easier to do it yourself than(to)explain it to her.2021/7/267b.more+n.+thanb/1 My b

6、rother has a larger house than mine.John is a more efficient worker than Peter.=John is a worker more efficient than Peter.b/2 We have finished more tasks than they.It takes less time to go there by plane than by train.2021/7/268C.CS with Superlative Degree adj./adv.eg.In old folk tales the youngest

7、 of the family is always the most successful.The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.This was the worst film that he had ever seen.Thats the least unusual thing about them.*The market in the country is busiest in winter.*She is most beautiful.*He is a most learned man.Ex B,C2021/7/269 一。形容词时一。

8、形容词时 1.最高级形容词单独使用，有形容词物主代词就不用最高级形容词单独使用，有形容词物主代词就不用the.Her oldest daughter is eleven years old.2.形容词最高级做表语，形容词最高级做表语，the 可以省略可以省略.I think her plan is best.我认为她的计划最好我认为她的计划最好 We are busiest on Monday.我们星期一最忙我们星期一最忙 3.形容词最高级前加形容词最高级前加a 或不加冠词表示或不加冠词表示“非常非常”It is a most joyful occasion.这是一个非常快乐的日子这是一个非常

9、快乐的日子 She is a most mysterious person.她是个非常神秘的人她是个非常神秘的人4.形容词最高级和形容词最高级和at构成短语做表语，表示构成短语做表语，表示“处于最。的状态处于最。的状态”The peony was at its brightest.牡丹花正在盛开。牡丹花正在盛开。I knew she was at her worst.我知道她这时情绪最糟。我知道她这时情绪最糟。二。副词时二。副词时 副词修饰动词时多数不带副词修饰动词时多数不带the.I shall give a prize to the pupil who reads best.我将给朗读最我

10、将给朗读最好的学生发一份奖品。好的学生发一份奖品。she behaved most generously.她表现得最大方。她表现得最大方。2021/7/2610D.other comparative structures a.more and more+adj./adv;n.eg.More and more citizens are getting angry about the decision of the city government.I cant understand why they are making more and more mistakes.The story gets

11、more and more interesting.Your English is getting better and better.Holiday flights are getting less and less expensive.2021/7/2611b.the more the moreeg.The more learned a man is,the more modest he usually is.The quicker you get ready,the sooner well be able to leave.The warmer the weather,the bette

12、r I feel.The more the better.The more grain we produce,the greater will be our achievement.The longer you live in a place,the more neighborly are you likely to feel.2021/7/2612c.no more()than/not more()than He has no more than five dollars on him.He has not more than five dollars on him.He is no mor

13、e diligent than you.He is not more diligent than you.2021/7/2613d.no less than/not less than His son has read no less than 50 English books.His son has read not less than 50 English books.The middle-aged man was no less a person than the new minister.Her voice is no less sweet than it used to be.Ex.

14、D,E2021/7/2614II.transformation of CS He is more capable than I.(=I am not so capable as he.)Richard is older than any other boy in the school.(=Richard is the oldest boy in the school.)Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as this first visit to China.(=What shook me most in my life was my first vi

15、sit to China.)Mary is less careful than Jane.(=Mary is not as(so)careful as Jane.)2021/7/2615III.word order in CSA.I havent seen as old a car as this for years.I cant drink as sweet coffee as this.Our neighbors have a much larger house than ours.B.I havent seen a car as old as this for years.I cant

16、drink coffee as sweet as this.Our neighbors have a house much larger than ours.2021/7/2616C.n.must be in front of CSa.I can carry parcels as heavy as these.Fetch me some water as clean as this.Do you want a piece of cake as big as mine?b.Ive never seen a man more outstandingly courageous than Miss M

17、arple.？Ive never seen a more outstandingly courageous man than Miss Marple.There are men more intelligent than Mary.？There are more intelligent men than Mary.2021/7/2617D.Nouns must be in the middle of CSa.There are more chairs in the garden than there are in the living room.He has more chance than

18、ever.There is much less difficulty than I thought.b.We can give you as many copies as you need.Of course we didnt have as much snow as you have in Finland.c.It was as much of a success as I had hoped.He is more of a sportsman than his brother.He is less of a fool than I thought he was.2021/7/2618IV.

19、“asas”&“more()than”without any comparative meaningA.The passive has been bound to be as much as ten times more frequent in one test than another.The journey took less than an hour,about 45 minutes,I think.Its no/not more than a mile to the sea.2021/7/2619B.I was more annoyed than worried when they d

20、idnt come home.He was less hurt than frightened.He is more big than strong.？He is bigger than strong.C.My trip to Beijing was more than sightseeing.Hes more than happy about it.He more than complained:he threw the whole book of rules at me.2021/7/2620V.modifiers of CSa.John is nearly as big as you a

21、re.This house is about three times as big as ours.Peters songs are not half so popular as Toms.c.This hat is nearly/about/almost/by far/far and away/out and away/out and out not nearly/by no means/not quite the biggest.2021/7/2621b.He is far more truthful than most people.The tiles are only a little

22、 less broad than they are long.A meter is more than 3 times longer than a foot.Too much reading makes me all the(even)more stupid.After all his explanations,I remained none the wiser.2021/7/2622 Ways to express times 2003年的棉花产量是1963年的三倍。1.A is N times as great(long,much)as B.The output of cotton in

23、2003 was three times as much as that of 1963 2.A is N times the size(length,amount)of B The output of cotton in 2003 was three times that of 1963/the 1963 figure.The output of cotton in 2003 was three times what it had been in 1963.2021/7/26233.A is N times greater(longer,more.)than B.The output of

24、cotton in 2003 was three times greater than that in 1963.4.Increase/be up N times The output of cotton increased threefold in the years 1963-2003.The output of cotton increased to/by three times in the years 1963-2003.The output of cotton was up 3 times from 1963 to 2003.2021/7/26245.The output of c

25、otton in 2003 was 200 percent greater than in 1963.The output of cotton increased by 200%in the years 1963-2003.There was a 200%increase in the output of cotton between 1963 and 2003.The output of cotton was up 200%from 1963 to 2003.2021/7/2625 用times表达倍数增加的常见句型(1)A is N times bigger than B(2)A is b

26、igger than B by N times(3)A is N times as big as B(4)A is N times the size of B(5)表示增加意义的动词与times连用，即：increase by N timesto N timesN times。据考证，以上句型的实际含义相同，都可翻译为：A是B的N倍,或者A比B增加了N一1倍。2021/7/26261.An oxygen atom is 16 times heavier than a hydrogen atom.氧原子的重量是氢原子重量的16倍(或：氧原子比氢原子重15倍)。2.Mt.Jolmolungam i

27、s 29028 feet high,higher than Mt.Fuji by about 2.5 times 珠穆朗玛峰高29028英尺，比富士山大约高1.5倍(或：约为富士山的25倍)。3.The increase of investiment was one and a half times or from one million USD to one and a half million USD.投资增加了一半,即从100万美元增加到I50万美元。2021/7/2627 用times表示倍数减少的常见句型(1)A is N times smaIler than B(2)A is sm

28、aller than B by N times(3)A is N times as small as B(4)表示减少意义的动词与times 连用，即：decrease by N timesto N timesN times 以上句型的实际含义相同，均为A=B N，译为：A是B的1N；A比B小或减少(N一1)N。2021/7/26281.Technical innovation reduced the cost of production by four times 技术革新使生产成本降低四分之三。技术革新使生产成本降低四分之三。2.In I766 the English scientist Henry Cavendish had shown that hydrogen was lighter than air by seven times 在在1766年英国科学家享利年英国科学家享利卡文迪什就已证明氢的重量卡文迪什就已证明氢的重量为空气重量的七分之一。为空气重量的七分之一。3.The automatic assembly line shortened the assembling time five times.这条自动装配线使装配时间减少了五分之四。这条自动装配线使装配时间减少了五分之四。2021/7/2629