高中英语高考复习定语从句知识精讲（附练习题）.doc

1、高考英语定语从句知识精讲一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）；who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）；whom 指人在从句中作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）；whose 指人或物在从句中作定语；as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语；注意：指物时，whose+名词 = the+名词+of which 或 of which + the +名词2、as 的用法（1）常用于下列结构：suchas; soas; the sameas;注意：the sameas 表示同一类，不同一个th

2、e samethat 表示同一个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事”。注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用whic

3、h代替as。c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为 all, much, everything, nothing, something, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5、当先行词是数词时.6、当先行词既指人又指物时。7、如有两个

4、定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。8、主句是There be结构, 修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。三、只用which不用that的情况1、当介词放在关系代词之前时。2、在非限制性定语从句中。3、当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。四、只用who不用that的情况1、当先行词是one, ones, anyone或those时。2、there be 结构中。3、当先行词是人，

5、后面有较长修饰语时。4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。5、当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（常用于谚语中）。6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。8、先行词是拟人化的名词。9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。五、关系副词引导的定语从句1、when时间状语注意：It / This / That + be + the first/second/ last time that 只能用that, that可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。2、where 地点状语注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point, situation, case, posit

6、ion, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.3、why 原因状语先行词为reason。六、介词与关系代词1、介词如何确定（1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定（2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定（3）根据意思来确定（4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置（1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。（3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中

7、有关动词的后面。（4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级+ of + which / whom。七、定语从句中的主谓一致1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the

8、, the only, the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。八、注意 way 和 time 后接定语从句的情1、当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则按正常的定语从句分析。2、当先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at / during + which引导定语从句。高考英语定语从句练习题班级 考号 姓名 总分 1.Have you aske

9、d the experts the cause _ they think may account for the problem of the sick building?A.why B.when C.what D.that2.She was looking for her missing necklace _ she might have put it.A.wherever she thought B.where she thoughtC.as she thought D.in the place she thought3.The manager will discuss the plan

10、they would like to see _ next year.A.carried out B.carrying out C.to be carried out D.to carry out4.The room was full of students, ten of _ from foreign countries.A.them B.who C.whom D.which5.This is _ he told me.A.all B.that what C.that D.which6.While she was carrying the paint can home, _ split to

11、 her clothes.A.some of it B.some of which C.some of the paint D.some of them7.Sports are looked upon as the most popular form of relaxation _ everybody can _.A.that .enjoy B.which .enjoy them C.which .enjoy D.that .enjoy it8.The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps

12、the most important of all the sciences.A.to which B.in which C.by which D.with which9.I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with holes.A.where B.of which C.in which D.whose10.Making advertisement on TV can increase the sales of products, _ has long been proved.A.as B.which C.that D.by which11.Tha

13、t young man, _ we believe to have the hidden power, will be sent to go on the with his study in America.A.which man B.whom C.who D.of whom12.In the new area, there wasnt a single person _ he could turn for help.A.on whom B.who C.to whom D.whom13.He is such a good teacher _ we all like to talk with h

14、im.A.whom B.that C.as D.which14.The film _ Im speaking is to be shown at the Peoples Cinema next week.A.to which B.to that C.of that D.of which15.Do you know the direction _ the car went just now?A.in which B.to which C.which D.where16._ was usual with him, he reviewed all the facts of the case afte

15、r he had made the decision.A.As B.Such C.So D.What17.It is _ she is out of work _ hes got so worried.A.that; when B.when; that C.who; that D.that; who18.There is much _ remains to be said.A.which B.what C./ D.that19.We have two spare rooms downstairs, _ has been used for more than two months.A.but n

16、either of which B.none of whichC.but neither of them D.none of them20.Is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year?A.where B.that C.the one that D.the one where21.It will not be long before you meet with the same difficult situation _ by those scientists last year.A.which was

17、 dealt with B.as was dealt withC.that had to deal with D.as has to deal with22.The teacher in charge of their class is always strict with his students, _ helps them to make greater progress than the others.A.it B.he C.which D.that23.Has all that _ without delay _ yet?A.can do; done B.done; been done

18、 C.ought to be done; to do D.should be done; been done24.There are many books on the study of English, _ this is one example.A.which B.from which C.of which D.into which25.In the centuries _, Egypt became one of the most advanced civilizations on earth.A.followed B.that was followedC.which were foll

19、owing D.which followed26.I was struck by the limited use _ their natural resources.A.the Indians made of B.which the Indians madeC.for the Indians to make of D.for the Indians making of27.Now children like to go to the fast food restaurant, _, as the name says, eating doesnt take much time.A.which B

20、.that C.what D.where28.He is the only one of the students who _ interested in this English novel.A.are B.were C.be D.is29.Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.A.when B.that C.who D.where30.The old storekeeper believed the reason _ that man made up and let him in.A.that B.why C.where D.how6