并列句与状语从句课件.ppt

1、2021/7/261(最新整理)并列句与状语从句2021/7/2622021/7/263句子的分类 句子按照其构成分为：1 简单句_ 2 并列句_He comes from the US and he likes China very much.3 复合句_ He didnt come to school yesterday because he was badly ill.五种五种基本句型由由并列连词并列连词将两个及以上的将两个及以上的简单句简单句连在一起连在一起含有含有从句从句的句子的句子2021/7/264二二简单句五种基本句型：简单句五种基本句型：1 He arrived.2 I li

2、ke apples3 He is a student.The food tastes good.主语+谓语（vi)主语主语+谓语谓语(vt)+宾语宾语主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语常见系动词：常见系动词：be,sound,look,taste,smell,feel,keep,remain,stay,stand(empty),go,become,get,prove 等等2021/7/2654 1)We call him Jim.2)We should keep the classroom clean.3)The teacher asked him to carry the books into

3、 the classroom.5 He gave me a book.=He gave a book to me.注：注：He gave it to me.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语+谓语谓语+间宾间宾+直宾直宾复合宾语复合宾语双宾语后常加双宾语的动词有：后常加双宾语的动词有：Show/offer/envy/teach/buy/make/get/own等等2021/7/266另外：祈使句和感叹句也属于简单句另外：祈使句和感叹句也属于简单句 Get up early.Please sit down.Dont be late.Lets go out.Let us wait ou

4、tside.Do remember us.What interesting books they are!How interesting the books are!2021/7/2671.概念：并列句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句通过并列连词连在一起。并列连词后的简单句被成为分句。并列句并列句2021/7/2682.常见的并列连词常见的并列连词：(1)表递进关系的有:_ _.He had plenty of money and he can spent it freely.(2)表转折关系的有：_ Jane said she was ill,yet I saw her in the

5、street just now.(3)表选择关系的有：_ Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.and,not only but also,neithernor,not.butbut,yet,whereas(而而)or,otherwise,eitheror2021/7/269四、复合句复合句1.概念：复合句又称主从复合句，2.复合句分三类：_ _ _ 形容词性从句即定语从句形容词性从句即定语从句名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，名词性从句：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句表语从句，同位语从句副词性从句即状语从句副词性

6、从句即状语从句2021/7/2610 语法：并列句与状语从句语法：并列句与状语从句一、副词性从句即状语从句 概念及分类:1.概念：在整个句子中作概念：在整个句子中作_称为状语从句。称为状语从句。（1）.I sent her back home.I sent her where she wanted to go.(前一句前一句home作地点状语；后一句作地点状语；后一句where she wanted to go作地点状语作地点状语)时间、地点、原因、时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步状语的从句让步状语的从句2021/7/2611（2）.All t

7、he students were sleeping soundly tonight.When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly.(前一句前一句tonight作时间状语；后一句作时间状语；后一句When the fire broke out作时间状语作时间状语)2021/7/26122.九大类状语从句及连词：九大类状语从句及连词：状语从句状语从句分类：分类：连词连词 时间状语时间状语从句从句 As,when,whenever,no matter when,while,after,before,once,as soo

8、n as,directly/immediately/instantly,no soonerthan,hardly/scarcelywhen,the instant/the moment/the second/the minute,every time/each time,the first time/the second time,(ever)since,till/until,2021/7/2613地点状语地点状语从句从句目的状语目的状语从句从句原因状语原因状语从句从句结果状语结果状语从句从句Where,wherever,everywhere,So that,in order that Bec

9、ause,as,for,since/now that,for fear that So that,so that,such that,so,2021/7/2614条件状语条件状语从句从句 方式状语方式状语从句从句 If,if only但愿但愿,only if只有，只有，in case/lest,as long as,as far as,unless,once,on condition that,on the assumption that,supposing that,provided that As,as if/as though,the way 2021/7/2615比较状语从比较状语从句

10、句 让步状语从让步状语从句句 Than,Asas,not soas.,the 比较级比较级,the 比较级比较级(more and more)Although,though,as,even if/even though,whetheror,no matter what/how/where/when/who/=whatever/however/wherever/whenever/whoever 2021/7/2616二、时间状语从句注意事项1.when,while 和as用法比较 1)When的用法 a.when表 当的时候+_性动词 eg:When the fire broke out,all

11、 the students were sleeping soundly When/while all the students were sleeping soundly,the fire broke out.延续延续/瞬时瞬时 2021/7/2617b.when表_（表动作发生的突然性）be doing when be about to do when be on the point of doing when had(just)done when/before eg:We were having a meeting when someone broke in.c.when _ eg.It

12、was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes表既然表既然这时这时 2021/7/26182）while 的用法.a.while表表_+延续性动词延续性动词 eg.Father was preparing a report while I was playing a computer game.I want my girls to experience the life in Spain while they are young.当当的时候；趁的时候；趁的时候的时候2021/7

13、/2619b.while表表_，引导让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句，从句常放在主句前从句常放在主句前 eg.While I am willing to help,I dont have much time.c.while表表_（并列连词）（并列连词）-两者对两者对比，或轻微转折比，或轻微转折 eg.He is tall while his twin brother is rather short.d.while表表 _，引导条件，引导条件状语从句状语从句 There will be life while there is water and air.尽管尽管而，然而而，然而只要只要(同同as

14、long as)2021/7/26203）as可表示从句和主句两个动作可表示从句和主句两个动作同时进行，可译为同时进行，可译为_As the day went on,the weather got worse.“一边一边.一边一边”或或“随着随着”2021/7/2621 即学即练：用即学即练：用when,while,as填空：填空：How can he get good grades_ he wont study?I was wandering through the street_ I caught sight of a tailors shop._I was wandering throu

15、gh the street,I caught sight of a tailors shop._he grew older,he lost interest in everything except gardening.There were some chairs left over_ everyone had sat down._ I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.whenwhenwhenWhileWhileAs2021/7/26222.before和since的用法比较1)before的用法 a.before表表_ eg.W

16、e hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.b.It_+before在在之前将多久；还要多久才之前将多久；还要多久才 eg.It wont be long before we meet again./It was long before we met again.在在之前；还未之前；还未就就;还没来得及还没来得及就就.;will be/wont be/would be/wouldnt be/was/wasnt+一段时间一段时间2021/7/2623 2)since的用法 a.It is/has been+一段时间+since_ 动词动词翻译成翻译成_ eg.

17、It is two years since we met last time.我们自从上次见面到现在两年了。b.It is/has been+一段时间+since_性动词性动词翻译翻译_ eg.It is years since I enjoyed myself.我多年没有玩的这么愉快了 延续延续 自从不自从不到现在已多长时间到现在已多长时间 瞬间瞬间 自从自从到现在已多长时间到现在已多长时间2021/7/2624 c.since表自从到现在 主句用_时态 since从句用_时态 e.g.Where have you been since I last saw you?d.since表既然时引

18、起原因状语从句，从句的时态看情况定 e.g.Since he said so,it must true.现在完成现在完成一般过去一般过去2021/7/2625 即学即练：用即学即练：用before,since填空：填空：-How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon?-Perhaps two or three years.-Take a cigarette,please.-No,thanks.It is three years_ I smoked.-Look!Those guys ar

19、e sweating out the examination.-They should work hard _ it is too late.-Why didnt you tell him about the meeting?-He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word.beforebeforebeforesince2021/7/26263.until与与till及及 notuntil/till的用法的用法 1)until引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主引导的从句可以放在主句之前或主句之后，但句之后，但till从句一般不放在句首。如：从句一般不放

20、在句首。如：e.g.Until he told me,I knew nothing about it.I knew nothing about it till/until he told me.他告诉我了我才知道。他告诉我了我才知道。2021/7/26272)当当not until位于句首时，主句中位于句首时，主句中要使用部分倒装语序要使用部分倒装语序：e.g.Not until she came back did I leave.=I didnt leave until she came back.在强调句型中一般用在强调句型中一般用until，不用，不用till，放到，放到强调句型中不用部

21、分倒装。强调句型中不用部分倒装。如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.2021/7/26284.表“一.就.”时hardly/scarcelywhen,no soonerthan引起的句子中，前面的主句常用_时，后面的从句用_时,_句常用部分倒装：e.g.Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.=We had hardly got into the country when i

22、t began to rain.No sooner had he come home than she started complaining.=He had no sooner come home than she started complaining.过去完成过去完成一般过去一般过去主主2021/7/2629三原因状语从句的注意事项三原因状语从句的注意事项1.because,as,for,since/now that的的区别区别 because语气最强表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道，因此because从句是全句最重要的部分，通常它被置于主句之后。下列情况下只

23、能使用because:在在回答回答why的问句时；的问句时；在用于强调句型时；在用于强调句型时；被被not所否定时；所否定时；连词前有连词前有only,just,simply等修等修饰时。饰时。You want to know why Im leaving?Im leaving because Im full.2021/7/2630 for的语气不及because,since,as强，为并列连词，引导的分句常放在主句之后引导的分句常放在主句之后，从句前通常用逗号，表示说话者为所做的推断和预测提供理由，或对前一分句进行补充和解释。如果不是因果关系，而是对前而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只

24、能用面主句的内容加以解释或推断时，只能用for。Its morning now,for the birds are singing.（很显然，鸟叫不可能是“现在已是早上”的原因。）2021/7/2631 as/since/now that表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉，因此它是句中不很重要的部分。As从句放在主句前从句放在主句前或后，或后，since/now that从句常放在主句前从句常放在主句前Seeing all of the children already seated,h

25、e said,“Since everyone is here,lets start.”2021/7/2632四地点状语从句的注意事项四地点状语从句的注意事项 1.注意区分注意区分where引导的定语从句与地引导的定语从句与地点状语从句的区别点状语从句的区别 Youd better make marks where you have any questions.（地点状语从句无（地点状语从句无先行词，黑体部分表作标记的地点）先行词，黑体部分表作标记的地点）Youd better make marks at the place where/in which you have any questio

26、ns.(定语从句定语从句the place作先行词作先行词)Put the book where it belongs.(地点状地点状语从句语从句)Put the book at the place where/to which it belongs.(定语从句定语从句)2021/7/2633五目的状语从句和结果状语从句五目的状语从句和结果状语从句的注意事项的注意事项 1.in order that 与 so that的用法比较 In order that引导的状语从句可放在主句之前或之后，而so that 引导的从句只能置于主句之后。e.g.Ill speak slowly so that/

27、in order that you can follow me.In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.2021/7/2634 2.so+形容词/副词+that 从句 So+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句 So many/much(多)/few/little（少）+名词+that从句 Such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句 Such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句2021/7/2635 以上so或such引导的目的或结果状语从句中，so或suc

28、h置于句首时，主句要用_句式：e.g.So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.倒装倒装2021/7/2636六条件状语从句和方式状语从句的注意事项1.unless与until的用法比较 e.g.Youll fail the exam unless you study hard.(=if you dont study hard强调条件.)We didnt go to bed until he came back.(强调时间)2021/7/2637 即学即练：用unless

29、或until填空 Owen wouldnt eat anything _ he cooked it himself._ our manager objects to Toms joining the club,we shall accept him as a member.They waited _ all of us arrived.unlessUnlessuntil2021/7/2638 2.as if 或或as though 引导的方式状语从引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气

30、。语气。e.g.The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.2021/7/2639七让步状语从句和比较状语从句的注意事项1.although 与though引导让步状语从句，不不与与_连用，但可与连用，但可与_连用连用 e.g,Although/Though it was raining hard,yet they went on playing football.but yet,still或或nevertheless2021/7/2640 2.though 还可作副词，意“

31、_”，置于句末，用逗号隔开 e.g.He hasnt finished the work;it doesnt matter,though.可是，可是，然而然而 2021/7/26413.though 引导的让步状语从句可以像引导的让步状语从句可以像as引导引导的从句一样用倒装句式的从句一样用倒装句式,但但although 引导的引导的从句只能用正常语序从句只能用正常语序。e.g.Young as/though she is,she knows much.Child as/though she is,she knows much.Hard as/though she studied,she fa

32、iled.Try as/though she might,she failed.2021/7/2642 Although she is young,she knows much.Although she is a child,she knows much.Although she studied hard,she failed.Although she might try,she failed.2021/7/26434.whetheror(不管还是);疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管;无论),都引导让步状语从句。e.g.Whether you believe it or no

33、t,the story is true.Whatever/No matter what you say,he wont believe you.但疑问词但疑问词+ever除了引导上面的让步状语从句外，除了引导上面的让步状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句，还可引导名词性从句，no matter+疑问词只引疑问词只引 导让步状语从句。导让步状语从句。e.g.He wont believe whatever you say.(宾语从句宾语从句不可用不可用no matter+疑问词疑问词)2021/7/2644 即学即练：用疑问词+ever把句子补充完整 _tomorrow(无论明天天气什么样)，our

34、ship will set sail for Macao.Whatever the weather is like2021/7/2645 八状语从句的省略八状语从句的省略 1.当当 地点，时间，地点，时间，条件，让步条件，让步状语从句中状语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同，状语从句的谓的主语与主句的主语相同，状语从句的谓语动词又含有系动词语动词又含有系动词is,was,或或were时，常时，常把从句的主语与系动词把从句的主语与系动词be一起省略；或当一起省略；或当状语从句中的主语是状语从句中的主语是it,状语从句的谓语动状语从句的谓语动词是词是is或或was时，常把从句中的主语时，常把从句中的主语

35、it与系与系动词动词is或或was一起省略。一起省略。2021/7/2646 e.g.Dont speak until(you are)spoken to.She always sings while(she is)doing her work.While(I was)in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.Come tomorrow if(it is)possible.Ill buy a TV set if(it is)necessary.As a young man,he studied law and became a lawyer(

36、=As/When he was a young man,).2021/7/2647 即学即练：即学即练：Every evening after dinner,if not_ from work,I will spend some time walking my dog.A.being tired B.tiring C.tired D.to be tired When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.A.compar

37、ed B.being compared C.comparing D.having compared Although _ my opinion,the old professor didnt come up with his own.A.against B.on C.for D.in2021/7/26482.比较状语从句中的省略比较状语从句中的省略 在对话中或特定的上下文中，由as或than引出的比较对象或内容与主句重复的部分可以省略：E.g.-Is Mike more diligent than Andrew?-Oh no,he is half as diligent(as Andrew).

38、How beautifully she sings!I have never heard a better voice(than hers).For women,life is twice as difficult(as it is for men).2021/7/2649 即学即练：Mum likes this old house in downtown better than the huge one in the country,but it costs almost _.A.twice as much B.twice as many C.twice so much D.twice so

39、 many 2021/7/2650 九在以下三类状语从句中主句用现在将来时，从句要用一般现在时表将来；主句用过去将来时，从句要用一般过去时：时间状语从句when,as soon as,the moment，before,until,by the time 条件状语从句if,once,unless 让步状语从句 although（wh疑问词+how）2021/7/2651 1）I will stay here until the rain stops.2）The wet weather will continue tomorrow,when a cold front is expected to

40、 arrive.3)If it doesnt rain tomorrow,I will go to see my uncle.4)Whatever he says,I will not believe him.2021/7/2652 注意：在宾语从句中该用将来时还得用将来时注意：在宾语从句中该用将来时还得用将来时 1.(2010吉林市高三第二次市统考）How about buying Sam a mobile phone?After all,he isnt a boy any more.I think it necessary,for we sometimes want to make sure if he _ home for dinner.A.will come B.comes C.has come D.would come2021/7/2653 To my dear friends:_ there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Persistent people get their success_ others failed.Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.Wherewhere2021/7/2654 That is all for today.Thank you!2021/7/2655