2020届全国1卷地区百强校10月试题精选汇编：阅读理解（含答案）.doc

1、2020届全国1卷地区百强校10月最新试题精选汇编：阅读理解1、【全国百强校】安徽省合肥一中、安庆一中等六校教育研究会2020届高三第一次考试ALisinoprilWhat is lisinopril? Lisinopril is a medicine to treat high blood pressure. This medicine is only available on prescription. It comes as tablets. It also comes as a liquid for people who find it hard to swallow tablets,

2、 but this has to be ordered specially by your doctor.Important informationTo make sure lisinopril is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have: Heart, liver or kidney problems Diabetes (糖尿病) Higher levels of potassium (钾) in your bloodWomen who are pregnant cant take the medicine. It could harm the

3、 unborn baby.How should I take lisinopril? Take lisinopril exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Follow all directions on your prescription label. Your doctor may sometimes change your dose (剂量) to make sure you get the best results. Drink plenty of water each day while you are taking this medicine.

4、 Lisinopril can be taken with or without food. Your blood pressure needs to be checked often, and you may need frequent blood tests.What if I forget to take it?If you miss a dose of lisinopril, take it as soon as you remember. If you dont remember until the following day, skip the missed dose. Do no

5、t take a double dose to make up for a forgotten one. If you forget doses often, it may help to set an alarm to remind you.What should I avoid while taking lisinopril? Avoid drinking alcohol, because it can further lower your blood pressure and may increase certain side effects of lisinopril. Avoid g

6、etting up too fast from a sitting or lying position, or you may feel dizzy. Get up slowly and steady yourself to prevent a fall.21. What do we know about lisinopril?A. It comes in liquid form.B. It must be taken with food.C. It can be used to treat diabetes.D. It is harmful to pregnant women.22. Wha

7、t do you need to do when taking lisinopril?A. Visit a doctor on a daily basis.B. Live on a mainly vegetarian diet.C. Do enough physical exercise dailyD. Have frequent blood pressure tests.23. What should you do if it has been almost a day since you missed a dose?A. Take your next dose on time.B. Ski

8、p the following doses for days.C. Take a dose as soon as you remember.D. Have more when taking your next dose.【答案】21. D    22. D    23. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍药物Lisinopril以及相关信息。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Important information中Women who are pregnant cant take the medicine. It could harm the unbor

9、n baby.可知，怀孕的妇女不能吃这种药。它可能会伤害未出生的婴儿。所以，这种药对孕妇有害。故选D。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据How should I take lisinopril?中Your blood pressure needs to be checked often, and you may need frequent blood tests.可知，服用lisinopril时需要经常进行血压测试，也可能要经常验血，故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据What if I forget to take it?中If you miss a dose of lisinopril, t

10、ake it as soon as you remember. If you dont remember until the following day, skip the missed dose. Do not take a double dose to make up for a forgotten one.可知，如果自从你错过了一剂药，你已经有将近一天没有服药了，跳过忘记的剂量，不要服用双倍剂量的药物来弥补忘记的剂量。也就是按时服用下一剂药。故选A。BOver the past couple of days, on our local Freecycle page there have

11、been a lot of wanted posts, all from the same person, basically asking for everything youd need to set up a house from scratch.One of the things they asked for was a queen-sized bed. At that time we just happened to have an extra one, so I messaged them. They immediately came in the afternoon. The p

12、eople who came, two ladies and a man, are actually friends of another woman named Jenny who owned a young boy. This woman has escaped from a dangerous, violent relationship and these friends of hers are helping her and her son start over again, with everything from furniture to toothbrushes on their

13、 list of needs.While they were here, I also gave them one of our spare bookcase and some coffee cups. I even asked them to keep in touch in case they needed anything elseI have a way of connecting people with things. I offered the woman a cupboard we had as well; her friends just needed to see if th

14、ere was a place and/or a need for it in their friends new home.I was so excited to meet those loving people, who were obviously willing to help their friend. It was clear how protective they felt of this woman and her boy, how much they love her and wanted her to have a happy and safe life, and to s

15、pend even a few minutes with people like that is an experience Ill remember for a long, long time.A quick thank-you to all who have sent more donations over the last couple of days, as well as lovely messages of thanks and blessings. Sometimes its hard to keep up with it all, but its a problem Im ha

16、ppy to have.24. What were the people who arrived at the authors in the afternoon going to do?A. Promote some products customers needed.B. Fetch the bed the author would give away.C. Recycle second-hand furniture.D. Help repair the author's furniture.25. Which of the following words can best desc

17、ribe the author?A. Warm-hearted.B. Mean.C. Narrow-minded.D. Intelligent.26. From the last two paragraphs, we can infer that _.A. the author doesn't like to spend too much time with those people like Jenny's friendsB. Jenny and her boy will hardly get help from the author's friendsC. the

18、author was disappointed with those only sending messages of thanks and blessingsD. Jenny and her boy will have a new start with the help of people27. The suitable title for the text should be “_”.A. No pains, no gainsB. God helps those who help themselvesC. Many hands make light workD. Where there i

19、s will, there is a way【答案】24. B    25. A    26. D    27. C【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了作者通过物品利用网站上帮助了一位遭受家庭暴力的女性和孩子；给他们赠送了一些自己不用的生活用品，这位女性和孩子在朋友、作者以及其他好心人的帮助下也将重新开始，这些都给予作者一种做善事的精神慰藉。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中One of the things they asked for was a queen-sized bed. At that time we just ha

20、ppened to have an extra one, so I messaged them. They immediately came in the afternoon.(他们要的东西之一是一张大号床。当时我们刚好多了一个，所以我给他们发了短信。他们下午马上就来了。)可知，下午来到作者家的人是去取作者要赠送的床。故选B。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中While they were here, I also gave them one of our spare bookcase and some coffee cups. I even asked them to keep in t

21、ouch in case they needed anything elseI have a way of connecting people with things.（当他们在这里时候，我也给了他们一个多余的书架和一些咖啡杯。我甚至要求他们保持联系，以防他们需要其他东西我有一种把人和事物联系起来的方法。）可知，作者是一个热心肠的人。故选A。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后两段中It was clear how protective they felt of this woman and her boy, how much they love her and wanted her to ha

22、ve a happy and safe life, and to spend even a few minutes with people like that is an experience Ill remember for a long, long time.（很明显，他们对这个女人和她的儿子是多么的保护，他们是多么的爱她，多么希望她有一个幸福和安全的生活，哪怕是和这样的人呆上几分钟，这段经历我也会记得很久很久。）和A quick thank-you to all who have sent more donations over the last couple of days, as w

23、ell as lovely messages of thanks and blessings. Sometimes its hard to keep up with it all, but its a problem Im happy to have.（向所有在过去几天里捐了更多钱的人表示快速的感谢，以及表达感谢和祝福的可爱信息。有时很难跟上，但这是一个我很高兴的问题。）可知，从最后两段，我们可以推断，在人们的帮助下，珍妮和她的儿子将有一个新的开始。故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。文章介绍了在物品利用网站上帮助了一位遭受家庭暴力的女性和孩子；给他们赠送了一些自己不用的生活用品，这位女性和孩子

24、在朋友和我们这些陌生好心人的帮助下也将有一个新的开始。这给了作者一种做善事的精神慰藉。所以本文最佳主题是“众人拾柴火焰高”。故选C。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第2小题，根据第三段中While they were here, I also gave them one of our spare bookcase and some coffee cups. I even asked them to keep in touch in cas

25、e they needed anything elseI have a way of connecting people with things.（当他们在这里的时候，我也给了他们一个多余的书架和一些咖啡杯。我甚至要求他们保持联系，以防他们需要其他东西我有一种把人和事物联系起来的方法。）可知，作者是一个热心肠的人。故选A。CDr. John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people

26、who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined to meet them despite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space wa

27、s limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17th-century scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Earth and the conditions in space, and that Earths pull was due to magnetism (磁力). It was only reasonable, then, that Wilkins believed a two-wheeled horse-drawn battle car with wing

28、s with enough speed could lift high enough off the ground to break free of Earths magnetic pull and reach the moon.Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey? He theorized that the main cause

29、 of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized. There was some knowledge at that time about the fact that air gets thinner and colder the higher up you go, but he had a fix for that too, “moistened sponges (湿

30、润的海绵) might help us against its thinness”.By studying the way in which birds fly, which also happened to be part of the studies that led to planes and rockets centuries later, Wilkins put his theory to the test with the help of a colleague, Robert Hooke. Neither of the two ever recorded their attemp

31、ts, but its somewhat safe to say that it didnt work out. Hooke himself may have been the reason he gave up hope, in fact, since he was part of the team that discovered space was a place without oxygen.28. What do we know about Dr. John Wilkins?A. He dreamed of landing on the moon.B. He wrote about p

32、eople living on the moon.C. He urged the public to know more about space.D. He had a rich knowledge of space in the 1670s.29. Which of the following might Wilkins agree with?A. The air on the moon is not fit for human beings.B. People dont need to eat things on the moon.C. Earths magnetism can be ch

33、anged easily.D. Oxygen doesnt exist in outer space.30. What can be concluded from Paragraphs 2 & 3?A. Wilkins had prepared a lot in theory.B. Wilkins was ready for his moon-landing.C. Wilkins made a great contribution to philosophy.D. Wilkins was the greatest natural philosopher in history.31. W

34、hat is the authors purpose in writing the text?A. To honor a great scientist.B. To encourage studies on outer space.C. To introduce an early attempt of moon-landing.D. To inform people of the knowledge about the universe.【答案】28. A    29. B    30. A    31. C本文是一篇记叙文。约翰威尔

35、金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，他疯狂地想要登上月球，并见到肯定住在那里人，并为此在理论上做了很多准备。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中Dr. John Wilkins was a natural philosopher who lived from 1614 until 1672. He was crazy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there.（约翰威尔金斯博士是一位自然哲学家，生于1614年，卒于1672年。他疯狂地想要登上月球，并见到肯定住在那里的人。）可知，Dr. John Wi

36、lkins梦想着登上月球。故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中He theorized that the main cause of hunger was simply the act of working against gravity, so getting to the moon without being burdened by it would be able to be realized.（他的理论是，饥饿的主要原因仅仅是与重力相反的行为，所以不受重力的影响而登上月球是可以实现的。）可知，Wilkins同意人们不需要在月球上吃东西。故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第

37、二、三段中In the 1600s, the scientific understanding of gravity and outer space was limited. Wilkins believed, like many 17th-century scientists, that there was no difference between the atmosphere of Earth and the conditions in space, and that Earths pull was due to magnetism (磁力).（在17世纪，对重力和外层空间的科学理解是有

38、限的。威尔金斯和许多17世纪的科学家一样，认为地球的大气层和太空环境没有区别，地球的引力是由磁力引起的。）和Then Wilkins moved on to more pressing issues with his remarkable ability to think of new ideas: How would travelers feed themselves during the journey?（然后，威尔金斯以其非凡的创新思维能力，转向更紧迫的问题：旅行者在旅途中如何养活自己?）可推知，威尔金斯在理论上做了很多准备。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中He was c

39、razy about getting to the moon and meeting the people who surely lived there. Wilkins believed that anything as Earth-like as the moon must have been created by God for living beings, and he was determined to meet them despite the fact that he was three centuries ahead of his time.（他疯狂地想要登上月球，并见到肯定住

40、在那里的人。威尔金斯相信，任何像地球一样的东西，如月亮，一定是上帝为众生所创造的，他决心与他们相遇尽管他比他的时代早了三个世纪。）可知，作者的目的是介绍早期的登月尝试。故选C。DBreathing dirty air comes at a high price. Air pollution lowers the average life spans (寿命) by a year worldwide and in more polluted parts of Asia and Africa, dirty air shortens lives up to twice that much. Scie

41、ntists shared their new findings in Environmental Science & Technology Letters. The study used data gathered in 2016 as part of a project known as the Global Burden of Disease and was the first major country-by-country look at the connection between the length of life and whats known as fine PM.

42、Air pollution has been linked to many health problems. Most earlier studies had looked at how tiny air pollutants affected rates of illness or death. Joshua Apte is an environmental scientist at the University of Texas at Austin. By looking at life expectancy (预期寿命), his team had hoped to make the t

43、hreat easier to understand. PM2.5 is what scientists call tiny particles (颗粒) of pollution in the air. Higher levels of PM2.5 can cause health problems and cut months, if not years, from the average length of life. This analysis shows how pollution affects life expectancy in different parts of the w

44、orld.The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends limiting PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air. Aptes group calculated how holding pollution to this low level would help people. In countries with very dirty air, meeting this standard would lengthen peoples lives. However, in countries wh

45、ose air already meets this standard, the study shows no gain in life expectancy. In other words, meeting the WHO standard wont reduce health costs resulting from dirty air because even below 10 micrograms per cubic meter, pollution still causes serious risks. Meanwhile, the scientists compared how o

46、ther threats including smoking and cancer shorten the length of life across the globe.32. What is special about the study?A. It won recognition from a professional journal.B. It discussed health problems caused by air pollution.C. It gathered lots of data for the Global Burden of Disease.D. It analy

47、zed the link between life spans and PM by country.33. What is Joshua Aptes team trying to do?A. Help people better understand air pollution.B. Study life expectancy in different countries.C. Know how small air pollutants affect health.D. Deal with different kinds of health problems.34. What will hap

48、pen if a country limits PM2.5 to 10 micrograms per cubic meter of air?A. Peoples life spans will surely increase.B. It will get strong support from the WHO.C. Peoples health may not be much improved.D. It will guarantee people clean air.35. What might be discussed in the following paragraphs?A. How

49、cleaning up the air can lengthen lives.B. How air pollution shortens lives by country.C. How other threats shorten life expectancy.D. How all the countries deal with severe pollution.【答案】32. D    33. A    34. C    35. C本文是一篇说明文。在全球范围内，空气污染使人的平均寿命降低了一年，而在污染更严重的亚洲和非洲地区，空气污染使人的寿命缩短了两倍之多。科学家们在环境科学与技术快报上分享了他们的新发现。该研究分析了不同国家居民的寿命与PM之间的关系。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中The stud