第四章-建设工程质量管理-工程管理专业英语ppt课件.pptx

1、0 1The Definition of Construction QualityThere are many definitions of quality.T h e q u a l i t y o f c o n s t r u c t i o n p r o j e c t s i s d e f i n e d a s “t h e f u l f i l m e n t o f t h e o w n e r s n e e d s p e r d e f i n e d s c o p e o f w o r k s w i t h i n a budget and specifi

2、ed schedule to s a t i s f y t h e o w n e r s/u s e r s requirements”.LOGOentity enttn.实体实体in its broadest sense最广义上地最广义上地in the narrow sense狭义上地狭义上地contaminationkntmnenn.污染污染;污染物污染物codes kdzn.规范规范(code的复数的复数)prevailingprveladj.普遍的普遍的;流行的流行的regulatoryregjltriadj.监管的监管的;管理的管理的;控制的控制的SentencesSentenc

3、esB a s e d o n t h e f o r e g o i n g,t h e quality of construction projects is defined as“the fulfilment of the o w n e r s n e e d s p e r d e f i n e d s c o p e o f w o r k s w i t h i n a b u d g e t a n d s p e c i f i e d s c h e d u l e t o s a t i s f y t h e owners/users requirements”.基

4、于 上 述 内 容,建 设 项 目 质 量 可 定 义 为“在 预 算 及 规 定 的 时 间 内,按 照规定的工程范围实现业主需求所达到的业主或用户的需求满意度”。1.W h a t i s y o u r d e f i n i t i o n o f q u a l i t y?H a v e y o u c h a n g e d t h e d e f i n i t i o n o f q u a l i t y t h r o u g h reading the textbook?2.W h a t f a c t o r s d o y o u t h i n k affect

5、 the quality of construction projects?Review Questions and ProblemsReview Questions and Problems0 2History and PioneersC o n t e m p o r a r y q u a l i t y i s w h a t i t i s t o d a y b e c a u s e o f t h e c o m b i n e d c o n t r i b u t i o n s o f p i o n e e r s w h o m a d e b r e a k t h

6、 r o u g h a d v a n c e s b y d e v e l o p i n g,d e s c r i b i n g,a n d d e p l o y i n g n e w t e c h n i q u e s.R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e s e i n c l u d e W a l t e r A.S h e w h a r t,W.E d w a r d s D e m i n g,P h i l i p B.C r o s b y,e t c.W a l t e r A.S h e w h a r t W

7、 a l t e r A.S h e w h a r t 沃 尔 特沃 尔 特 阿 曼 德阿 曼 德 休 哈 特休 哈 特W.E d w a r d s D e m i n g W.E d w a r d s D e m i n g 威 廉威 廉 爱 德 华 兹爱 德 华 兹 戴 明戴 明P h i l i p B.C r o s b y P h i l i p B.C r o s b y 菲 利 普菲 利 普 克 罗 斯 比克 罗 斯 比LOGOcraftspeople krftspipln.工匠工匠holistic hlstkadj.整体的整体的combat kmbtn.战斗战斗unpre

8、cedented npresdentdadj.前所未有的前所未有的stagnant stgnntadj.停滞的停滞的enacted nktid vt.制定制定(法律法律);通过通过(法案法案)(enact的过去式的过去式)endorsement ndsmnt n.认可认可,支持支持;签注签注(文件文件)census senssn.(人口人口)普查普查bluntly blntliadv.直率地直率地merit mertn.价值价值tenet tentn.原则原则;信条信条1.To a d d re s s c i v i l i a n c o n c e r n s a b o u t va

9、r i a t i o n i n te l e p h o n e s e r v i c e i n t h e 1920s,Wal ter A.Sh ewh arts team at Bel l Tel ep h on e La b o rato r i e s d eve l o p e d n e w t h e o r i e s a n d s t a t i s t i c a l m e t h o d s f o r a s s e s s i n g,i m p r o v i n g,a n d maintaining quality.为 了 应 对 2 0 世 纪 2

10、 0 年 代 人 们 对 电 话 服 务 变 化 的 担 忧,贝 尔 电 话 实 验 室 的 W a l t e r A.Shewhart团队开发了新的理论和统计方法来评估、改进和保持质量。2.I n h i s 1 9 3 1 b o o k,Ec o n o m i c C o n t ro l o f Q u a l i t y o f M a n u fa c t u re d P ro d u c t,S h e w h a r t i d e n t i f i e d t w o t y p e s o f v a r i a t i o n:c h a n c e c a u

11、s e,w h i c h w a s i n h e r e n t i n t h e s y s t e m a n d c o u l d n o t b e i n d i v i d u a l l y i d e n t i f i e d,a n d a s s i g n a b l e c a u s e,w h i c h w a s a n e x c e p t i o n i n t h e s y s t e m a n d c o u l d b e individually identified and removed.在他1931年版的制造类产品质量的经济性

12、控制一书中,Shewhart 定义了两种类型的误差:一 种 是 随 机 误 差,这 是 系 统 固 有 的,不 能 单 独 识 别;另 一 种 是 非 随 机 误 差,这 是 系 统 中 的 意外情形,可以单独识别和去除。3.Dr.Deming was also much taken by the Japanese pursuit of quality.Deming博士也被日本人对质量的追求所深深吸引。Sentences Illustration Sentences Illustration Review Questions and Problems1.W h a t c a n w e l

13、e a r n f r o m t h e s u c c e s s f u l c a s e t h a t J a p a n e s e c a p t u r e d s i g n i f i c a n t g l o b a l m a r k e t s h a r e s o f t h e a u t o m o b i l e,m a c h i n e t o o l,e l e c t r o n i c s,s t e e l,p h o t o g r a p h y,a n d c o m p u t e r i n d u s t r i e s?2.P

14、l e a s e r e v i e w t h e r e l e v a n t l i t e r a t u r e o n S i x S i g m a q u a l i t y m a n a g e m e n t.3.W h a t c a t e g o r i e s d i d t h e C o n g r e s s o f U.S.c h o o s e w h e n e s t a b l i s h i n g M B N Q A?D o y o u t h i n k t h e r e a r e o t h e r c a t e g o r i

15、e s w h i c h s h o u l d b e c o n s i d e r e d?4.W h a t a s p e c t s d i d s c i e n t i s t s f o c u s o n w h e n d o i n g s t a t i s t i c a l q u a l i t y c o n t r o l?0 3Evolving Quality Concepts Six Sigma Six Sigma 六西格玛六西格玛Total Quality Management Total Quality Management 全面质量管理全面质量管

16、理S i x S i g m a i s,b a s i c a l l y,a p r o c e s s q u a l i t y g o a l.I t i s a p r o c e s s q u a l i t y t e c h n i q u e t h a t f o c u s e s o n r e d u c i n g v a r i a t i o n i n t h e p r o c e s s a n d p r e v e n t i n g d e f i c i e n c i e s i n t h e p r o d u c t.T o t a l

17、 q u a l i t y m a n a g e m e n t c a n b e d e f i n e d a s “a c o o p e r a t i v e f o r m o f d o i n g b u s i n e s s t h a t r e l i e s o n t h e t a l e n t s a n d c a p a b i l i t i e s o f b o t h l a b o u r a n d m a n a g e m e n t t o c o n t i n u a l l y i m p r o v e q u a l i

18、t y a n d p r o d u c t i v i t y u s i n g t e a m s w i t h t h e u l t i m a t e g o a l o f d e l i g h t i n g b o t h i n t e r n a l a n d e x t e r n a l c u s t o m e r s”.LOGOdeficiencies dfnsz n.缺乏缺乏;缺陷缺陷(deficiency的复数的复数)variation verenn.误差误差dispersion dspnn.分散分散(性性);离散离散(性性)universal ju

19、nvsladj.一般的一般的;通用的通用的Sentences IllustrationSentences Illustration Total quality management can be defined as“a cooperative form o f d o i n g b u s i n e s s t h a t r e l i e s on the talents and capabilities o f b o t h l a b o u r a n d m a n a g e m e n t t o c o n t i n u a l l y i m p r o v e

20、q u a l i t y a n d p r o d u c t i v i t y u s i n g t e a m s w i t h t h e u l t i m a t e g o a l o f d e l i g h t i n g b o t h i n t e r n a l a n d external customers”.全 面 质 量 管 理 可 以 被 定 义 为“依 靠 工 人和 管 理 者 的 才 能 和 能 力,通 过 团 队 合 作 不断 提 高 质 量 和 生 产 率,最 终 使 内 部 和 外 部客户都满意的合作型商业经营模式”。Review Que

21、stions and ProblemsReview Questions and ProblemsHow can the Six Sigma theory reduce quality defects?To what extent do you think its accuracy could be?0 4The Process of Construction Quality Management 质量管理过程质量管理过程Project Quality Planning Project Quality Planning 项目质量计划项目质量控制项目质量保证项目质量交付Project Qualit

22、y Assurance Project Quality Assurance Project Quality Control Project Quality Control Project Quality Closure Project Quality Closure LOGOcommitment kmtmntn.承诺承诺authorization razenn.批准批准execution ekskjunn.执行执行ambiguity mbgjutn.模糊模糊implemented mplment vt.实现实现(implement的过去分词的过去分词)deliverables dlvrblz

23、n.可交付的成果可交付的成果(deliverable的复数的复数)audits dtsn.审计审计(audit的复数的复数)disclose dsklzvt.透露透露;揭露揭露;公开公开closure kl(r)n.关闭关闭;终止终止(原文中把原文中把quality closure意译意译 为质量交付为质量交付,更符合中文表达更符合中文表达)referrals rfrlz n.呈交呈交;推荐推荐(referral的复数的复数)facilitate fsltetvt.促进促进Sentences IllustrationSentences Illustrationhe quality assura

24、nce plan lists all assurance activities in one place to assist in managing project quality.T T质 量 保 证 计 划 列 出 了 在 一 个 地 方 的 所 有 保 证 性 活 动,以 给 项目质量的管理提供帮助。1.What are the main parts of the process of construction project quality management?2.What does quality planning identify?3.H ow many steps are n

25、eed ed i n p rov i d i n g a ge n e ra l f ra m ewo r k for quality management?What do they focus on?0 5Reading material1.ISO 9000 The International Organization for Standardization(ISO)is a global body headquartered in Geneva,Switzerland that develops consensus standards for worldwide use.The organ

26、izations short title“ISO”is not a fractured acronym,but rather an adaptation of the Greek word isos,which translates to English as“equal”.The American National Standards Institute(ANSI)is the U.S.member of ISO.The American Society for Quality(ASQ)is a member of ANSI and is responsible for quality ma

27、nagement standards.It publishes standards in the ANSI/ISO/ASQ-Q 9000 series that are the U.S.equivalent of standards published by ISO.The ISO 9000-series of standards addresses quality management systems.The series includes three standards:1)ISO 9000,Quality management systemsFundamentals and vocabu

28、lary.2)ISO 9001,Quality management systemsRequirements.3)ISO 9004,Quality management systemsGuidelines for performance improvements.Examples of Quality&Safety Management StandardsReading materialISO 9001 is a specification standard.If an organization wishes to become certified or registeredthe terms

29、 mean the same thing,only the conventions of use differit would have to conform to the requirements in ISO 9001.Organizations can self-declare conformance or can hire a third-party registrar.Third-party certifications are generally viewed as more objective.ISO 9004 is a guidance standard.It provides

30、 additional,useful information about quality management.Nothing in it is required for certification.Generally,ISO 9004 contains elements on which international consensus could not be reached and,therefore,could not be included in ISO 9001.Neither ISO 9001 nor ISO 9004 are performance standards.They

31、do not address quality itself,only the management processes necessary to achieve quality.Various editions of the ISO standards include dates in the reference number.The ISO 9001 standard may be listed as ISO 9001:2000 to indicate the 2000 edition.The initial motivation for applying ISO 9001 may be c

32、ommercial.Many international customers favour suppliers that are certified.Once organizations see the benefits of a quality management system,they may continue regardless of specific commercial pressures.Examples of Quality&Safety Management StandardsReading materialISO 9001 is a brief document.It c

33、ontains many prescriptive paragraphs that indicate what an organization“shall”do.Conformance requires extensive documentation,including:(1)Quality policyA statement from top management.(2)Quality manualA document that addresses each clause in ISO 9001.Specific procedures may be part of the manual or

34、 referenced in the manual.(3)Quality objectivesGoals assigned to organizational elements.(4)Quality proceduresStep-by-step actions for each ISO 9001 requirement or any process that affects quality.(5)Forms,records,documentationProof of performance.ISO 9001 implementation provides many benefits.It fo

35、rces analysis of quality management activities.In the absence of a disciplined form of management,quality can be one of those things assumed to be done.It documents all aspects of the quality Examples of Quality&Safety Management StandardsReading materialmanagement systemagain,no assumptions or prom

36、ises,only facts.It focuses on prevention,not inspection.The ISO 9001 approach is prevention based,an approach proven to be more effective in the long run than identifying and fixing accepted defects as they occur.Finally,it is a framework for quality improvement.Continual improvement,not satisfactio

37、n with the status quo,is an essential part of the ISO 9001 approach.2.OHSAS 18000OHSAS(The Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series)18000 has been developed to help organizations control and minimize occupational health and safety risks.OHSAS 18001 is a specific standard for occupational hea

38、lth and safety management systems designed to eliminate or minimize the risk to employees and other related parties who may be exposed to occupational Examples of Quality&Safety Management StandardsReading materialhealth and safety risks associated with business activities.OHSAS 18000 is compatible

39、with ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 management systems.OHSAS 18001 represents a progression of a management philosophy from quality management to environmental management to occupational health and safety management.The benefits of implementing an OHSAS management system are:(1)reducing accidents and injuries to the employees.(2)reducing insurance liability and risk.(3)decreasing costs due to personal injury and production downtime.(4)reducing worker compensation insurance costs.(5)ease of managing safety risks.(6)enhancing employee safety awareness.Examples of Quality&Safety Management Standards