租船运输实务及法律-定期租船合同课件.ppt
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1、定期租船合同交船履行还船七大法律问题1.交船2.雇佣指示3.租金支付与撤船4.停租条款5.船舶描述与履约索赔6.还船7.定期租船合同下的货物责任定期租船合同标准条款 干散货定期租船NYPE 46/93 纽约土产格式Baltime 巴尔的摩格式Sinotime 中国租船公司定期租船合同格式 油船BPTIMESHELLTIME定期租船合同的主要法律问题定期租船合同的主要法律问题(一)(一)交船交船Delivery of the Ship基本规则 船东应该按照合同约定的时间和地点交船地点不一定是港口:“Vessel to be delivered on dropping last outward s
2、ea pilot at XXX”(DLOSP)如果船东延迟交船,承租人有权索赔因此产生的相关损失 承租人可能有权取消合同(销约条款)标准条款 SHELL LNG TIME 1,Clause 7 “Owners shall deliver the vessel to Charterers at the pilot boarding station inbound/outbound atUnless other wise agreed the Vessel shall not be delivered to Charterers beforehrs local time.but must be d
3、elivered to Charterers no later thanhrs local timeCharterers shall have the option of cancelling this charter if the Vessel is not ready and at their disposal during this period.”标准条款BPTIME 3,Clause 2“2.3 If at any time it appears to Charterers that the Vessel will not be delivered in accordance wit
4、h Clause 1 by the Cancelling Date,Charterers may require the Owners to state in writing the date and time that they expect the Vessel to be ready to be delivered,such statement to be given within(96)hours of Charterers request.2.4 If the date and time notified by Owners falls after the Cancelling Da
5、te then Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charter within(120)hours of receipt of the said notice from Owners or within(48)hours after the Cancelling Date,whichever is earlier.If Charterers do not exercise their option to cancel this Charter then the new Cancelling Date shall be(12)
6、hours after the date and time notified by ownersor such other date and time as may be mutually agreed.”标准条款 GentimeClause 1(b)Delivery Place:The Owners shall deliver the Vessel to the Charterers at the port or place stated in Box 8 or a port or place within the range stated in Box 8(c)Delivery Time:
7、Delivery shall take place no earlier than the date/time stated in Box 9 and no later than the date/time stated in Box 10.Delivery shall be effected at any time day or night.Saturdays,Sundays and holidays included.受载期LaycanLaycan规则和航次租船合同相同通常而言,在laycan第一天之前,承租人无义务接受船舶交付如果船舶不能在销约日前交付,不论原因为何,承租人皆有权取消合同
8、;但除非另有约定,否则承租人不可在销约日前取消合同承租人有权取消合同的同时索赔损失 clause 7 of ShellLNGTime 1 provides that“.the Vesselmust be delivered to Charterers no later than”承租人应该严格按照相应合同条款行使销约权 销约权必须在合同约定的时限内行使,否则销约权就会丧失。如果合同没有约定,则必须在合理期限内行使。销约权如丧失,则租船合同的全部效力不受影响,承租人必须接受交船,并开始履行相应义务销约期GentimeClause 1(d)Cancellation:Should the Vesse
9、l not be delivered by the date/time stated in Box 10 the Charterers shall have the option to cancel the Charterparty without prejudice to any claims the Charterers may otherwise have on the Owners under the Charterparty.If the Owners anticipate that,despite their exercise of due diligence,the Vessel
10、 will not be ready for delivery by the date/time stated in Box 10,they may notify the Charterers in writing,stating the anticipated new date of readiness for delivery,proposing a new cancelling date/time and requiring the Charterers to declare whether they will cancel or will take delivery of the Ve
11、ssel.Should the Charterers elect not to cancel or should they fail to reply within two working days(as applying at the Charterers place of business)of receipt of such notification,then unless otherwise agreed,the proposed new cancelling date/time will replace the date/time stated in Box 10.This prov
12、ision shall operate only once and should the Vessel not be ready for delivery at the new cancelling date/time the Charterers shall have the option of cancelling this Charterparty.交船时对船舶状态的要求 交船时,船舶应当适航“she being in every way fitted for ordinary dry cargo service with cargo holds well swept,cleaned a
13、nd ready to receive cargo before delivery under this charter.”Upon delivery the charterers can require the ship to be in the condition specified in the contract and ready to commence commercial trading for them交船时船上燃油如何处理 LinertimeClause 6 BunkersThe Charterers at port of delivery to take over and p
14、ay for all fuel remaining in the Vessels bunkers at(a)current price,at the respective ports(b)a fixed price per tonThe Vessel to be delivered with not less than the number of tons and not exceeding the number of tons stated in Box 25 in the Vessels bunkers.交船时相关港口使费如何分担 LinertimeClause 5The Chartere
15、rs to pay all dock,harbour,light and tonnage dues at the ports of delivery(unless incurred through cargo carried before delivery)定期租船合同的主要法律问题定期租船合同的主要法律问题(二)(二)承租人雇佣指示承租人雇佣指示Charterers Employment Order航次租船合同与定期租船合同在雇佣指示方面的对比 航次租船合同中,双方当事人的权利义务已经大部分预先设定在合同条款中,所以承租人给予船东履行合同的指令的权利是非常有限的。定期租船合同中,承租人想要履
16、行的航次并未预先设定,所以承租人有足够权利给予船东履行合同的具体指令。定期租船合同下承租人的权利 定期租船合同下承租人的关键权利(Key Rights)To decide where the vessel shall go and what she shall carry,how(in short)she shall be used,always subject to the terms of the charterparty.The language used is general and the power correspondingly wide.The nature and purpo
17、se of time charter is to enable the charterers to use the vessel during the period of the charters for trading in whatever manner they deem fit.定期租船合同下承租人的权利 承租人实现其权利的途径雇佣和指示条款Employment Clause承租人有权就船舶的商业运营商业运营给予指示,且(通常)有义务补偿因此类指示而给船东带来的损失雇佣指示条款的例子 Baltime 1939,Clause 9“The Master to be under the or
18、ders of the Charterers as regards employment,agency,or other arrangements.The Charterers to indemnify the owners against all consequences or liabilities arising from the Master,Officers or Agents signing Bills of Lading or other documents or otherwise complying with such orders,as well as from any i
19、rregularity in the Vessels papers or for over-carrying goods.”雇佣指示条款的例子 NYPE 1946,Clause 8“That the Captain shall prosecute his voyages with the utmost despatch,and shall render all customary assistance with the ships crew and boats.The Captain(although appointed by the Owners),shall be under the or
20、ders and directions of the Charterers as regards employment and agency;”雇佣指示条款的例子LinertimeClause 10 MasterThe Charterers to give the necessary sailing instructions,subject to the limits of the Charter.The Master to be under the orders of the Charterers as regards employment,agency,or other arrangeme
21、nts.The Master to prosecute all voyages with the utmost despatchThe Master to keep full and correct logs accessible to the Charterers or their AgentsIf the Charterers have reason to be dissatisfied with the conduct of the Masterthe Owners on receiving particulars of the complaint,promptly to investi
22、gate the matter,and,if necessary and practicable,to make a change in the appointments.雇佣指示条款的例子 Utmost despatchDuring the sea voyage the master must choose the fastest route without jeopardizing the safety of the shipBefore arrival in port,all documents must be prepared to avoid delay with formaliti
23、es The master must supervise loading and discharging in order to get the quickest possible despatch雇用补偿 承租人指示给船东造成的损失,承租人有义务补偿 该补偿如果没有明示在合同中,法律通常也会默示该补偿的存在,除非合同有相反约定。如果损失是由于航海风险(navigational risk)导致的,而不是雇佣指示导致的,那么船东不能要求补偿。船东必须证明其损失是其遵循承租人雇佣指示的直接后果(direct cause)雇用补偿 通常而言,在没有明示条款的情况下,以下两种船东遵循雇佣指示而产生的损
24、失,船东不得要求承租人补偿该指示是船东有义务拒绝的指示损失是由于船长或船员的介入行为导致雇佣指示的含义船舶和船员的利益承租人和货方的利益船长在贸易过程中通常会面对利益冲突雇佣指示的含义 通常而言,船长需要对有关船舶安全和贸易合法性的问题负责“The charterers right to use the vessel must be given full and fair effect;but it cannot encroach on matters falling within the specialised professional maritime expertise of the m
25、aster,particularly where the safety or security of the vessel,her crew and her cargo are involved.He is the person,on the vessel,immediately responsible.Technical questions concerning the operation of the vessel are for him.”雇佣指示的含义 承租人有权给予船长有关船舶商业营运的指示(commercial operation),而船长也必须遵循此种指示 承租人无权给予船长有关
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