TCI技术及临床应用课件.ppt
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- TCI 技术 临床 应用 课件
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1、靶靶Target Controlled Infusion(TCI),即靶即靶控输注控输注,是一种输注系统是一种输注系统,以药代动力学和药效动力学为以药代动力学和药效动力学为基础,基础,容许麻醉医生按不同容许麻醉医生按不同需要选择所要求的靶需要选择所要求的靶血药浓度,并通过血药浓度,并通过调整靶浓度来控制麻醉的深浅调整靶浓度来控制麻醉的深浅, ,以满足临床麻醉的一种静脉给药输注系统。以满足临床麻醉的一种静脉给药输注系统。Instead of calculating doses in mg/kg/h . the anaesthetist enters:Body weight of the pati
2、entAge of the patientRequired blood concentration of drug(= target blood concentration in g/ml)What does TCI involve?Microprocessor (= computer) manages the infusion pump Pharmacokinetics a validated model with specific parameters for drug Algorithm(s) to control infusion rate “Control unit” i.e. so
3、ftware and microprocessors for above Infusion pump “Communication” system between “control unit” andinfusion pump User interface for input of patient data and target bloodconcentrationKey components of any TCI systemBasic software and hardwareTCI只是协助麻醉医师维持满意麻醉深度只是协助麻醉医师维持满意麻醉深度的一个非常有用的工具,不能完全靠的一个非常有
4、用的工具,不能完全靠TCI进行麻醉,麻醉深度的调节还得依靠麻进行麻醉,麻醉深度的调节还得依靠麻醉医师醉医师吸入麻醉药物为吸入麻醉药物为7 7或或1111房室模型,使麻醉诱房室模型,使麻醉诱导和苏醒时间难以预测;而静脉麻醉药物导和苏醒时间难以预测;而静脉麻醉药物如丙泊酚为典型的如丙泊酚为典型的3 3房室模型,房室模型,t t1/21/2明确,明确,麻醉诱导和苏醒时间可较准确的估计麻醉诱导和苏醒时间可较准确的估计TCI由微量泵自动给药,减轻了麻醉医师的由微量泵自动给药,减轻了麻醉医师的劳动强度劳动强度选择选择TCI的一个重要原因在于什么是理想的的一个重要原因在于什么是理想的麻醉药物麻醉药物1.1.
5、起效迅速、作用安全,要求一个臂起效迅速、作用安全,要求一个臂脑循环时脑循环时间就能起效间就能起效, , 与其他药物无相互作用,且对注与其他药物无相互作用,且对注射部位无损害射部位无损害2.2.对重要生理机能及保护性反射干扰较小对重要生理机能及保护性反射干扰较小3.3.应具备镇痛效应应具备镇痛效应4.4.应具备肌肉松弛特性应具备肌肉松弛特性5.5.使用中安全可靠,闲置时无污染、无燃烧、无使用中安全可靠,闲置时无污染、无燃烧、无爆炸,对人体无过敏性、不致吐、无心律不齐爆炸,对人体无过敏性、不致吐、无心律不齐及颅内压增高等副作用及颅内压增高等副作用6.6.舒适的清醒过程及迅速完全的恢复,代舒适的清醒
6、过程及迅速完全的恢复,代谢产物中性化及迅速排泄等谢产物中性化及迅速排泄等 目前尚无一种麻醉药物是理想的麻醉药目前尚无一种麻醉药物是理想的麻醉药物,但丙泊酚最接近,尤其是在合用短物,但丙泊酚最接近,尤其是在合用短效阿片类药物如瑞米芬太尼的情况下效阿片类药物如瑞米芬太尼的情况下丙泊酚符合理想麻醉药要求的第丙泊酚符合理想麻醉药要求的第1 1、2 2、4 4和和6 6条,如果如瑞米芬太尼合用则符合第条,如果如瑞米芬太尼合用则符合第3 3条条吸入麻醉药物除符合第吸入麻醉药物除符合第3 3和和4 4条外,不符条外,不符合其他条合其他条因此,只有丙泊酚适合用因此,只有丙泊酚适合用TCITCI而非吸入麻而非吸
7、入麻醉药醉药方便使用:方便使用: 操作简便操作简便 易于控制麻醉深度易于控制麻醉深度 显示血药浓度显示血药浓度 补偿输注补偿输注 免除用量计算免除用量计算 从诱导至苏醒连续输注从诱导至苏醒连续输注麻醉维持麻醉维持: : 麻醉深度控制佳麻醉深度控制佳 麻醉平稳麻醉平稳 心血管和呼吸参数易于控制心血管和呼吸参数易于控制 诱导效果可用于估计维持效果诱导效果可用于估计维持效果Pharmacokinetic properties of Diprivan (propofol)Open, three-compartment modelEffect compartmentCentral compartment
8、 1V1Eliminationk10k12k21Second compartment2k13k31Third compartment3keoDrug equilibrates betweenand within compartmentsIntravenous infusionk1e容量药量药量血药浓度血药浓度药量容量PlasmaClearing OrganClearance = Flow of plasma completely cleared of drug半衰期为药物浓度降低半衰期为药物浓度降低50%50%所需要的时间所需要的时间VolumeClearancePharmacokinetic
9、 parameters for Diprivan (propofol)Incorporated in Diprifusor TCI Software*V1Volume of central compartment228 ml kg1Elimination rate constant from thecentral compartmentk100.119 min1111Intercompartmental distribution rate constants0.114 min0.055 min0.0419 mink12k21k13k310.0033 min11* University of G
10、lasgowke00.26 minElimination rate constant from theeffect compartment诱导质量诱导质量 平稳、快速、可靠平稳、快速、可靠维持质量维持质量 平稳、易于控制麻醉深度、血流动平稳、易于控制麻醉深度、血流动 力学稳定力学稳定苏醒质量苏醒质量 快速、完善快速、完善苏醒早期苏醒早期 快速、时间可预测快速、时间可预测苏醒中期苏醒中期 意识恢复快且完善、出院早意识恢复快且完善、出院早苏醒晚期苏醒晚期 完全恢复至术活动前水平、极少完全恢复至术活动前水平、极少PONVPONVLow frequency of adverse events with
11、 DiprivanUSA survey of 25,000 patientsn = 25,8912%4%6%8%10%12%Percentage of patientsTotal with reportof adverse event10.8%McLeskey CH et al. 1993Pain on injectionNausea and/or vomitingExcitementHypotensionBradycardiaPainHypertension0.30.30.41.11.31.95.2Continued.n = 25,8912%4%6%8%10%12%Percentage of
12、 patientsTotal with reportof adverse eventRashConfusionCoughingSomnolenceLight or delayedanaesthesiaTachycardiaLaryngismus0.10.10.20.20.20.20.2Low frequency of adverse events with DiprivanUSA survey of 25,000 patientsMcLeskey CH et al. 1993continuation10.8%Titrate against the response of the patient
13、 in order to achieve the depth of anaesthesia required In adults (under 55 years of age) usually 4 to 8 g/ml In premedicated patients initial target 4 g/ml In unpremedicated patients initial target 6 g/ml Induction time with these targets is generally within the range of 60 to 120 seconds A lower in
14、itial target should be used in patients: over the age of about 55 years ASA grades III or IVTarget concentration and induction timeGuidance based on results of Diprifusor TCI clinical trial programmeConsult full, local prescribing informationQuality of induction with Diprifusor TCIUK study of mainly
15、 ASA grade I or II patientsGood 74.7%Adequate22.8%Good 72.5%Adequate22.5%Poor 2.5%n = 79n = 80Poor 5.0%Diprifusor TCIManual controlPercentage of patientsHutton P et al. 1995The initial infusion rate was higher with Diprifusor TCI (1,200 ml/h) than with manual control(600 ml/h). The mean dose of Dipr
16、ivan administered at the time of insertion of the laryngeal maskair way was significantly higher (p 0.05) with Diprifusor TCI (201 mg) than with manual control (160 mg)Quality of maintenance with Diprifusor TCIUK study of mainly ASA grade I or II patientsDiprifusor TCIManual controlPercentage of pat
17、ients (assessed by observer)Good 77.6%Adequate22.4%Good 68.7%Adequate27.5%Poor 0%n = 76n = 80Poor 3.8%Hutton P et al. 1995The initial infusion rate was higher with Diprifusor TCI (1,200 ml/h) than with manual control(600 ml/h). The mean dose of Diprivan administered at the time of insertion of the l
18、aryngeal maskair way was significantly higher (p 0.05) with Diprifusor TCI (201 mg) than with manual control (160 mg)Movement in response to initial surgical incisionUK study of mainly ASA grade I or II patients10%20%30%Manualcontroln = 80Percentage of patientsDiprifusor TCIn = 7628.8%19.7%NS p = 0.
19、19Russell D et al. 1995The mean overall infusion rate during maintenance was significantly greater (p = 0.001) in theDiprifusor TCI group (13.2 mg/kg/h) than in the manual control group (8.2 mg/kg/h)Movement during the remainder of maintenance periodExcluding initial surgical incision in UK study10%
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