高三高考英语二轮复习英语阅读：长难句突破.ppt

1、高考英语 二轮复习英语阅读长难句突破,教室里坐满了学生。,The classroom is full of students.,教室里坐满了学生, 他们在听一个重要讲座。,由短变长,The classroom is full of students, _.,who are listening to an important lecture.,非限制性定语从句,教室里坐满了学生, 他们在听陈老师，我们以前英语王老师的一个重要讲座。,The classroom is full of students, who are listening to an important lecture _ _.,g

2、iven by,Ms. Wang, our former English teacher .,过去分词短语作定语,同位语,教室里坐满了学生, 他们在听我们以前的英语老师谢老师关于如何处理长难句的重要讲座。,The classroom is full of students, who are listening to an important lecture given by Mr. Xie, our former English teacher_ _.,on how to deal with long and complex sentences .,介词短语,The classroom is

3、full of students ,（who are listening to an important lecture given by Ms. Xie), (our former English teacher), (on how to deal with the long and complex sentences) .,主干成分,由长变短,who are listening to.,our former English teacher,on how to ,修饰成分,回忆三种基本句子类型 长难句的类型及分析方法 长难句分析在高考阅读中的演练,学习目标,句子种类,简单句,并列句,复合句,

4、1. 简单句(simple sentence): 只有_个主语（或并列主语）和_个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。,1,1,2. 并列句（coordinate sentences) 是由并列连词把_个或_个以上的_连接在一起构成的句子。,2,2,简单句,3. 复合句 ( compound sentences) 含有_或_个以上的从句的句子。从句可分为三大类: _从句 _从句 _从句,1,1,定语,状语,名词性,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,简单句的五种基本句型,1. The sun rises. 主语S + 不及物动词V 2. The bike is yellow. 主语S + 系动

5、词V+ 表语P 3. He ate an apple. 主语S + 及物动词V+宾语O 4. she showed her friends the picture 主语S + 及物动词V +间宾O1 +直宾O2 5. He makes me laugh 主语S + 及物动词V +宾语O +宾补OC,判断下列句子 1. You may take a horse to the water, but you cannot make him drink. 并列句 2. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. 简单句 3. The Internet is

6、an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but also expands options. 复合句,1）结构复杂的简单句：带有较多成分，如介词短语，形容词短语，副词，时间、地点状语或者较长的非谓语动词短语等；,常见长难句的形式：,2）含有多个句子的复合句：句子中套句子,3）分隔现象：用定语从句、插入语、破折号或分隔号插入新话题或补充信息，从而把结构紧凑的句子分割开来,一_: 找主干，给主谓(宾)分别划下划线. 二_: 找修饰成分，即给相关的单词、介词短语、非谓语、从句等加括号。 三_:抓主题

7、，悟大意。,结构分析法,括,划,释义,句 子,判 断,简单句,并列句,复合句,主 干,并列连词,从属连词,核心技巧： 抓主干，找修饰成分，一层一层拆分 总结： 无论句子有多长多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即_和_。 _是整个句子的骨架，主要指简单句的5个基本句型。而_在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是_，也可以是_，更常见的则是_，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。,主干,修饰成分,主干,修饰成分,单词,短语,从句,Group discussion 合作探究（6分钟）,Before 1066, in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples

8、belonging to two major language groups.,此句是一个_句,主干是_。 枝叶1：land后有一个_从句； 枝叶2：peoples后的belonging to作_. 大意： 1066年以前，在我们现在称为英国的土地上，住着属于两个主要语种的民族。,定语,倒装,定语,(2016全国I卷 D篇) Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have ne

9、ver before been published. 主干是_ 枝叶1：同位语是_ 枝叶2：photographer后有一个_从句 枝叶3：images后有个一个_从句。 大意： 弗兰克赫利(Frank Hurley)是一位自信而有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师，对南极了如指掌。他被雇来制作这些图片, 其中大部分图片此前从未出版过。,定语,定语,I cant live in fear of the possibility that as the earths population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable resources,

10、our children may have to lead poorer lives. 主干：_ 枝叶1：possibility后有一个_从句 枝叶2：as引导一个并列结构的_从句. 大意：我不能总是生活在对这种可能性的忧虑中：随着地球上人口的不断增长，我们正在消耗掉越来越多的非再生资源，我们的孩子可能不得不过着更加贫穷的生活。,时间状语,同位语,( 2016全国II卷D篇) Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) i

11、s that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. 主干：_ 枝叶1：when引导一个_从句 枝叶2：what引导一个_从句. 枝叶3：that引导一个_从句 枝叶3：consider后的what引导一个_从句。 大意：因此，当一个来自这些文化中的人在讲话时突然停下来，这可能暗示着他想让听众思考他之前所讲的话。,时间状语,主语,表语,宾语,1. Pedestrian(行人) deaths went down by 12% from 5449 in 1996 to 4784

12、in 2006. But among those in 2006, 471 were killed in crosswalks, down slightly from 488 ten years earlier, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) says.,What does the report from NHTSA suggests? A. Fewer people were injured in crosswalks. B. Crosswalk safety has been greatly impro

13、ved. C. Much has been done to reduce traffic accidents. D. Pedestrian deaths in crosswalks remain a serious problem,2. Delighted as I was by the tomatoes in sight, my happiness deepened when I learned that Browns Grove Farmis one of the suppliers for Jack Dusty, a newly opened restaurant at the Sara

14、sota Ritz Carlton, where luckily for me I was planning to have dinner that very night.,What was the author going to do that evening? A. Go to a farm B. Check into a hotel C. Eat in a restaurant D. Buy fresh vegetables,It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were mor

15、e than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. (46words),现在分词短语表示结果,补充信息,时间状语从句,主语从句,In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons _. A. were the biggest bird i

16、n the world B. lived mainly in the south of America C. did great harm to the natural environment D. were the largest bird population in the US,信息错误,原文3 billion passenger pigeons,原文,making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world,4This belief that our character is hard to change is supported b

17、y a great deal of modern psychology emphasizing self-acceptance. As Popeye says, “I am what I am. Dont expect me to be better or different”. Ultimately(最终), these views totally undervalue the lifelong potential for growth that comes with reflection and choice. Which of the following would the writer

18、 agree with? A. We should value our lifelong potential for growth B. We must attach importance to self-acceptance C. A leopard cant change its spots D. We should make choices constantly,长难句之 方法总结,长难句，不咋地 一划二括三释义。 主谓（宾），先注意。（一划） （单词短语和从句）（二括） 抓主题，找重点。（三释义） 隐含信息要注意。,长难句之 实战演练,1. Its an amazing accompl

19、ishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations.,分析：本句为复合句。其中，one指代前面的accomplishment，后面为定语从句，修饰先行词one，且从句使用了cannot和without表示双重否定。,句意：这是一个惊人的成就，一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就不可能取得的成就。,2. Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass

20、 a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition, a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet .,分析：本句中 a requirement 为同位语，是对前面的内容作补充说明，pilots would find relatively easy to meet是定语从句，省略了充当宾语的关系代词that/which，修饰先行词requirement。,句意：Terrafugia 说机主需要通过测试并且完成20个小时的飞行时

21、间才能驾驶 Transition，这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易满足。,3. One tiny 9-inch plant, bought for $1.25 in the spring, has already taken over much of my rose bed, covering much of other plants, and is well on its way to the front door.,分析：句子主干部分为one tiny 9-inch plant has already taken over much of my rose bed and。bought短语、c

22、overing短语分别作定语和状语。,句意：一个在春天时花$125买的九英寸植物已经接管了我的玫瑰苗圃，覆盖了我的其他植物。正在向前门发展。,4. But you cant be successful when theres a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.,分析：本句中when引导的是时间状语从句；that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a lack of trust。此外，句中还

23、包含一个where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词action。,句意：但如果一段关系中缺乏信任，过错之人不为错误负责，你也无法获得成功。,5. The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings, sculptures, drawings and more.,分析：The Pompidou Centre in Paris

24、 is showing its respect and admiration为句子的主干，bringing together .是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰an exhibition。,句意：巴黎的蓬皮社中心正在展出200多幅油画、雕塑和素描等作品，以此表达对这位艺术家及其伟大人格的尊敬和钦佩。,6. The 21-year-old Best hopes his message that this is a new time in agriculturewill motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics.,句意： 2

25、1岁的贝斯特希望农业新时代这一信息能够激励下一代从事农业，扭转局面，改变统计数据。,分析：hopes后面是一个宾语从句，主语为his message谓语是 will motivate, that引导的是同位语从句作his message的同位语，,分析：本句中that引导宾语从句，作reported的宾语，从句中包含一个that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词smell。getting bitten by insects为现在分词作后置定语，修饰maple trees。,7. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, re

26、ported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.,句意：早在1983年，杰克舒尔茨和伊恩鲍德温两个科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树释放会一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。,8. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV report

27、er permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,句意：但我与熊猫的联系可以追溯到上世纪80年代中期的一个电视节目中，当时我是第一个被允许拍摄一个特别小组的西方电视记者，这个小组专门负责照顾从野外饥饿中获救的熊猫。,Unfortunately, thinking you re not very good at something can be a quick path to disliking and avoiding it, even if you have natural ability, because that practice is more painful than learning what comes more easily.,温馨提示： 对于有些长难句，只要能正确理解其意思就行了，不要勉为其难地翻译成中文，也没必要把句子成分弄得彻底明白。 那样做不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要 。,Thank you for your attendance!,May you succeed!,