上海名校高中自主招生英语语法专练（培优）（共16讲）含答案.docx

1、上海名校高中自主招生英语语法（培优）16讲第01讲：冠词与数词及主谓一致考点归纳、考前巩固、真题链接 v考点归纳一、冠词与数词1. 定冠词the:用于前面已说过的人或事，也可用于说话方、听话方都知道的共同指代事物前序数词、最高级、江河、山脉、群岛、特指事物(如定语从句)、独一无二的事物、报刊、乐器、某些专有名词前；用于某些名词前表抽象意义，如be pleased to the eye特指一家人、一类人: the Greens (此时将其视作复数对待), the poor, the disabled某些固定搭配，如the morethe more, pat sb. on the shoulder

2、, etc.2. 零冠词:go to school与go to the school / in class与in the class / at table与at the table / in front of与in the front of / take place与take the place of / the three of us与three of us等表示玩球时，球类名词前为零冠词；季节、月份、节假日、日期、星期、称呼、三餐等名词前为零冠词(注: 球类名词前可加the，如the ball over there)用于复数可数名词前表不定指；某些表示时间的词前为零冠词，如next wee

3、k, at night普通职称、头衔前一般零冠词，如President Kennedy 3. 不定冠词a与an:用于名字前，表示不确定的某人第一次提到某事物或表示一类事物前；用于某些单位前(ten miles an hour / pay by the hour)特殊结构，如many a / an；某些不可数名词具体化时，多需加a / an，如knowledge4. 注意某些情况下有无冠词的区别，如the doctor and the lawyer the doctor and lawyer5. 时间、数字、分数等的正确表达以及a hundred与hundreds of / unit six与t

4、he sixth unit6. 注意特殊的数词表达方式:two dozen (num.) eggs dozens (n.) of eggs (将dozen等词视作hundred解题)几十年代 in the + 数词复数，如in the 1990s (in the 1990s / in the nineteen nineties) 在某人的几十岁时in ones + 数词复数(整十数)二、主谓一致7. 一些名词: (斜杠分隔不同种类的名词，每一类名词仅举数例)a.police, people, youth, cattle, poultry + v. (plural)b.furniture, kn

5、owledge, clothing, luggage, baggage, vegetation, machinery + v. (single)c.clothes, trousers / glasses / belongings, savings, surroundings, sufferings, understandings / arms, goods, manners, suburbs, wages / the Olympic Games + v. (plural)d.politics, physics, mathematics, economics, electronics, the

6、United States + v. (single)e.time / distance / weight / money + v. (usually single) e.g. $5 is enough. Ten years have passed since he returned.f.sheep, fish, deer, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, series, works + v. (single or plural) e.g. The Chinese speak Chinese.g.family, group, class, team, cr

7、ew, staff, population, audience, committee, club, crowd, public, party, government + v. (single or plural)h.potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, Negroes, mosquitoes + v. (plural)8. 一些结构:正确理解“就近原则”，如题52a.not only but (also) / neither nor / either or / not but / whether or / there be (stand, lie, live, etc.) 就

8、近原则b.each, every + n. / neither, either + v. (single)c.both and / and 常用复数d.Tom, as well as his friends, is going to the bar. (but, except for, besides, along with, together with, in addition to, etc.) 可视作插入语9. 比较:2a.The worker and novelist is going to leave. The worker and the novelist are going to

9、 leave.b.More than one student likes bungee jump. Many a student likes it. Few like the film.c.30% of the apple is bad. 30% of the apples are bad. d.The rest of the water isnt fit to drink. The rest of the books are fit to read.e.Tom is one of the students who have been given the prizes. Tom is the

10、(only, very) one of the students who has been given the prizes.f.The rich / poor are singing. The dying boy is waiting. The good / evil is there.g.A pair of glasses is not expensive. His glasses are broken.h.What he wants are more books. What he wants is more money.i.A number of books are interestin

11、g. The number of the books is interesting.j.The remaining of the people are helping us. None of the books is / are interesting.k.All is silent. (物)万籁俱寂。(environment, sth.) All are silent. (人)鸦雀无声。(people, sb.)l.This kind of books sells well. Books of this kind sell well.10. 某些数词:a.a lot of / plenty

12、of + n. (C or U)+ v. (single or plural)b.some, any, every, no + -body, -one, -thing + v. (single) / all, some, any + n. (plural) + v. (plural)11. 注意:a.It is I that am right on the matter.b.That he bought some books yesterday is surprising.c.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.d.Doing a lot of

13、 exercises benefits us students.e.It was Tom & Jerry who I wanted to meet.f.of问题: This pair of shoes is great. / Most of the students are here.对应平衡结构: The audience have seats. “s”提示此处audience不指一个整体，故用haveg.what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most等的谓语单复数由指代词决定h.带all, most, half, part, rest, per

14、cent, one-third等词的名词词组由中心词决定谓语动词i.当并列主语指的是同一人、物或概念时，或and连接两个含有every, each, no的名词短语时，谓语动词用单数 v考前巩固I.Put in the, a, an or “/ (which means no article is needed)”. 1. Sam had worked thirty years for _ same company and now he had to retire. As _ sign of gratitude, _ company held _ dinner in his honor. “S

15、am,” announced _ boss, “it is my great honor to present _ gift to you on behalf of _ company.” Sam walked down to _ front of the table and accepted _ gift with _ pride. It was _ gold watch and on it was written “To faithful Sam for thirty years of service” Sam wept. “I am at _ loss for words.” At ho

16、me, Sams wife looked at _ gold watch critically. “For this you worked thirty years? _ cheap gold-plated watch?” “Its _ thought, dear,” answered Sam, “_ important thing is that I am not working anymore.” His wife held _ gold watch to her ear and said, “Neither is your watch.”2. Benita enjoys wearing

17、_ jewelry.3. They told me that they had _ respect for their employer.4. This is _ first time that the child has seen _ elephant.5. For many people, _ childhood was a happy time.6. It takes _ courage to begin a new life in _ strange country.7. She is wearing _ beautiful dress her mother bought her.8.

18、 I had _ trouble with _ car this morning.9. At home, Miles Davis will play _ piano every night.310. _ Olympic Games for 2008 were held in China.11. Children should be taught to behave themselves at _ table.12. If youre in a hurry, take _ taxi.13. He was sent to _ prison for stealing.14. My watch gai

19、ns twelve seconds _ day. (我的手表每天快12秒。)15. The Ching Dynasty in China (清王朝) was overthrown in _ autumn of 1911.16. _ sick have been cured, _ lost have been found, and _ dead have been revived.17. What on _ earth are you doing?18. He kicked me in _ belly (肚子).II.Complete the following sentences, writi

20、ng all the figures in words.1. Could you send me _ (1, 830本) copies of Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1995)?2. Alice counted the trees as she walked, and she stopped at _ (第100棵那里).3. In that city, _ (七分之一的在职妇女) have received higher education and itll take them _ (一刻钟时间) to have each cl

21、ass.4. Could you give me _ (三打鸡蛋) and _ (两公斤面粉).5. It is said that _ (一条八英寸的鱼) was caught in the lake.6. _ (20世纪60年代), most Chinese, regardless of sex, wore dark jackets and trousers.7. She looks _ (50刚出头); but in fact shes already _ (61岁了).8. _ (一千多本的小册子) have been given out.9. _ (在过去的几年里), _ (成百上千

22、的) new businesses have sprung up.III.Choose an acceptable verb form (a or b) from the two given in brackets.1. Their earnings (, ) to 500 dollars a week.2. The New York Times (is, are) published daily.3. The United Nations (was, were) formed in San Francisco in 1945.4. The government (is, are) doing

23、 its best to boost production.5. The football team (is, are) having baths and (is, are) then coming back here for tea.6. The poultry (is, are) kept in the backyard.7. Pancake and syrup (is, are) a tasty breakfast.8. Milking the cows, in addition to several other chores, (was, were) his responsibilit

24、y.9. Each men and each women there (is, are) asked to help.10. The tenth and the last chapter (was, were) translated by Bob.11. The number and diversity of British newspaper (is, are) considerate.12. An older man or a mature woman (is, are) needed for this job.13. The Stars and Stripes (is, are) the

25、ir national emblem.14. Either Trina or Maria (is, are) sure to know the answer.15. Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed, every hour of the day, (produces, produce) some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.16. Many a boy (was, were) disappointed after seeing th

26、e film.17. Two more dollars (is, are) missing from the till (收银机抽屉) this morning.18. A number of pages (is, are) highly priced.19. The number of pages assigned for daily reading (was, were) gradually increased to twelve.20. A total of 50, 000 new bicycles (was, were) registered in the year.21. The a

27、ctual total of the unemployed (is, are) believed to exceed 10, 000.22. Two-thirds of the people present (is, are) against the plan.23. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth (is, are) sea.24. These last three years (has, have) been full of surprise.25. The majority of the damage (is, are) easy to

28、 repair.426. The majority of criminals (is, are) young men.27. All of the fruit (looks, look) ripe.28. All (is, are) eager to leave now.29. Few of my family (understands, understand) me.30. These type of cars (is, are) inexpensive.31. The young (is, are) not always romantic.32. The beautiful (is, ar

29、e) not always the same as the good.33. Why he entered the house and how he managed to get out of it without being noticed by people (remains, remain) a mystery to us all.34. Watering the flowers and looking after the children (is, are) all I have to do every day.35. Shes the only one of these women

30、who (plays, play) bridge well.36. Its I who (am, is) to leave at once.37. Its me who (am, is) responsible for the organization.IV.Choose the best answer.1. Tim failed to remember the exact date of the storm, but he knew it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.A. /theB. a/C. /aD. the/2. The

31、 idea of traveling through _ space to other planets interests many people today.A. aB. theC. /D. one3. Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.A. /B. aC. oneD. the4. _ called just now, but he didnt mention his full name.A. Mr. GreenB. The Mr. GreenC. A Mr. GreenD. That Mr. Green5. I spent

32、 my last weekend with _.A. PalmersB. the PalmersC. the PalmersD. the Palmers6. One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain _ good knowledge of basic word formation.A. /B. theC. aD. one7. The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have _ third one because _ second one is rather too small.A. aaB

33、. thetheC. atheD. thea8. A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in _ leg.A. aB. oneC. theD. his9. His daughter is always shy in _ and she never dares to make a speech to _.A. the publicthe publicB. publicthe publicC. the publicpublicD. publicpublic10. Paper money was in _ use in China when Marc

34、o Polo visited the country in _ 13th century.A. the/B. thetheC. /theD. /11. _ policeman as he is, he has no right to do such things.A. /B. TheC. AD. One12. I know you dont like _ music very much. But what do you think of _ music in this film?A. /B. thetheC. the/D. /the13. The train is running 50 mil

35、es _.A. an hourB. one hourC. the hourD. a hour14. What on _ earth are you talking about?A. anB. theC. /D. a15. Their victory is _, for theyve lost too many men.5A. out of questionB. out of the questionC. out questionD. of question16. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different

36、kind unless they kill them for food.A. theaB. /aC. thetheD. /the17. As a rule, they are paid _.A. by an hourB. by the hourC. by hourD. by hours18. We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. thetheB. /theC. the/D. /19. They received _ of letters about thei

37、r magazine.A. dozenB. dozen and dozenC. scoreD. dozens20. _ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three-forthC. Three-fourthsD. Three-forths21. The Olympic Games _ held _.A. iseach four yearsB. areeach four yearC. isevery four yearD. areevery four years22. Mother asked me to buy several _ e

38、ggs for breakfast.A. dozenB. dozensC. dozen ofD. dozens of23. Large quantities of water _ for irrigation.A. is neededB. has neededC. are neededD. need24. The book is wonderful, especially _.A. a Third PartB. Part ThirdC. Part ThreeD. the Part Three25. Russia is _ in size.A. second to noneB. firstC.

39、second to noD. the first26. He will be back in _.A. three and a half a monthB. three months and halfC. three and a half monthsD. three and half a month27. Its about _ ride by car.A. a eighteen hoursB. a eighteen-hourC. an eighteen-hourD. an eighteen-hours28. When I look back on my past few years, I

40、found quite _ of mistakes.A. numberB. the numberC. a numberD. numbers29. Personally, I think it is the sales manager, rather than the sales girls, _ to blame.A. isB. that isC. areD. who are30. How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of the children.A. haveB. has

41、C. havingD. to have31. The sign on the door reads: “In case of _ fire, break the glass and push _ red button.”A. /aB. /theC. thetheD. aa32. There is _ “i” (I) in “happiness”, but no “y” (why) in it.A. aB. /C. anD. the主谓一致专题训练1 1. English, as well as Chinese, _ not easy to master.A. isB. areC. beingD

42、. both are2. His family _ rather big, with twelve people in all.6A. isB. areC. beingD. was3. Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing outB. is to hand outC. are handing outD. are to hand out4. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part i

43、n daily communication.A. is playingB. have playedC. are playingD. play5. Books of this kind _ well.A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold6. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.A. isB. areC. amD. be7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a

44、gift.A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered8. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. werewasB. waswasC. waswereD. werewere9. The audience _ so large that no seat was left occupied in the great hall.A. isB. areC. wasD. has10. Fiv

45、e multiplied by two _ ten.A. is equalB. equalsC. are equal toD. equal to11. The pair of shoes _ worn out.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. had been12. All but one _ here just now.A. isB. wasC. areD. were13. No one except Jack and Tom _ the answer.A. knowB. knowsC. is knowingD. are knowing14. Each of the students, working hard in his or her lessons, _ to go to university.A.