高中高考英语：名词性从句的翻译.doc

1、名词性从句的翻译英语的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。翻译的时候，大多数可以按照原文的句子顺序翻译成相应的汉语译文。但有时候也需要采用其他翻译方法来灵活处理。一、主语从句1） 以关联词what, whatever, whoever, when, where, how, why或从属连词that, whether等词引导的主语从句，一般可以按照英文原句的顺序来翻译，即一般放在句首，作为主从复合句的主语。例如：What he told me was a sheer lie.他对我说的全是谎言。Whatever I saw and heard on my trip left

2、me a very deep impression.一路上的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象。Whoever has made a trip to Huangshan must remember the clouds there.凡是去过黄山的人都不会忘记黄山的云。Whether an organism is a plant or an animal sometimes taxes the brain of a biologist.一种生物究竟是植物还是动物，有时会让生物学家颇伤脑筋。2) 对于it作形式主语的主语从句，可以先译主句，顺译为无人称句。有时也可先译从句，再译主句，这样的话，一般需要在

3、主句前加译“这”。需要注意的是，如果强调it，可以将其译出；如果不需要强调，也可不译。例如：It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然看不出自己的缺点。It seemed incredible that she should have lied to us.她居然对我们说谎，这真是不可思议。It doesnt make much difference to me whether you come or not.你来不来我不在乎。3) 对于It is （universally）know

4、n that(众所周知)，It is believed that（据说），It is said that（据说），It is reported that（据报道）这类的固定句式，一般都译成“据”。例如：It is universally known that bodies are lighter in water than they are in air.众所周知，物体在水中比在空气中轻。It is said that drinking much pure water is good for health.据说，多喝纯净水有益于健康。二、宾语从句1）以that, what, how, when

5、, which, why, whether, if等引导的宾语从句，翻译成汉语时，一般可以按照英文原句的顺序进行翻译。例如：We all know that cigarette smoking is hazardous to health and that alcohol abuse can kill.我们都知道吸烟对健康有害，我们也知道酗酒会危及人的生命。I told him how appealing I found the offer.我告诉他，这机会对我有着多么大的吸引力。2) it作形式宾语的句子，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原句的顺序翻译；it一般可以不译。例如：Nutri

6、tional experiments have made it evident that vitamins are indispensable for ones health.营养实验证明，维生素是人们的健康所必需的。I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.我向他们讲清楚了，他们必须在上午10点之前交卷。3) it作形式宾语的句子，当主句部分表示“感到，认为”时，可以将that引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译。例如：I regard it as a s

7、hame that I was blamed by my teacher.遭到老师的批评，我感到很丢人。We consider it absolutely right that we should try our best to achieve a greater success.我们应该努力去获得更大的成功，这样做是十分正确的。三、表语从句 从句位于主句的系动词之后，在句中充当表语，引导表语从句的从属连词和引导主语从句的从属连词相同，一般可以按照英语原句的顺序直接进行翻译。例如：What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how

8、 difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch.他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，绝不后退半步。One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. 难题之一在于，所谓的行为科学还都是从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去寻找

9、行为的根源。The question is how people can find an effective way to store the suns heat.问题在于，人们怎样才能找到一种有效的方式来储存太阳的热量。Thats why the plants absorb water from the soil.这就是为什么植物会从土壤里吸收水分。四、同位语从句 英语中的同位语从句用来解释它前面的某个名词的具体内容。它与其所修饰的名词在地位上是同等的。同位语从句通常由that, whether或if引导，它们在从句中不充当任何句子成分。能接同位语从句的名词通常为抽象名词，如：fact(事实

10、)，hope(希望)，idea(想法)，news(消息)，conclusion(结论)，evidence(证据)，suggestion(建议)，order(命令)，decision(决定)，information(信息)，opinion(观点)，report(报告)，thought(思想)，probability(可能)等。 同位语从句的翻译比较复杂，翻译时可以灵活处理，根据具体情况可采用以下几种翻译方法。1) 一般来说，翻译同位语从句时，可以保持原来的语序，将同位语从句直接翻译在主句后面。例如：Einstein came to the conclusion that the maximum

11、speed possible in the universe is that of light.爱因斯坦得出的结论是，宇宙中的最大速度是光速。As an obedient son, he had accepted his fathers decision that he was to be a doctor, though the prospect didnt interest him at all.作为一个孝顺的儿子，他接受了父亲的决定，要当个医生，虽然他对这样的前途毫无兴趣可言。2) 有些同位语从句在翻译时可以放到所修饰的名词前面，构成类似定语的结构或者独立成句。例如：But I knew

12、 I couldnt trust him. There was the possibility that he was a political swindler.但我知道不能轻信他。他是政治骗子的可能性还是存在的。It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.延迟应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。3) 有些同位语从句在翻译时，可以采取顺译法，放在所修饰名词的后面，但是中间经常使用冒号、破折号等标点符号，或者使用“这样”、“这一”、“即”等字眼。例如：But considering realisti

13、cally, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的前景并不妙。Not long ago, the scientists made an exciting discovery that this kind of waste material could be turned into plastics.不久之前，科学家们有了一个令人振奋的发现可以把这种废物转变成塑料。4) 在翻译有些同位语从句时，需要改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式译出。例如：An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.已下命令将现在在航天实验室里的研究人员送回来。Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。4