英语构词法之合成法与混成法课件.ppt

1、合成法合成法 compounding-精品文档-CompoundingConcept将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为合成法法。Compounding:a process by which a compound lexeme is derived from two or more simpler lexemes.Characteristicsto distinguish a compound from a free phrase:Semantic Features(语义学标准语义学标准):a compound has it own semantic features,rather t

2、han the meaning combination of each word.E.g.greenhouse vs.green houseOrthographic Features（正字法标准正字法标准）:Compounds are written in various ways.E.g.a.Solid(字间不留空的):bedroom,newspaper,horseback;b.Hyphenated(用连字符连接的):part-time,good-looking;c.Open(字间留空的):air force,air raid,black list,black seaPhonological

3、 Features（音位学标准）（音位学标准）:compounds have a high or unity stress in the first component.E.g.Grammatical Features（语法特征）（语法特征）:compounds have their own grammatical features.e.g.v.+n.breakwater n.;n+-ed homemade adj.;adj+-ed newborn adj.扬声器 loudspeaker rather than louder speaker compoundsphrasesbluebird a

4、 blue birdblackboarda black boardFormation合成名词(Noun compounds)合成动词(Verb compounds)合成形容词(Adjective compounds)合成副词和合成代词 (Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds)合成名词 Noun compounds方式例词名词+名词football,notebook,seafood,hand-book.形容词+名词blackboard,first-class,green house动名词+名词waiting-room,writing-desk,sleepi

5、ng bag.动词+名词pickpocket,turn-coat,sleepwalker副词+名词income,overcoat,inland代词+名词he-goat,she-wolf名词+介词+名词father-in-law,editor-in-chief动词+副词take-off,breakup,breakdown副词+动词output,download,overflow合成动词 Verb compounds构成方式例词名词+动词sleepwalk,waterski,daydream,sunbathe副词+动词overcome,overeat,upload,uphold形容词+副词whit

6、ewash,quick-charge,blacklist,ill-treat其它方式blow-dry,spin-dry梦游 滑水 做白日梦 沐日光浴克服 吃太多 上传 维护刷白 快速充电 列入黑名单 虐待 吹干 甩干合成形容词 Adjective compounds 构成 方式 例词 过去分词或-ed词尾 kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born-ing词尾 good-looking,easy-going,man-eating形+名或名+形full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new其它方式 two-hour,out-door,up

7、-hill,see-through好心的 中年的 新生的 好看的 随和的 吃人的 全职的 头等的 冰冷的 全新的 两小时的 户外的 上山的 透明的 合成副词和合成代词 Adverb compounds and Pronoun compounds构成方式例词合成副词empty-handed,single-handed,sidewayshowever,anywhere,downstairs合成代词myself,himself,ourselvessomeone,anybody,nothing,everyone空手地 单枪匹马地 向一边 然而 任何地方 往楼下 我自己 他自己 我们自己某人 任何人 没

8、事 每个人-精品文档-精品文档-Blending-精品文档-The meaning of blending-精品文档-混成法（混成法（BlendingBlending）定义）定义混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法混成法：也叫混合法或拼缀法,是把两个词合在一起是把两个词合在一起,其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母其中至少有一个词失去部分音节或字母,新词的意新词的意义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。义是它组成成分意义的融合或叠加。例如：例如：news broadcast newscast 新闻广播新闻广播television broadcast telecast 电视播送电视播送smoke and fog

9、smog 烟雾烟雾photo and graphy photography摄影，摄影术摄影，摄影术-精品文档-More and more police and traffic experts believe that autocide is an important cause of traffic death.The black woman supported her big family to live in the slurb where far away from the center.slurb(美美.市郊贫民区市郊贫民区)=slum+suburbThe chunnel beneat

10、h the English Channel,put into service in 1994,linked England and France.chunnel(水底隧道水底隧道)=channel+tunnelautocide(撞车自杀)=automobile+suicideheadtailheadtailtailheadStructure 1 The structures of blending-精品文档-Structure 1automobile+suicide=autocide slum+suburb=slurb channel+tunnel=chunnel 狮虎兽：狮虎兽：广告统计学广

11、告统计学:经济滞胀经济滞胀:雾霾雾霾:head+tail lion+tiger=lion+tiger=advertising+advertising+statistics=statistics=stagnation+stagnation+inflation=inflation=smoke+fog smoke+fog=-精品文档-Structure 2The sitcom Growing Pains is quite popular in America.These stations would hold a private key that let them recognize tagged

12、connections from telex clients.With the help of comsat,Google Map could captured every details of the environment to an extreme degree.telex(电传)=teleprinter+exchangersitcom(情景喜剧)=situation+comedyheadheadheadheadcomsat(卫星通讯)=communication+satelliteheadhead-精品文档-situation+comedy=sitcom teleprinter+exc

13、hange=telex communication+satellite=comsat Structure 2head+head-精品文档-Structure 3 医疗救助 head+word medicaid=medical+aid 汽车野营 autocamp=automobile+camp 欧亚 Eurasia=Europe+Asia-精品文档-Structure 4 劳动福利 流动书店bookmobileword+tail=talk+marathonworkfare=work+welfare=book+automobile冗长的谈话talkathon-精品文档-Conclusion Ble

14、nding is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established.Moreover,they even serve as models for new formations(hamburger beefburger,cheeseburger,etc.).The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns;very few are verbs and adjectives are even fewer.The few verbs are:telecast(from television+broadcast),guestimate(from guess+estimate),and breathalyse(from breath+analyse).-精品文档-混成法构词兼具合成法与截略法两大构词特点，同时它正以最经济的空间和速度来汇集，传递尽可能多的自然科学、社会科学以及日常生活等方面的时代信息，它的出现是各种现代语言的普遍现象，已为人们普遍接受和运用。结论结论