英译汉常用的方法和技巧.ppt课件.ppt

1、 第一节：分译与合译第一节：分译与合译 第二节：被动语态的译法第二节：被动语态的译法 第三节：名词从句的译法第三节：名词从句的译法 第四节第四节:定语从句的译法定语从句的译法 第五节：状语从句的译法第五节：状语从句的译法 第六节：长句的译法第六节：长句的译法第一节第一节分分 译译 与与 合合 译译 英译汉时，如果一个英语句子不能用一个汉语单句清楚地表达出来，我们可以把原句拆开，用两个或两个以上汉语单句来表达，这叫做分译分译(Division).1 S o I s w a m a n d,presumably because of the long absence of foreigners f

2、rom Sichuan,before an undeservedly large and enthusiastic audience.于是我就下水游泳了；大于是我就下水游泳了；大概在四川省人们很久没见概在四川省人们很久没见过外国人了，所以我游泳过外国人了，所以我游泳时，旁边有一大群热心的时，旁边有一大群热心的观众；而单凭我的游泳技观众；而单凭我的游泳技术是不配引来这样一大群术是不配引来这样一大群观众的。观众的。2.When someone asks me what business I am in,I become embarrassed.I stutter and stammer.My fa

3、ce feels hot.当有人问我从事什么职业时，当有人问我从事什么职业时，我感到很尴尬，脸发烫，结我感到很尴尬，脸发烫，结结巴巴地难以启齿。结巴巴地难以启齿。I分译法的使用分译法的使用 A单词的分译单词的分译 将原文中的一个单词分离出来将原文中的一个单词分离出来单独译为汉语的一个句子，使原单独译为汉语的一个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个以上的文的一个句子分译成两个以上的汉语单句。可能进行分译的单词汉语单句。可能进行分译的单词有：有：(1)形容词形容词 3.He is having an identifiable trouble with his teeth.他正患牙病，他正患牙病，这是大

4、家都看这是大家都看得出来的得出来的。4.The day dawned misty and overcast.那天天亮时那天天亮时雾气很重，天上雾气很重，天上布满乌云。布满乌云。5.As a shy young visitor to Einsteins home,I was made to feel at ease when Einstein said,”I have something to show you.”小时候有一次去爱因斯坦家作小时候有一次去爱因斯坦家作客，由于客，由于我很腼腆我很腼腆，他就对我说：，他就对我说：“我有样东西给你看。我有样东西给你看。”于是我于是我便感到不拘束了。便感

5、到不拘束了。(2)副词副词 6.Frankly,are you interested in going?你说实话你说实话，有兴趣吗？，有兴趣吗？7.Not surprisingly,those who w e r e p r a i s e d i m p r o v e d dramatically.那些受到表扬的人进步显著那些受到表扬的人进步显著，这是不足为怪的这是不足为怪的。8.Characterically,Mr.Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.哈罗德先生没有表露自己的哈罗德先生没有表露自己的感情，只是察言观色

6、，心领感情，只是察言观色，心领神会。神会。这是他的性格。这是他的性格。（3）动词）动词 9.We recognize and share Chinas resolve to resist the attempts of any nation which seeks to establish global or regional hegemony.我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国我们认识到中国决心抵抗任何国家寻求建立全球霸权和地区霸权家寻求建立全球霸权和地区霸权的企图，的企图，我们也有这样的决心我们也有这样的决心。（4）名词）名词 10.She left home a child and came

7、back a mother of three children.离家时她还是个孩子离家时她还是个孩子，回来，回来时时已是已是三个孩子的妈妈了。三个孩子的妈妈了。11.As a secret training base for a revolutionary new plane,it was an excellent site,its remoteness effectively masking its activity.作为新型飞机的训练基地，这是作为新型飞机的训练基地，这是一个非常理想的地方；一个非常理想的地方；因为它地因为它地处边陲处边陲，人们不容易了解其中的，人们不容易了解其中的活动。活

8、动。B短语分译短语分译 将原文中的一个短语译为一将原文中的一个短语译为一个句子，使原文的一个句子个句子，使原文的一个句子分译成两个或两个以上的汉分译成两个或两个以上的汉语句子。可能进行分译的短语句子。可能进行分译的短语有：语有：（1）分词短语）分词短语 12.He was dressed,sitting by the fire,looking a very sick and miserable boy of nine years.他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。他已穿好衣服，坐在火炉旁。这个这个9岁的男孩看上去病得很岁的男孩看上去病得很厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样。厉害，一副可怜巴巴的模样。13.He

9、handed me my draft of the plan completely modified.他把我的计划草案交还了他把我的计划草案交还了我，我，内容全改动了内容全改动了。（2）介词短语）介词短语 14.The fire started during the workmens dinner hour.工人们吃饭时工人们吃饭时，发生了火灾。，发生了火灾。15.With all his faults,I like him.尽管他有种种缺点尽管他有种种缺点，我还是，我还是喜欢他。喜欢他。（3）名词短语）名词短语 16.Alice,normally a timid girl,argued he

10、atedly with them about it.阿丽丝平时是个腼腆的姑娘阿丽丝平时是个腼腆的姑娘，现在也和他们热烈地辩论起现在也和他们热烈地辩论起来。来。17.You should consult your advisor,Dr.John H.Olson,Room 125D Science Wing,Phone 715 232-2604,concerning the planning of your program.你应找你的指导教师约翰你应找你的指导教师约翰.H.奥奥尔森博士商量你的计划。尔森博士商量你的计划。他在理他在理科 侧 楼科 侧 楼1 2 5 D房 间，电 话 是房 间，电 话

11、 是715232-2604。C长句分译长句分译 长句分译这里主要是指长句分译这里主要是指将含有一个或多个定语将含有一个或多个定语从句的英语长句分译为从句的英语长句分译为两个或多个汉语句子。两个或多个汉语句子。1 8.B u t u n d e r n e a t h t h e sympathetic talk,they actually feel a little wistful envy of the men who brave the winds,rain,snow,cold,and storms upon the restless water.然而，在这种富于同情的闲聊然而，在这种富于

12、同情的闲聊下面，他们实际上都有着一种强下面，他们实际上都有着一种强烈的羡慕之情；他们羡慕那些在烈的羡慕之情；他们羡慕那些在惊涛骇浪中搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒惊涛骇浪中搏风斗雨、傲雪顶寒的人们。的人们。19.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women h a v e o u t g r o w n t h e jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they havent.一位年轻女士与一位少校

13、一位年轻女士与一位少校展开了热烈的讨论。年轻展开了热烈的讨论。年轻女士认为，妇女已经有所女士认为，妇女已经有所进步，不再像过去那样一进步，不再像过去那样一见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子见到老鼠就吓得跳到椅子上，少校则不以为然。上，少校则不以为然。20.We have nothing to do with David Swan until we find him at the age of twenty on the main road from his home to the City of Boston where his uncle,a businessman,is going to give h

14、im work in the store which he owns.我们与戴维我们与戴维.斯旺本来毫无斯旺本来毫无关系。直到有一天，我们关系。直到有一天，我们见到见到20岁的他离家上了大岁的他离家上了大路，去波士顿他舅舅家。路，去波士顿他舅舅家。他舅舅是做生意的，开了他舅舅是做生意的，开了个店，安排他去那里做事。个店，安排他去那里做事。II合译法的使用合译法的使用 A将两个或两个以上的英语简将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为一个汉语单句单句合译为一个汉语单句 21.It was 2 a.m.on a hot August night.In a San Francisco suburb,a m

15、an staggered out of a bar.一个炎热的一个炎热的8月夜晚凌晨两点钟，月夜晚凌晨两点钟，在旧金山郊区，有个人摇摇晃晃在旧金山郊区，有个人摇摇晃晃的走出酒吧间。的走出酒吧间。22.People are the same everywhere.They are born.They are babies.They are children.They are adults.They grow old.They die.各地的人都是一样的。人们各地的人都是一样的。人们生下来都要经历从婴儿、儿生下来都要经历从婴儿、儿童、成年人直至衰老死亡的童、成年人直至衰老死亡的各个人生阶段。各个人

16、生阶段。B将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句将英语的并列句合译为汉语单句 23.Her dress was grey and plain,but it fitted her body nicely.她一身素装简单而合身。C将英语的主从复合句译为将英语的主从复合句译为汉语单句汉语单句 24.Thats the only thing we can do now.目前我们只能这样做。目前我们只能这样做。25.Thats why you should put one item of information on each of information card.因而每张资料卡上只应记一因而每张资料卡上只应记

17、一条资料。条资料。D将两个或两个以上的英语将两个或两个以上的英语简单句合译为汉语的一个联简单句合译为汉语的一个联合复句合复句 26.Pitcher was a quiet man.He didnt usually let his face show his feelings.皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易皮切尔不爱说话，也不轻易在脸上显露喜怒哀乐。在脸上显露喜怒哀乐。第二节第二节被被 动动 语语 态态 的的 译译 法法 I英语被动语态的用法英语被动语态的用法 英语中被动语态的使用比英语中被动语态的使用比汉语较为普遍。英语句子汉语较为普遍。英语句子在下列情况下一般使用被在下列情况下一般使用被动语态：动

18、语态：A不必或者无法说明主动不必或者无法说明主动者是谁者是谁 1.This book has been translated into several foreign language.该书已经译成了好几种外该书已经译成了好几种外国语言。国语言。B谈话的中心是承受谈话的中心是承受者而不是主动者者而不是主动者2.The machine here are all made in China.这儿的所有机器都是中这儿的所有机器都是中国制造的。国制造的。C出于礼貌，不愿说明谁出于礼貌，不愿说明谁是主动者是主动者 3.Im flattered.你过奖了。（不可译成：你过奖了。（不可译成：我受到了奉承。）

19、我受到了奉承。）D为了使句子易于安排为了使句子易于安排 4.Unfortunately,their plan failed and we mercilessly criticized by their opponents.不幸的是，他们的计划失败不幸的是，他们的计划失败了，并且遭到了反对者们的了，并且遭到了反对者们的批评。批评。II被动语态的译法被动语态的译法 A汉语的被动语态一般带汉语的被动语态一般带有有“被被”、“受受”、“由由”等词。有时英文原句的被动等词。有时英文原句的被动语踏可以译成带有语踏可以译成带有“被被”、“受受”、“由由”等词的汉语等词的汉语被动结构被动结构 5.Both t

20、he father and the son were thrown into prison.父子倆都被投进了监狱。父子倆都被投进了监狱。6.Wherever she went,the princess was welcomed with great enthusiasm.无论走到哪儿，公主都受到无论走到哪儿，公主都受到非常热烈的欢迎。非常热烈的欢迎。7.The children were taken care of by their grandparents when we were away.当我们不在时，孩子们当我们不在时，孩子们由他们的祖父母照看。由他们的祖父母照看。B.应该注意绝不可以

21、滥用应该注意绝不可以滥用“被被”字字 如，如，This book was written in 1912.不可译成不可译成“这本书是这本书是1912年被写的年被写的”，而译成，而译成“这本书写于这本书写于1912年较妥。年较妥。所以，在许多情况下，应该所以，在许多情况下，应该用其他形式来翻译英文的被用其他形式来翻译英文的被动语态。动语态。（1）译成主动式）译成主动式 8.This project should be finished as soon as possible.这项工程应该尽早这项工程应该尽早完成完成。9.This must be made clear to everybody.这

22、一点必须向大家讲这一点必须向大家讲明白明白。10.This issue is not much talked about in China.在中国（人们）很少谈论这在中国（人们）很少谈论这个个问题问题。11.She is dressed in red.她身穿她身穿红色的衣服。红色的衣服。12.We are convinced that our team will win.我们我们相信相信我对讲获胜。我对讲获胜。13.The gun is loaded.枪枪装有子弹。装有子弹。14.The gun was quickly loaded again.枪很快又枪很快又被装上了子弹。被装上了子弹。15

23、.University of Electronic Science and Technology of China is located in the eastern part of Chengdu City.电子科技大学电子科技大学位于位于成都市成都市的东部。的东部。（2）译成无主语的句子）译成无主语的句子 16.Smoking(is)prohibited.严禁吸烟。严禁吸烟。17.It is said that the old man is a millionaire.据说那老头是个百万富翁。据说那老头是个百万富翁。18.It is well known that Hong Kong ha

24、s been part of China since ancient times.众所周知（大家知道）香港众所周知（大家知道）香港自古就是中国的一部分。自古就是中国的一部分。It is reported that 据报据报 It is supposed that 据推测据推测 It is hoped that 希望希望 It must be pointed out that 必须指出必须指出 It must be admitted thatIt must be admitted that 必须承认必须承认 It is believed thatIt is believed that 有人相信有

25、人相信 It is generally considered It is generally considered thatthat 大家认为大家认为 It will be said thatIt will be said that 有人会说有人会说 It was told thatIt was told that 有人曾说有人曾说 (3)(3)译成其他特定的汉语句译成其他特定的汉语句型型19.We19.We were very much were very much impressed byimpressed by what she what she had said.had said.我们

26、为她的言语我们为她的言语深深打动。深深打动。20.Everybody in the room 20.Everybody in the room was was shocked byshocked by his thundering his thundering voice.voice.他那雷鸣般的嗓音把房间里所有他那雷鸣般的嗓音把房间里所有的人的人惊呆了惊呆了。21.The downtown area of 21.The downtown area of TokyoTokyo was practically was practically destroyeddestroyed by the e

27、arthquake.by the earthquake.地震地震几乎使几乎使东京城区东京城区完全毁灭完全毁灭。22.They22.They got married got married last last Sunday.Sunday.他们上个星期天他们上个星期天结了婚结了婚。2 3.J a c k2 3.J a c k g o t c a u g h t g o t c a u g h t slipping a note to Lisa slipping a note to Lisa during the exam.during the exam.在考试过程中杰克向莉萨递在考试过程中杰克向莉

28、萨递条子时条子时被发现了被发现了。第三节第三节名名 词词 从从 句句 的的 译译 法法I I主语从句的译法主语从句的译法含主语从句的句型有含主语从句的句型有1)“1)“主语从句主语从句+主句谓语主句谓语+其他成分其他成分”；2)“2)“形式主语形式主语it+it+主句谓主句谓语语+主语从句主语从句”。A.A.上述第一种句型一般上述第一种句型一般用顺译法用顺译法 1 1That she survived That she survived the earthquake is sheer the earthquake is sheer luck.luck.她在地震中幸免于难纯靠她在地震中幸免于难纯

29、靠运气。运气。2.Who ever breaks the 2.Who ever breaks the regulations deserves a regulations deserves a fine.fine.违规者应予罚款。违规者应予罚款。3.Which result is correct 3.Which result is correct remains to be studied.remains to be studied.哪个结果正确，还有待研究。哪个结果正确，还有待研究。4.What little she said has 4.What little she said has l

30、eft us much to think about.left us much to think about.她说的短短几句话很发人深思。她说的短短几句话很发人深思。5.That he was in error will 5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends.warmest friends.他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友对此不会提出质疑对此不会提出质疑 B.B.翻译第二种句型的句子，翻译第二种句型的句子，除需

31、省译形式主语除需省译形式主语itit外，还外，还需根据汉语的表达习惯，有需根据汉语的表达习惯，有的用顺译，有的用倒译，有的用顺译，有的用倒译，有的两者均可，有时主从合译的两者均可，有时主从合译（1 1）顺译）顺译6.It hasnt been made clear 6.It hasnt been made clear when the new expressway is when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic.to be opened to traffic.还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通车。车。7.It o

32、ccurred to him that he 7.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his had forgotten to take his notebook with him.notebook with him.他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。（2 2）倒译）倒译8.It doesnt matter 8.It doesnt matter where we are going on where we are going on holiday.holiday.我们去哪儿渡假我们去哪儿渡假都没关系。都没关系。

33、9.Has it been announced 9.Has it been announced when the planes are to when the planes are to take off?take off?飞机什么时候起飞飞机什么时候起飞播报了没播报了没有？有？（3 3）顺译或倒译，两者均可）顺译或倒译，两者均可10.It is common knowledge 10.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a that the whale is not a fish.fish.众所周知，鲸不是鱼。众所周知，鲸不是鱼。或：鲸不

34、是鱼，这是众所周或：鲸不是鱼，这是众所周知的。知的。（4 4）主从合译）主从合译11.11.It is probableIt is probable that he that he has got the clue for solving has got the clue for solving the problem.the problem.他很他很可能可能已找到解决这个问题的已找到解决这个问题的线索。线索。12.12.It seems It seems that that datum that that datum is quite convincing.is quite convinci

35、ng.这个数据这个数据似乎似乎很有说服力。很有说服力。It is advisable thatIt is advisable that 是可能的是可能的 It is desirable thatIt is desirable that 最好是最好是 It is evident thatIt is evident that 很明显（或显然）很明显（或显然）It is noteworthy thatIt is noteworthy that 值得注意的是值得注意的是 It is assumed that It is assumed that 假定假定It cannot be denied that

36、It cannot be denied that 无可否认的是无可否认的是It is preferred thatIt is preferred that 最好最好It is reported thatIt is reported that 据报道据报道It is said thatIt is said that 据说据说 It can be seen from this thatIt can be seen from this that 由此可见由此可见 It is well-known thatIt is well-known that 众所周知众所周知 It is a fact that

37、It is a fact that 事实上事实上 It is no wonder thatIt is no wonder that 难怪难怪II.II.表语从句的译法表语从句的译法A A翻译表语从句一般用顺翻译表语从句一般用顺译法译法13.This is what we are 13.This is what we are firmly against.firmly against.这是我们坚决反对的。这是我们坚决反对的。14.Things are not always 14.Things are not always as they seem to be.as they seem to be

38、.事物并不总是像表面上看来事物并不总是像表面上看来的那样。的那样。15.That is why we decided 15.That is why we decided to put the discussion off.to put the discussion off.这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原因。原因。B B有时可将主从句合译有时可将主从句合译16.There is no air and 16.There is no air and w a t e r o n t h e m o o n.w a t e r o n t h e m o o n.Thats whyT

39、hats why no living no living things can live there.things can live there.月球上没有空气和水。月球上没有空气和水。因此因此生物在月球上不能生存。生物在月球上不能生存。1717.That was how.That was how they they were defeated.were defeated.他们他们就是这样给就是这样给打败的。打败的。C C有时可用倒译有时可用倒译18.Raw material is18.Raw material is what what we are badly in need ofwe ar

40、e badly in need of.我们急需的我们急需的是原料。是原料。IIIIII宾语从句的译法宾语从句的译法A A英语的宾语从句有三种：翻英语的宾语从句有三种：翻译宾语从句一般都用顺译法译宾语从句一般都用顺译法19.I cant make out what 19.I cant make out what they are talking about.they are talking about.我不清楚他们在谈什么。我不清楚他们在谈什么。20.She reminded me that I 20.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend

41、that had a meeting to attend that evening.evening.她提醒我晚上要参加一个会议。她提醒我晚上要参加一个会议。21.He was not conscious of 21.He was not conscious of what an important discovery what an important discovery he had made.he had made.他没意识到他的这一发现多么重他没意识到他的这一发现多么重要。要。22.You may be sure that he 22.You may be sure that he is

42、 honest.is honest.你可以相信他是诚实的。你可以相信他是诚实的。23.We are certain that 23.We are certain that well be able to accomplish well be able to accomplish the designing in a short the designing in a short period of time.period of time.我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设计。计。B B介词宾语从句若位为位于介词宾语从句若位为位于句首，有时根据汉语习惯，句首，有时根据汉语习惯

43、，采用倒译法采用倒译法24.Did she say anything 24.Did she say anything aboutabout how the work was to how the work was to be donebe done?关于这项工作该怎么做关于这项工作该怎么做她说她说了什么没有？了什么没有？C C英语中有时用英语中有时用itit作形式宾作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在句末。语，而把宾语从句放在句末。译成汉语时，应将形式宾语译成汉语时，应将形式宾语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语省译，而宾语从句则按汉语表达习惯要么用倒译要么用表达习惯要么用倒译要么用顺译顺译25.We all

44、thought it a 25.We all thought it a pity pity that the conference that the conference s h o u l d h a v e b e e n s h o u l d h a v e b e e n cancelled.cancelled.会议取消了会议取消了，我们都感到遗，我们都感到遗憾。憾。26.The teacher made it 26.The teacher made it clear to the students clear to the students that they must hand

45、in that they must hand in their compositions by their compositions by Friday.Friday.老师给学生讲清楚了，老师给学生讲清楚了，必须必须在星期五以前交作文。在星期五以前交作文。IVIV同位语从句的译法同位语从句的译法 A A用顺译法将同位语从句用顺译法将同位语从句译为汉语的独立句，并根据译为汉语的独立句，并根据具体情况在前面加冒号、破具体情况在前面加冒号、破折号或加折号或加“即即”等表同位关等表同位关系的词系的词2727Then arose the Then arose the question question

46、where we were where we were to get the materials to get the materials neededneeded于是就产生了这样一个问于是就产生了这样一个问题：我们到哪里去找所需题：我们到哪里去找所需要的材料。要的材料。28.In July 1898,Madame 28.In July 1898,Madame Curie and her husband got a Curie and her husband got a great success great success that they that they discovered the

47、 radioactive discovered the radioactive element,polonium.element,polonium.18981898年年7 7月，居里夫人和她的丈月，居里夫人和她的丈夫获得了很大的成功夫获得了很大的成功他们发现他们发现了放射性元素钋。了放射性元素钋。29.29.The name“volcano”The name“volcano”indicates the belief of the indicates the belief of the ancient Greeks ancient Greeks that the that the b u r n

48、 i n g h i l l s o f t h e b u r n i n g h i l l s o f t h e Mediterranean were the Mediterranean were the w o r k s h o p s o f d i v i n e w o r k s h o p s o f d i v i n e blacksmith,Vulcan.blacksmith,Vulcan.“火山火山”这一名称表明古希腊人这一名称表明古希腊人的这一信念，的这一信念，即即地中海沿岸大燃地中海沿岸大燃烧着的上是锻冶之神烧着的上是锻冶之神“伍尔坎伍尔坎”的工场。的工场。3

49、0.30.Can you produce any Can you produce any evidence that he was evidence that he was not at home that night?not at home that night?你能不能提出证据，你能不能提出证据，证明证明那天夜里他不在家。那天夜里他不在家。B B用倒译法将同位语从用倒译法将同位语从句译为前置修饰语句译为前置修饰语 3 1.3 1.T h e r e w a s T h e r e w a s little probabilitylittle probability t h a t t h

50、e y w o u l d t h a t t h e y w o u l d succeed.succeed.他们成功的他们成功的可能性极小。可能性极小。32.32.Any proposals that Any proposals that J o h n s h o u l d b e J o h n s h o u l d b e d i s m i s s e dd i s m i s s e d m u s t b e m u s t b e resisted.resisted.必须抵制必须抵制将约翰开除的将约翰开除的任任何提议。何提议。C.C.用转换法将同位与从句转用转换法将同位与