上海名校高中自主招生英语词汇专练（培优）（共5讲）含答案.docx

1、上海名校高中自主招生英语词汇专练（培优）（共5讲）第01讲： 名校高中自主招生词汇语篇填空专练 词汇语篇填空样题以及答案分析Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.词汇样题AA. shape B. encourage C. global D. trend E. extremeF. dramatically G. really H.

2、 squeeze I. nature J. harvestK. necessarilyThe world is facing an increasing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the _1_ population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20t

3、h century, when greater longevity (寿命) translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the rapidly expanding number of retirees will _2_ government budgets.But the concept of a sharp divi

4、sion between the working young and the idle old misses a new _3_: the growing gap between the skilled and unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, but older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most _4_ in America, where well-educated older people are putting

5、 off retirement while less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to _5_ people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the shrinking pension plans (养老金计划) means that eve

6、n the better-off peoplemust work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing _6_ of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to _7_ rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the

7、ir parents and grandparents. Technological change may well strengthen that shift: the skills that are mainly displayed in computers, from management to creativity, do not _8_ decline with age.This trend will benefit not just fortunate older people but also, in some ways, society as a whole. Growth w

8、ill slow less _9_ than expected: government budgets will be in better _10_, as higher earners pay taxes for longer. Rich countries with lots of well-educated older people will find the burden of ageing easier to bear than places like India, where half of all 55-to-64-year-olds did not complete prima

9、ry-school education.答案分析1. 答案为C。名词population前的空格应填形容词，作定语。形容词global意为“世界的”句子译文：未来20年，世界65岁以上的老年人口几乎要翻一番，从6亿增至11亿。2. 答案为H。will加动词原形构成一般将来时，空格应填动词。动词squeeze意为“挤压”。句子译文：20世纪人类的寿命延长了，从而延长了退休岁月，并不是工作年限，许多观察家认为这个变化将导致经济增速放缓，与此同时，退休人口迅速膨胀还将挤压政府预算。3. 答案为D。形容词new修饰名词，空格应填名词。名词trend意为“趋势”。句子译文：但是，人们的观念常常将忙碌的青

10、年和休闲的老年人作截然划分，却无视一个新趋势：拥有技能者和缺乏技能者之间日益扩大的差距。4. 答案为E。most修饰形容词，构成形容词最高级，空格应填形容词。形容词extreme意为“极端的”。句子译文：在美国两极分化特别明显，受过良好教育的老年人一再延迟退休，缺乏技能的青壮年却早早退出职场。5. 答案为B。used to do sth，空格应填动词原形，构成动词不定式。动词encourage意为“鼓励”。句子译文：许多欧洲国家的政府放弃了原先鼓励人们提早退休的策。6. 答案为I。现在分词changing作定语修饰名词，空格应填名词。名词nature意为“性质”。句子译文：但是，不断变化的工作

11、性质也起着很大作用。7. 答案为J。continue to do sth，空格应填动词原形，构成动词不定式。动词harvest意为“收获”。句子译文：受过高等教育人群的薪资迅速增长，即使进入老年依然收入颇丰，因为现在受过良好教育的老年人创造的效益远高于他们的父祖辈。8. 答案为K。副词修饰动词decline，作状语，空格应填副词。副词necessarily意为“一定地”。句子译文：科技革新使转型更加巩固：主要在企业管理和科技创新领域得以展现的计算机能力并不一定随年纪变老而退步。9. 答案为F。less修饰副词，构成副词比较级，修饰动词slow，空格应填副词。副词 dramatically意为“

12、急剧地”。句子译文：经济增长不会如预期的那样急速放缓。 10. 答案为A。better，形容词比较级，修饰名词；be in sth，介词in后接名词，空格应填名词。名词shape意为“形态；状况”。句子译文：随着高收入者纳税年限延长，政府预算状况将更趋良好。词汇样题BA. tragic B. heroic C. universal D. desire E. senseF. zones G. end H. means I. conditions J. fascinationK. familiarWhat is it about the wreck of the R. M. S. Titanic?

13、 Why, a century later, do people still spend so much brainpower and technological _1_ upon this graveyard of metal more than two miles beneath the ocean surface? Why, like Pearl Harbor, ground zero, and only a few other disaster _2_, does it make such a magnetic impact on our imagination?For some Ti

14、tanics destruction lies at the heart of its attraction. This has always been a sensational story: A ship so strong and so grand, sinking in water so cold and so deep. For others the Titanics _3_ begins and ends with the people on board. It took two hours and 40 minutes for the Titanic to sink, just

15、long enough for 2,208 _4_ performances to unfold, with the ships lights flooding. One man is said to have made for the lifeboats dressed in womens clothing, but most people were honorable, many _5_. The captain stayed at the bridge, the band played on, the Marconi wireless radio operators continued

16、sending their distress signal (求救信号) until the very _6_. How they lived their final moments is the stuff of _7_ interest, a dance of death that never ends.But something else, beyond human lives, went down with the Titanic: An illusion (幻想) of orderliness, a faith in technological progress, a(n) _8_

17、for the future that, as Europe drifted toward full-scale war, was soon replaced by fears and worries all too _9_ to our modern worlds. “The titanic disaster was the bursting of a bubble,” explorer and filmmaker James Cameron said. “There was such a(n)_10_ of bounty (慷慨赠予) in the first decade of the

18、20th century. Elevators! Automobiles! Airplanes! Wireless radio! Everything seemed so wondrous, on an endless upward rise. Then it all came crashing down.”(From National Geographic, April 2012, p. 88)答案分析 1. 答案为H。spend sth on/upon sth，动词spend后接名词，作宾语。形容词technological修饰作宾语的名词，空格应填名词。名词means意为“方法；手段”。

19、句 子译文：为何整整一个世纪之后人们仍然将如此巨大的智力和科技资源投入2英里深的海底金属坟场?2. 答案为F。名词disaster作定语修饰名词，空格应填名词。名词zones意为“区域”。句子译文：为何泰坦尼克号以及珍珠港、世贸大厦遗址等极少数重灾发生地对我们的想象力产生如此刻骨铭心的影响？3. 答案为J。the Titanics，名词所有格修饰名词，空格应填名词。名词fascination意为“魅力”；动人心魄。句子译文：对于其他人，惊心动魄的是泰坦尼克号与船上的人们同时开始同时结束的下沉过程。4. 答案为A。形容词修饰名词performances，作定语，空格应填形容词。形容词tragic

20、意为“悲惨的”。符合题意。形容词heroic意为勇敢无畏的。并不是每个乘客和船员都有勇敢无畏的表现。此词不合题意。句子译文：2小时40分钟，泰坦尼克号完全沉没，这么长一段时间足以让2208名乘客和船员参演的悲剧在轮船泛光灯映照下渐次展开。5. 答案为B。空格应填形容词，作表语。形容词heroic意为“勇敢无畏的”。 but most people were honorable, many heroic. 是省略句。完整的句子是： but most people were honorable and many people were heroic. 句子译文：据说有一男子裹着女人衣服跑向救生艇，

21、但是多数人品格高尚，许多人勇敢无畏。6. 答案为G。介词until后接名词，形容词very意为“正是的”，修饰名词，空格应填名词。名词end意为“终结”。句子译文：船长镇守驾驶舱，乐队仍在演奏，马可尼式无线电发报机的发报员不停地发出求救信号，直至那最后时刻。7. 答案为C。形容词作定语，修饰名词interest，空格应填形容词。形容词universal意为“普遍的”。句子译文：他的最后时到是一场无体止的死亡之舞，引起世人普遍关注。8. 答案为D。不定冠词a后接名词，空格应填名词。名词desire意为“愿望”。9. 答案为K。空格填形容词。形容词familiar意为“熟悉的”。all too =

22、 much to 意为“太”。all to familiar tour modern world作后置定语，修饰名词fears and worries。句子译文：随泰坦尼克号一起下沉的，除了人的生命，还有对秩序的幻想、对科技进步的信念、对未来的展望，这一切，又随欧洲滑向全面战争，很快被现代世界再熟悉不过的恐惧和焦虑情绪所取代。10. 答案为E。不定冠词a后接名词，空格应填名词。名词sense意为“感觉”。句子译文：20世纪头10年，世人有一种万物皆备于我的感觉。词汇样题CA. extraordinary B. unique C. extended D. dotted E. accusedF.

23、natives G. reforms H. runs I. seeks J. confuses K. easyEvery city has a rhythm, a pulse that makes it move. In Shanghai, one of the fastest growing cities in the world, its _1_ to get lost in the continuous thunder of jackhammers and pile drivers, bulldozers and building cranes. The increasing skysc

24、rapers and construction sites are part of a shocking revolution that Shanghai will show off as host of Expo 2010, which _2_ from May through October. The rise of Chinas only truly global city, however, is driven not by machines but by an urban culture that follows its own beat accepting the new and

25、the foreign even as it _3_ to regain its past glory.Shanghai _4_ form an urban tribe, set apart from the rest of China by language, customs, architecture, food, and attitudes. Their culture, often called haipai (Shanghai style), emerged from the citys _5_ history as a meeting point of foreign mercha

26、nts and Chinese migrants. But over the years it has become a hybrid (混合体) that _6_ the very idea of East and West. “In foreigners eyes Shanghai is part of mysterious China,” says Zhou Libo, a local comedian. “In the eyes of other Chinese, Shanghai is part of the outside wofid.” Shen Hongfei, one of

27、Shanghais leading cultural critics, also points out, “Weve always been _7_ of worshipping foreigners, but taking foreign ideas and making them our own made us the most advanced place in China.”When Chinas economic _8_ began in the 1980s, Shanghais moment arrived. Fueled by years of growth faster tha

28、n Chinas as a whole and a culture now dealing comfortably with the outside world the city is eager to recapture the glories of the past. Twenty years ago the European buildings on the Bund (外滩) stared across the Huangpu River at low-lying farmland _9_ by factories; today many skyscrapers have sprung

29、 up on that same land, including the 101-story World Financial Center. Altogether, the city has added more than 4,000 high-rises. For a place once dominated by bicycles, the most _10_ sight may be horizontal: nearly 1,500 miles of roads in and around Shanghai that did not exist a decade ago.答案分析1. 答

30、案为K。空格填形容词easy，意为“容易的”。Its easy to get lost 形容词easy 作be动词的表语。句子译文：上海是世界上发展最快的城市之一，人们很容易在风钻、打桩机、推土机、起重机持续不断的轰鸣声中迷路。2. 答案为H。关系代词which引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，后接谓语动词，空格应填动词。动词runs意为“延续”。句子译文：越来越多的摩天大楼和建筑工地是上海震惊世界的巨变的一部分，作为从5月开馆至10月的2010年世博会的主办城市，上海将向世界展示这一巨变。3. 答案为I。代词it作主语，后接谓语动词，空格应填动词seeks。seek to do sth意为“试图

31、、设法做某事”。句子译文：然而，中国唯一真正的全球城市振兴的驱动力，不是(工地上的)机器，而是一种城市文化。上海的城市文化走自己的路子：力图拾回昔日荣耀的同时，欣然接纳外来的新事物、新思潮。4. 答案为F。空格填名词natives，意为“当地人”。Shanghai natives上海人。句子译文：上海人形成的城市族群在语言、习俗、建筑、饮食和思想观念上与中国其他地方迥然相异。5. 答案为B。形容词作定语，修饰名词history，空格应填形容词。形容词unique意为“特有的”。句子译文：上海是外国商人和内地移民的交汇点，常被称为海派（上海风格）的城市文化在特有的城市历史中逐渐形成。6. 答案为

32、J。关系代词that引导定语从句，在从句中作主语，后接谓语动词，空格应填动词。动词confuses意为“使混合”。句子译文：但是多年以来，海派文化已然成为融汇东西方思想的混合体。7. 答案为E。have been done，现在完成时被动态，空格应填过去分词accused。be accused of sth意为“被指责”。句子译文：我们老是被人指责崇洋媚外，但是，吸收外来思想，把它们溶化在我们的文化里，使上海成为中国最先进的地方。8. 答案为G。形容词economic作定语，修饰名词，空格应填名词。名词reforms意为“改革”。句子译文：20世纪80年代中国开始经济改革，上海的机遇到来了。9

33、. 答案为D。动词dot意为“点缀；遍布”。空格应填过去分词dotted，作后置定语修饰名词farmland。句子译文：20年前，外滩沿岸欧式建筑与黄浦江对岸间或有厂房隐显的平坦的农田遥遥相望。10.答案为A。形容词作定语，修饰名词sight，空格应填形容词。形容词extraordinary意为“惊人的”。句子译文：曾经满大街跑自行车的地面上最叹为观止的景象应该是，上海及周边地区10年前还是一片空白的地方铺设了近1500英里的道路。实战演练：（1）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.

34、Each word can only be used once. Note that there is on word more than you need.A. launched B. unpleasant C. applying D. technically E. impactF. coating G. fixed H. miraculously I. superior J. advancesHow would you like to wear the same underwear (内衣裤) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into

35、developing intelligent materials, this may not be as 41 as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide 42 resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.The creation of self-cleaning clothes pro

36、vides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “lotus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost 43 clean. By observing nature, scientists

37、 are 44 the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been 45 . Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special 46 on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but

38、 also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been 47 to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramati

39、c 48 will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger 49 on our lives.41. _ 42. _ 43. _ 44. _ 45. _ 46. _ 47. _ 48. _ 49. _（2）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the w

40、ords in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is on word more than you need.A. populationB. speciallyC. wealthD. scientific E. debtF. knowledgeG. survived H. likely I. agricultural J. developedFor most of human history, humans hunted animals and gathered wild food such as fruit,

41、seeds and nuts in order to survive. It was not until the 41 revolution 10,000 years ago, which is quite recent in terms of world history, that we began to grow enough food to live on. Family groups 42 and grew by choosing to work together, and the social structure of our modem society developed.Over

42、 several thousand years, people began to plant crops and raise animals for their meat and skin. Later they began to use them to help with farm work. Villages grew larger and the 43 increased. This process continued until around 400 years ago when 44 and industrial revolutions began.By using scientif

43、ic methods in agriculture, people were able to grow more food. New types of plants were grown and existing ones were 45 _ to grow more food. Using fertilizer made crops grow faster and stronger. Crops were developed which could survive against pests. Animals were 46 bred to give more meat and more m

44、ilk. More and better food, as well as developments in medical 47, meant people were healthier and lived longer.The problem is, the increased 48 of large parts of the world has resulted in many difficulties despite improvements in living standards for many people. One of the questions is. how to divi

45、de the worlds wealth more evenly. While many countries produce more food than they can use. others, for example in Africa, are in 49 and cannot support their population.41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. （3）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only

46、 be used once. Note that there is on word more than you need.A. primarily B. similar C. considerately D. connection E. instructedF. series G. personal H. served I. defined J. environmentIn a study of the university of Minnesota, twins (some raised together and others who had grown up apart) were tes

47、ted for a wide range of personality traits (特征)In terms of happiness 41 as the ability to enjoy lifetwins who are separated soon after birth were much less alike than twins raised togetherBut when it comes to unhappiness, the twins raised apartsome without contact for as long as 64 yearswere as 42 as those who had grown up together.Why is