CET6翻译：社会发展课件(PPT 43页).pptx

1、CET 6 段落翻译段落翻译社会发展第1页，共43页。Passage 1 CET6真题真题2014年年12月（第月（第2套）套）n 中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。n 在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数；除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。n 教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城市接受教育的同等机会。第2页，共43页。Useful Expressions 1.努力：

2、2.确保：3.接受教育：4.获得大学文凭：5.劳动力市场：6.实现目标：1.endeavor to;strive to;attempt to;make great effort to2.ensure;guarantee;make sure3.receive education4.obtain/attain/get a college/university degree5.labor market 6.achieve/realize the goal第3页，共43页。Useful Expressions 7.着力：8.职业学院：9.招生人数：10.突破：11.教育资源：12.欠发达地区：13.外

3、来务工人员：7.strive to;endeavor to;focus on8.vocational college;professional school9.school enrollment;enrollment10.breakthrough 11.education/educational resource12.underdeveloped area/region;less developed area13.migrant worker第4页，共43页。第1段第1句的主干为“中国将努力确保”，后面可加that引导的宾语从句，从句主干为“就业者接受过教育”。由于该句有时间状语by 2015

4、，因此最好用将来完成时态will have done。1 中国将努力确保到2015年就业者接受过平均13.3年的教育。China will endeavor to ensure that employees will have received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015.notes第5页，共43页。n 2 如果这一目标得以实现，今后大部分进入劳动力市场的人都需获得大学文凭。“如果这一目标得以实现”为条件状语，用 if引导，“目标得以实现”可用被动语态；“大部分进入劳动力市场的人”修饰语较长，可用两种方法处理，一是使用现在分词作后

5、置定语，二是使用 who引导的定语从句。If this goal can be achieved,the majority of people entering the labor market will be required to have obtained a college degree in the future.notes第6页，共43页。n3在未来几年，中国将着力增加职业学院的招生人数；除了关注高等教育外，还将寻找新的突破以确保教育制度更加公平。后半句没有特别明显的主语，可使用增译法添加主语，根据上文可判断，此处的主语还是“中国”。“除了外”可用in addition to，ap

6、art from 或者 besides引导；“确保教育制度更加公平”中“确保”的对象是一种公平的教育制度，因此“教育制度更加公平”可以处理成名词短语，即 a more equal educational system.In the next few years,China will strive to increase vocational college enrollment.In addition to attaching importance to higher education,China will also seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a

7、 more equal educational system.notes第7页，共43页。n4 中国正在努力最佳地利用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多的支持。China is attempting to make the best use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas will get more support.后半句是前半句“努力”的一个目的，所以后半句用so that 引导目的状语从句。notes第8页，共43页。5 教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生的营养，并为外来务工人员的子女提供在城

8、市接受教育的同等机会。The Ministry of Education has also decided to improve the nutrition of students in underdeveloped areas,and to offer equal education opportunities for children of migrant workers in cities.“改善学生的营养”和“提供教育的同等机会”同为“教育部还决定”的对象，因此用不定式的并列结构并由and来连接。此句较长，修饰成分较多，所以首先要理清句子的主要结构，再合理添加修饰语。notes第9页，

9、共43页。n参考译文：参考译文：nChina will endeavor to ensure that employees will have received an average of 13.3 years of education by 2015.If this goal can be achieved,the majority of people entering the labor market will be required to have obtained a college degree in the future.nIn the next few years,China w

10、ill strive to increase vocational college enrollment.In addition to attaching importance to higher education,China will also seek new breakthroughs to guarantee a more equal educational system.China is attempting to make the best use of educational resources so that rural and underdeveloped areas wi

11、ll get more support.nThe Ministry of Education has also decided to improve the nutrition of students in underdeveloped areas,and to offer equal education opportunities for children of migrant workers in cities.第10页，共43页。Passage 2 CET6真题真题2014年年6月（第月（第1套）套）n 中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）

12、和大妈(dama)都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。n 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。n 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。至今已有120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。n 第11页，共43页。Useful Expressions 1.热词：2.社会变化:3.愈来愈流行:4.欺压:5.佃户:6.仆人:7.地主:1.hot word2.social change3.enjoy growing populari

13、ty；be increasingly popular;become more and more popular4.bully and oppress5.tenant6.servant 7.landlord第12页，共43页。Useful Expressions 8.花钱如流水:9.炫耀财富:10.称呼:11.下跌:12.大量购买:13.至今:14.被收入:8.spend money like water;lavish;overspend 9.show off/flaunt wealth10.a form of address;call 11.decrease;go down;fall12.pu

14、rchase/buy in bulk13.up to now;until now;to date14.be included in;be added to 第13页，共43页。1中文热词通常反映社会变化和文化，有些在外国媒体上愈来愈流行。例如，土豪（tuhao）和大妈(dama)都是老词，但已获取了新的意义。“反映”可用动词形式reflect,也可将其处理成名词，译为a reflection of；“有些”可处理成which引导的非限制性定语从句，即some of which.，使前后分句间关系更紧密。notesChinese hot words are often a reflection

15、of social changes and culture,some of which enjoy growing popularity among foreign media.Tuhao and dama,for instance,are both old words,but they have been given new meanings.第14页，共43页。2 土豪以前指欺压佃户和仆人的乡村地主，现在用于指花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人。Tuhao used to mean rural landlords who bullied and oppressed their tenants a

16、nd servants,but now it refers to people who spend money like water or those who show off their wealth around.中文中修饰人物的前置定语在英文翻译中一般都处理为who引导的定语从句，后半句中“花钱如流水或喜欢炫耀财富的人”可以用“those who”的句式翻译。notes第15页，共43页。3 也就是说，土豪有钱，但没有品位。In other words,tuhao are wealthy but tasteless.“有钱”和“没有品位”翻译时可处理成形容词，即wealthy but t

17、asteless。此句也可翻译成That is to say,tuhao owns money rather than taste.notes第16页，共43页。4 大妈是对中年妇女的称呼，但现在特指不久前金价下跌时大量购买黄金的中国妇女。Dama,a form of address for middle-aged women,is now used as a special word to describe Chinese women who purchased gold in bulk when the gold price decreased not long ago.“对中年妇女的称呼

18、”是对“大妈”的进一步解释，两者同为句子主语，可处理为“a form of address for middle-aged women”作“Dama”的同位语进行修饰。notes第17页，共43页。5 土豪和大妈可能会被收入新版牛津（Oxford）英语词典。至今已有120个中文词被加进了牛津英语词典，成了英语语言的一部分。The words,tuhao and dama,may be included in the new edition of Oxford English dictionary.Up to now,about 120 Chinese words have been added

19、 to the dictionary,becoming a part of English language.“至今已有成了英语语言的一部分”的前半句译成被动句，以Chinese words作主语，后半句隐含的主语与前面一致，“成了英语语言的一部分”可处理成现在分词短语表伴随状态，即becoming a part of English language。notes第18页，共43页。参考译文nChinese hot words are often a reflection of social changes and culture,some of which enjoy growing pop

20、ularity among foreign media.Tuhao and dama,for instance,are both old words,but they have been given new meanings.nTuhao used to mean rural landlords who bullied and oppressed their tenants and servants,but now it refers to people who spend money like water or those who show off their wealth around.I

21、n other words,tuhao are wealthy but tasteless.Dama,a form of address for middle-aged women,is now used as a special word to describe Chinese women who purchased gold in bulk when the gold price decreased not long ago.nThe words,tuhao and dama,may be included in the new edition of Oxford English dict

22、ionary.Up to now,about 120 Chinese words have been added to the dictionary,becoming a part of English language.第19页，共43页。Exercise 1n希望工程（Project Hope）是于1989年发起的一项公益事业，以救助贫困地区失学少年儿童（young dropouts）为目的。帮助建设希望小学与资助贫困学生是希望工程的两大主要任务。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，贫困地区缺乏教育经费的问题依旧严峻。超过3000万6-14岁的少年儿童因贫困而不能上学或者被迫辍学。希望工程的实施，改

23、变了一大批失学儿童的命运，改善了贫困地区的学校设施，极大地促进了基础教育的发展，弘扬了助人为乐的优良传统。第20页，共43页。Useful Expressions 1.希望工程 2.公益事业 3.贫困地区4.失学少年儿童 5.希望小学6.资助 7.主要任务 8.发展中国家9.教育经费10.严峻的问题11.被迫辍学12.实施13.学校设施 14.助人为乐15.优良传统1.Hope Project;Project Hope2.public service;charity;public welfare undertakings;the public good project3.poverty-str

24、icken areas4.young dropouts5.annual average6.fund7.major task8.a developing country9.education fund 10.a severe problem 11.be forced to drop out 12.implement 13.school facilities14.take pleasure in helping others15.fine tradition 第21页，共43页。1希望工程（Project Hope）是于1989年发起的一项公益事业，以救助贫困地区失学少年儿童（young drop

25、outs）为目的。Project Hope is a public good project launched in 1989,the goal of which is to help young dropouts in poverty-stricken areas.notes“于1989年发起的”可采用过去分词形式（launched in 1989）作后置定语；“以为目的”可译为非限制性定语从句，对核心词Project Hope进行补充说明，即为the goal of which.。第22页，共43页。2帮助建设希望小学与资助贫困学生是希望工程的两大主要任务。The two major ta

26、sks of Project Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schools and fund poor students.notes“帮助建设希望小学主要任务”可将“主要任务”作句子主语，避免英语句子头重脚轻。第23页，共43页。3中国仍然是一个发展中国家，贫困地区缺乏教育经费的问题依旧严峻。China is still a developing country,thus shortage of education fund in poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem.notes“中国仍然是一

27、个依然严峻”前后分两句暗含因果关系，翻译时加上表结果的连词thus，使句子更加连贯。第24页，共43页。4超过3000万6-14岁的少年儿童因贫困而不能上学或者被迫辍学。Because of poverty,more than 30 million children between the ages of 6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out.“超过3000万被迫辍学”中的“因贫困（because of poverty）”可置于句首，避免英语句子头重脚轻；“上学”可译为attend school。notes第25页

28、，共43页。5希望工程的实施，改变了一大批失学儿童的命运，改善了贫困地区的学校设施，极大地促进了基础教育的发展，弘扬了助人为乐的优良传统。The implement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves the school facilities in poverty-stricken areas.The development of basic education is thus greatly enhanced and the fine tradition of taking

29、pleasure in helping others is also promoted.最后一句的主语“希望工程的实施”后跟了4个并列谓语，如果对应译为4个并列的谓语会显得突兀，不太连贯。可将后2个谓语译为被动语态，独立成句，以增加句型的多样性；“助人为乐”可译为taking pleasure in helping others。notes第26页，共43页。【参考译文】nProject Hope is a public good project launched in 1989,the goal of which is to help young dropouts in poverty-st

30、ricken areas.The two major tasks of Project Hope are to help build Hope Primary Schools and fund poor students.China is still a developing country,thus shortage of education fund in poverty-stricken areas is still a severe problem.Because of poverty,more than 30 million children between the ages of

31、6-14 are unable to attend school or are forced to drop out.The implement of Project Hope changes the fate of a large number of dropouts and improves the school facilities in poverty-stricken areas.The development of basic education is thus greatly enhanced and the fine tradition of taking pleasure i

32、n helping others is also promoted.第27页，共43页。Exercise 2 传统中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母居住在同一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策（one-child policy）以来，中国家庭经历了许多变化。其中一个变化是核心家庭（nuclear family）成为主导。当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁。他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合症（empty-nest syndrome）。他们忽然感到孤独、沮丧、无用、消沉。所有这些社会、心理和生理上的变化同时发生，使得父母的生活质量下降。生活对于他们来说变得更

33、加有挑战性，更加艰难。第28页，共43页。Useful Expressions 1.年长父母 2.独生子女政策3.核心家庭 4.主导 5.心理变化6.同时发生 7.生活质量 8.有挑战性的 9.艰难的1.elderly parents 2.one-child policy3.nuclear family4.dominance5.psychological change6.happen simultaneously7.living quality8.challenging 9.tough第29页，共43页。1 传统中国家庭中，成年子女与年长父母居住在同一个屋檐下。自1974年中国实行独生子女政策

34、（one-child policy）以来，中国家庭经历了许多变化。Traditionally in Chinese families,adult children live with their elderly parents under the same roof.Since China implemented the one-child policy in 1974,Chinese families have experienced many changes.“自1974年中国实行了以来，中国家庭经历了”中的标志性词语“自以来”提示主句要使用完成时态。独生子女政策对中国家庭的影响一直持续到

35、现在，所以主句应用现在完成时。notes第30页，共43页。2 其中一个变化是核心家庭（nuclear family）成为主导。One of them is the dominance of the nuclear family in China.“其中一个变化”是承接上一句中的“许多变化”，因此使用代词指代前句的changes,译为one of them，并把后面的句子处理成名词结构。notes第31页，共43页。3 当独生子女因为读大学或结婚而离开家里时，父母才四五十岁。他们比其他国家育有多个子女的父母更早经历空巢综合症（empty-nest syndrome）。When the only

36、 child leaves home for university or marriage,the parents are in their forties or fifties.Parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome earlier than those with more children in some other countries.第二句是从经历空巢综合症的时间早晚角度将中国父母和其他国家父母进行比较，比较句式处理为“Parents suffer fromearlier than those”。“他们比其他国家”中的“育有多个子女的”可用wit

37、h more children来表示。notes第32页，共43页。4 他们忽然感到孤独、沮丧、无用、消沉。所有这些社会、心理和生理上的变化同时发生，使得父母的生活质量下降。They suddenly feel lonely,sad,useless and depressive.All these social,psychological and biological changes happen simultaneously,which worsens parents living quality.“使得父母的生活质量下降”可处理为which引导的非限制性定语从句，which用于指代“所有同

38、时发生”。notes第33页，共43页。5 生活对于他们来说变得更加有挑战性，更加艰难。Life becomes more challenging and tough for them.具有挑战性的和艰难的可译为 challenging and toughnotes第34页，共43页。【参考译文】nTraditionally in Chinese families,adult children live with their elderly parents under the same roof.Since China implemented the one-child policy in 1

39、974,Chinese families have experienced many changes.One of them is the dominance of the nuclear family in China.When the only child leaves home for university or marriage,the parents are in their forties or fifties.Parents suffer from empty-nest syndrome earlier than those with more children in some

40、other countries.They suddenly feel lonely,sad,useless and depressive.All these social,psychological and biological changes happen simultaneously,which worsens parents living quality.Life becomes more challenging and tough for them.第35页，共43页。Exercise 3 食品安全问题是关系到千千万万人民群众切身利益的社会问题。可是在中国，重大食品安全事件频繁发生，食

41、品安全问题日益严重。某些没有诚信的商人为了追求利润最大化，不惜往人们每天食用的食品当中添加种类繁多的非法化学添加剂（additive）,极大损害了人们的身体健康。食品安全不是一个人的责任，而是国家、社会、企业以及每个人的共同职责。只有全社会共同努力，食品安全问题才能从根本上得到解决。第36页，共43页。Useful Expressions 1.食品安全 2.切身利益 3.不诚信的商人 4.追求利润最大化 5.化学添加剂 6.共同职责 7.共同努力 8.从根本上得到解决 1.food safety2.vital interests3.dishonest businessmen 4.in the

42、pursuit of maximum profit 5.chemical additives6.shared responsibility7.a joint effort 8.be solved fundamentally 第37页，共43页。1 食品安全问题是关系到千千万万人民群众切身利益的社会问题。Food safety is a social problem concerning the vital interests of millions of people.第1句较长，先确定主干“食品安全问题是社会问题（Food safety is a social problem）”。“关系到切

43、身利益的”可用介词短语concerning the vital interests of.来表达，修饰a social problem，也可使用定语从句。notes第38页，共43页。2 可是在中国，重大食品安全事件频繁发生，食品安全问题日益严重。But major food safety incidents in China occur frequently,making the problem increasingly serious.第2句前后分句的关系可理解为“食品安全事件的频繁发生”造成了“问题日益严峻”，翻译时前半句作为主句，用主谓结构（food safety incidents

44、occur）陈述现象，后半句用现在分词结构making.increasingly serious作状语，说明导致的结果。notes第39页，共43页。3 某些没有诚信的商人为了追求利润最大化，不惜往人们每 天食用的食品当中添加种类繁多的非法化学添加剂（additive）,极大损害了人们的身体健康。In the pursuit of maximum profit,some dishonest businessmen add various illegal chemical additives to the food people eat every day,thus the health of

45、people is seriously harmed.第3句较长，先确定句子的主干“某些商人添加化学添加剂,极大损害了人们的身体健康”，用表结果的连接词thus进行衔接，some dishonest businessmen add.additives to.,thus the health of people is seriously harmed。然后将其他修饰成分补充。“为了追求利润最大化”译为目的状语In the pursuit of.。notes第40页，共43页。4 食品安全不是一个人的责任，而是国家、社会、企业以及每个人的共同职责。Food safety is not the du

46、ty of a single person,but the shared responsibility of the country,society,enterprises and individuals.notes中文表所属关系的定语在英文中可用of 结构连接修饰。第41页，共43页。5 只有全社会共同努力，食品安全问题才能从根本上得到解决。Only if the whole society makes a joint effort can food safety problem be solved fundamentally.末句中“只有（only if）”引导的状语从句置于主句之前时，主

47、句谓语要用部分倒装。notes第42页，共43页。【参考译文】nFood safety is a social problem concerning the vital interests of millions of people.But major food safety incidents in China occur frequently,making the problem increasingly serious.In the pursuit of maximum profit,some dishonest businessmen add various illegal chemi

48、cal additives to the food people eat every day,thus the health of people is seriously harmed.Food safety is not the duty of a single person,but the shared responsibility of the country,society,enterprises and individuals.Only if the whole society makes a joint effort can food safety problem be solved fundamentally.第43页，共43页。