肺癌与肺结核的影像学诊断课件.ppt
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- 关 键 词:
- 肺癌 肺结核 影像 诊断 课件
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1、肺癌分类肺癌分类wLung cancer, bronchogenic carcinomaw病理分型:鳞、小、腺、大病理分型:鳞、小、腺、大w临床分型:中央型、周围型、纵隔临床分型:中央型、周围型、纵隔型型Squamous cell Caw30-40%,generally central (70% hilar or perihilar in subsegmental or larger bronchi)wstrong association with cigarette smokingwabout 15% bronchogenic carcinomas are cavitary, and of
2、these, nearly 60% are squamous cell lesions, wall typically thick and nodular wintralumenal growth pattern- often resulting in distal atelectasis or post-obstructive pneumonitis (a non-infectious process). wthe lowest frequency of distant metastases, spreads to involve local nodes by direct extensio
3、nwthe most favorable prognosis wHypertrophic osteoarthropathy adenocarcinomawas common as squamous cell carcinoma (30-40%). wgenerally peripheral (75%)wuncommonly cavitate wcommonly metastasizes early to lymph nodes, the pleura, adrenal glands, CNS, and bone. Small cell Caw15-20% of primary lung mal
4、ignancies wthe strongest association with cigarette smokingwthe most likely to produce ectopic hormones- most commonly resulting in Cushings syndrome (ACTH) or syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)wgenerally central (85-90% within a lobar or mainstem bronchi) and has a tendency to i
5、nvade longitudinally along the bronchial wall, in a submucosal and intramural fashion wInternal necrosis is common, but cavitation is extremely rarewthe worst prognosis, despite typically good response to initial chemotherapy Large Cell Ca wonly 5-10%wstrongly associated with cigarette smokingwtypic
6、ally peripheral and generally large (over 4 to 6 cm), with rapid growth, early metastases, and a poor prognosisPancoast tumorw apical density (superior pulmonary sulcus) w destruction or adjacent rib or vertebra w Horners syndrome w pain in arm w usually bronchogenic Ca (squamous type) w also: mets,
7、 malignant neurogenic tumor 影像诊断影像诊断w 目的:明确诊断,目的:明确诊断,TNM分期分期w 手段:手段:X线平片、线平片、CT、MRI、PET等等T1: A tumor less than or equal to 3 cm in greatest dimension, surrounded by lung or visceral pleura, without bronchoscopic evidence of invasion more proximal than the lobar bronchus (i.e., not in the main bronc
8、hus).TUMORT2: A tumor with any of the following features:i) Larger than 3 cm in largest dimensionii) Associated with atelectasis or post-obstructive pneumonitis that extends to the hilar region, but does not involve the entire lungiii) Invades the visceral pleuraT3: A tumor of any size that directly
9、 invades any of the following: the chest wall (including superior sulcus tumors), diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, parietal pericardium; or tumor in the main bronchus less than 2 cm distal to the carina (but without involvement of the carina); or tumor associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumo
10、nitis of the entire lung.T4: A tumor of any size that invades any of the following: mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, carina; or any tumor with a malignant pleural or pericardial effusion; or with satellite tumor nodules within the ipsilateral primary-tumor lobe
11、of the lung. Regional Lymph Node Status (N) N1: Ipsilateral peribronchial or hilar nodal metastases; or intrapulmonary nodes involved by direct extension of the primary tumor. All N1 nodes lie distal to the mediastinal pleural reflection. N2: Ipsilateral mediastinal and subcarinal lymph nodal metast
12、ases. Midline pre-vascular and retrotracheal nodes are considered ipsilateral 5, while nodes to the contralateral side of midline are considered N3 N3: Contralateral mediastinal or contralateral hilar nodal metastases; also includes ipsilateral or contralateral scalene or supraclavicular nodes. Othe
13、r cervical nodes are classified M1 Distant Metastasis (M)M0: No distant metastasis M1: Distant metastasis present; or separate tumor nodules in the ipsilateral nonprimary-tumor lobes of the lung. Separate tumor nodules in the contralateral lung are considered M1 if they are of the same histologic ce
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