学术英语(一)unit4重点词汇课件.ppt

1、Discuss the words meaningExercise 1Exercise 2Exercise 3Discuss the words meaningperspective:a particular way of thinking about something or viewing something The speaker gave us an insiders perspective of food safety.1.Read the sentences below and use context to write the definitions of the underlin

2、ed words.One word has been done for you.e.g.1.outrage:_ The public were outraged at the successive campus shooting.The citizens felt outraged at the irresponsible remarks made by the member of the Parliament.“Outrage”can also be used as an noun.e.g.widespread outrage international outrage public out

3、rage moral outrage in outrageto make somebody shocked or angry Discuss the words meaning广泛的愤慨国际义愤公愤义愤愤怒地Note2.perpetrator:_ _ It is reported that the principal perpetrator of the crime was finally caught by police in a small village.Similarly,I take into account the alcohol intake of all family memb

4、ers,not just that of the perpetrator of the abuse.(Text A)“Perpetrate”is the verb form.a person who commits a crime or does something wrong or evil Discuss the words meaningNote3.marital:_ _ The couple has decided to get a divorce.Now they are considering about hiring a lawyer to help them divide th

5、eir marital assets.Intense drinking by the perpetrator or the victim(spouse)often leads to increased marital conflict.(Text A)Collocations:marital problem connected with marriage or with the relationship between a husband and wifeDiscuss the words meaning婚姻问题Discuss the words meaning marital discord

6、 marital breakdown marital agreement marital autonomy marital crime marital status 夫妻不和婚姻破裂婚姻协议 婚姻自主(权)婚姻上的犯罪婚姻状况4.project:_ _ He projected his guilt unconsciously on his partner.Universally,all abusers,whether hitters or drinkers,project blame onto others:“Its not my fault”.(Text A)Exercise:What do

7、es“project”mean in each of the following sentences?transfer an emotion or desire to another person,especially unconsciouslyDiscuss the words meaningDiscuss the words meaning 1.They are projecting a new plant for sewage treatment.2.The population of that city is projected to rise to one million in th

8、e next five years.3.She wants to project herself more as a friend than a leader.4.Light projected his shadow onto the wall.5.He tried to project himself into their situation.6.Sharp rocks are projecting from the seas at the base of the cliffs.设计,规划预计展现投射设想处于.突出，伸出5.tirade:_ They launched into a tira

9、de against the government for its inept handling of the nuclear crisis.The politician delivered an angry tirade against the new policy of tax reduction.a long angry speech criticizing somebody or somethingDiscuss the words meaning6.recrimination:_ _ Gradually both parties realized that mutual recrim

10、ination will do no good to the solution of the problem.At the meeting,there was a period of bitter recrimination.accusations made by two people or two groups of people about each others behaviorDiscuss the words meaning7.intoxicate:_ _ He has no capacity for liquor:one glass of wine is enough to int

11、oxicate him.Peter was arrested for DWL(driving while intoxicated).“Intoxicate”can also mean“to excite sb.greatly”.e.g.She was intoxicated with success.to cause to lose control of ones behavior because of alcohol drink or a drugDiscuss the words meaningNote8.norm:_ _ Many children who witness abuse f

12、alsely take violence as a norm and expect it in their own adult relationships.Strikes are the norm in some European countries.Collocations:accepted norm ethical norm social norm a situation or a pattern of behavior that is usual or expectedDiscuss the words meaning接受的规范;公认的标准伦理规范社会规范Discuss the word

13、s meaning statistical norm family norm conform to the norm break the norm deviate from the norm above the norm below the norm 统计学标准 家庭规范符合规范违规偏离常态 高于标准低于标准9.symptom:_ _ The drug will help relieve your symptoms of allergy.Symptoms of this kind of disease include fever and stomachache.Collocations:typ

14、ical symptom chronic symptom acute symptom a change in ones body or mind that shows that he/she is not healthy Discuss the words meaning典型症状 慢性病症 急性病症Discuss the words meaning intermittent symptom severe symptom mild symptom physical symptom mental symptom psychological symptom display/have/exhibit

15、symptom develop symptom aggravate symptom identify the symptom relieve symptom间歇性病症严重的症状轻微的症状身体上的症状心智上的症状心理上的症状呈现症状出现症状加剧症状识别症状缓解症状10.instigate:_ The fightings between the two countries were instigated by the territory dispute.It would be unwise to instigate a military attack.“Instigate”can also mea

16、n“incite sb to do sth bad”.e.g.He instigated the two parties to fight.to cause something bad to happenDiscuss the words meaningNote11.imbibe:_ They used to imbibe cans of beer in the open air at night.It is really dangerous if you imbibe a lot before driving.Note “Imbibe”means“absorb sth,especially

17、information”in the following sentence.He imbibed much knowledge of English history from these books.to drink something especially alcoholDiscuss the words meaningNote12.ambiguous:_ The ambiguous nature of many legislative acts requires clarification by the courts.She deliberately gave an ambiguous a

18、ccount of what happened that night.not having one obvious meaning,confusingDiscuss the words meaning13.mediate:_ _ The government mediated between the workers and the employers.They attempted to mediate between the warring countries to end the fighting.“Mediation”is the noun form.to intervene in a d

19、ispute between two groups of people in order to bring about agreementDiscuss the words meaningNote14.harbor:_ _ The criminal may harbor hatred against his neighbor.He harbored a grudge against his boss.to keep feelings or thoughts,especially negative ones in ones mind for a long timeDiscuss the word

20、s meaning15.intimidate:_ _ The kidnapper intimidated him into paying a ransom of$50000 for his little boy.He intimidated his neighbor into silence.More related words in the family.to frighten or threaten somebody in order to make him do what one wantsDiscuss the words meaningNoteintimidation intimid

21、ator intimidatory intimidatingly16.pent-up:_ _ Without an outlet,her pent-up discontent of her marriage life might eventually grow to form abnormal psychology.He finally found a chance to release his pent-up emotion.(of feelings,energy,etc.)that cannot be expressed or releasedDiscuss the words meani

22、ng17.accommodate:_ _ The new comers of the company need to accommodate to the new working environment.He accommodated himself easily to the new schedule.“Accommodate”means“provide sb with a room or place to sleep,live or sit”in the following sentence.The auditorium can accommodate 3000 people.to cha

23、nge ones behavior in order to deal with a new situation betterDiscuss the words meaningNote18.distortion:_ _ They are in a rage with the medias report which is considered to be full of distortions of the facts.His account of the incident has been condemned for a gross distortion of the truth.the cha

24、nging of the meaning or purpose of something into something that one disapproves ofDiscuss the words meaning19.milieu:_ The municipal government tried to create a milieu conducive to the technological innovation.This restructuring of family life establishes a milieu that tolerates and accommodates t

25、o violence.social environment one lives inDiscuss the words meaning20.syndrome:_ _ It is a rare syndrome in which the production of white blood cells is damaged.This syndrome mainly affected people over sixties.a set of physical conditions that show one has a particular disease or medical problemDis

26、cuss the words meaning21.irritability:_ The boss sometimes displays irritability towards his subordinates over trifles.Apart from occasional irritability with the child,he proved himself a good husband and father.bad tempter;a tendency to be easily annoyedDiscuss the words meaning22.illusory:_ The y

27、oung graduate has an illusory hope that he will find a well-paid job soon.People in that country had an illusory sense of freedom and security.Exercise:Can you list some other words with the similar meaning as“illusory”?not real,although seeming to beDiscuss the words meaningimaginaryunrealfancifuld

28、eceptivedelusive23.property:_ One of the physical properties of the metal is to expand with heat and contract with cold.The pupils are comparing the chemical properties of these two substances.“Property”also means“possessions”.e.g.He inherited considerable property from his grandfather.a quality or

29、characteristics that something hasDiscuss the words meaningNoteNote24.abstinent:_ _ The doctor strongly advised the patient to be abstinent from alcohol.Experience suggests this is not the case;abstinent and recovering substance abusers are well-represented in domestic violence courts and batterers

30、programs.(Text B)refraining from an activity or from the consumption of something,especially alcoholDiscuss the words meaning25.divergent:_ It seems there are always divergent views on these hot issues.Capital and labor have divergent interests.tending to differDiscuss the words meaning26.cognitive:

31、_ _ Scientists are trying to understand the process of childrens cognitive development.This cognitive model of children learning their first language is rather complex.connected with mental processes of understanding Discuss the words meaning27.intervention:_ _ The child would have suffered from con

32、tinuous abuse but for the intervention of the police.State intervention in economy sometimes is inevitable.Collocations:timely intervention personal interventiongetting involved in order to influence a situation in some wayDiscuss the words meaning及时干预亲自介入Discuss the words meaningarmed intervention

33、foreign intervention legal intervention judicial interventionsurgical interventionhuman interventionpolitical interventionactive intervention武装干涉外国的干涉法律干预司法介入外科手术治疗人为干预政治干预积极介入28.cumulative:_ _ People in that area have suffered heavily from the cumulative effect of incessant flooding these years.The

34、 Kaufman Kantor and Murray Straus study measured only whether the batterer or victim had been drinking at the time of the violence(use),not their drinking pattern or the cumulative effects of drinking(abuse).(Text B)increasing in quantity,degree,or force by successive additionsDiscuss the words mean

35、ing29.erosion:_ _ People in that country are worrying about the gradual erosion of their civil liberties.The erosion of the passive female stereotype is likely to result in more women being charged and convicted of offences generally,(Text C)the gradual destruction or removal of power,rights,etcDisc

36、uss the words meaning30.domineer:_ _ She had an unhappy childhood because her father was a cold and domineering man.They finally got divorced because the husband domineers over the wife and the children.assert ones will over another in an arrogant wayDiscuss the words meaningDiscuss the words meanin

37、g22.Find more words of each word family.The first one has been done for you.Base formOther related forms in the word familyabusecontribute expose identify normal abuser,abusive,abusively,abusiveness,abusagecontributing,contribution,contributor,contributable exposure,exposition,expositional,expositor

38、,expository identifiable,identification,identified,identity,unidentifiablenormally,abnormal,abnormally,normality,normalnessDiscuss the words meaningBase form Other related forms in the word familyevidentinhibit stress stable establish evidence,evidential,evidentially,evidently,evidentnessinhibited,i

39、nhibiting,inhibition,inhibitive,inhibitory,inhibitorstressed,stressful,unstressed,stressorstabilise,stability,stabilised,unstable,instability,stabilisation established,establishing,establishment,disestablished，disestablishment,establisherDiscuss the words meaningBase formOther related forms in the w

40、ord familyintense motivedomestic analyze internal intensely,intenseness,intensification,intensified,intensify,intension,intensity,intensive,intensivelymotivate,motivated,motivating,motivation,unmotivateddomestically,domesticate,domesticated,domesticating,domesticsanalysed,analyser,analysing,analysis

41、,analystinternally,internalize,internalization,internalizedDiscuss the words meaningBase formOther related forms in the word familyconcept eliminatedefineconstructemergeisolateconception,conceptual,conceptualisation,conceptualise,conceptualised,conceptualising,conceptuallyeliminated,eliminating,elim

42、ination,eliminative,eliminatordefinable,defined,defining,definition,redefine,redefined,redefining,undefinedconstructed,constructing,construction,constructive,reconstruct,reconstructed,reconstructing,reconstructionemerged,emergence,emergency,emergent,emergingisolated,isolating,isolation,isolationism,

43、isolationist,isolatableDiscuss the words meaning3.Explain the meaning of the following roots.Add at least five similar derivatives with their Chinese definitions.One example has been given to you.RootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translatione.g.physiorelating to nature and natural phenomenap

44、hysics物理学；physiology 生理学；physiologist生理学家；physiotherapy 物理疗法；physiological 生理的Discuss the words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation1uni-one；having one2tri-three;having three3minsticking out universally普遍地；uniform制服；unicellular单细胞的；unicorn（传说中的）独角兽 unicycle独轮脚踏车；unilateral单方面

45、的；unify统一triangulation三角定位；triangular三角形的；tricycle 三轮脚踏车；triathlon 铁人三项赛；tricolor三色旗（尤指法国和爱尔兰国旗）trilogy 三部曲，三部剧；trio三重奏，三重唱prominent主要的,eminent 显著的，杰出的，preeminent 卓越的，显著的，imminent 逼近的Discuss the words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation3minto jut,projectprominent主要的,eminent

46、显著的，杰出的，preeminent 卓越的，显著的，imminent 逼近的4neuronerven e u r o t r a n s m i t t e r 神 经 传 递 素;n e u r o s c i e n c e 神 经 系 统 科 学；neurosurgeon 神经外科医生；neuroactive 刺激神经组织的；neuroanatomy 神经解剖 neuropath 神经质者5patrifatherpatriarchy父权制,patriarch家长，族长,patrimony世袭财产,patrilineal 父系的，父子相传的,patricide 杀父罪,patriot 爱

47、国者,compatriot 同胞Discuss the words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation6stereorelating to solid forms having three dimensions7domhouse8gressto walkstereotype 模式化观念（形象）,stereochemistry立体化学,stereograph立体像片,stereogram 立体图,stereoscopic 有立体视觉的domestic家庭的,国内的,domicile 住所，住宅,domestic

48、ate 驯化,domiciliary住处的，住家的,domesticity家庭生活aggress 侵略,digress 离题，脱轨,regress 回归，逆行,transgress越界,retrogress退步，衰退Discuss the words meaningRootsMeaningMore derivatives with Chinese translation9hyper-over,beyond10termboundary,limithyper-irritable过度应激的,hypersensitive过于敏感的,hypersonic高超音速的,h y p e r p h y s i c a l 超 自 然(物 质)的,hypercritical吹毛求疵的,hyper-cautious 过于小心的,hypercompetitive 竞争过于激烈的,hypergenesis发育过度,hypertension 高血压terminate结束，终止,determine决定,exterminate消灭，根除,terminable 有期限的，可终止的,interminable没完没了的，无休止的