2022年英语中考阅读理解-命题点3　词义猜测(高频).docx

1、中考阅读理解命题点分类集训命题点3词义猜测(高频)方法1根据上下文语境猜测词义Paragraph 1(2019陕西阅读D节选)Selfhelp books used to be something people laughed at. Many people didnt take chicken soup stories and “successtheory(成功学)” books seriously. But now they arerecognized by young people.No matter why there is growing interest in selfhelp b

2、ooks, its good to know that help is at hand if we need it. But are these books truly helpful? Read one and find out.1. The underlined word “recognized” means _ in the passage.A. doubted B. refused C. accepted D. avoidedParagraph 2(2019安徽阅读D节选)While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about

3、 2% is fresh waterthat comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas and oceans. It is too salty to drink. Then desalination businesses come in. More than 19，000 factories have been built around the world, mostly in coastal countries. They process(加工) more than 92 mi

4、llion tons of water every day. But the technology they use requires a lot of energy.2. What does the underlined word “desalination” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. 远洋运输 B. 潮汐发电 C. 食盐销售 D. 海水淡化Paragraph 3(2019河北阅读D节选)The pen is very utilitarian. We cannot sign a bill or write a letter or buy a house without o

5、ur pen. An agreement is worthless till our name is written with a pen. The writers encourage the world with it. The students take their examinations with it as well.3. The underlined word “utilitarian” in the passage means “_”A. cheap B. boring C. special D. usefulParagraph 4(2019重庆A卷阅读D节选)Shout lou

6、dly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack,_turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say “stop” before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesnt stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whos

7、e office is nearby.4. The underlined word “attack” in Paragraph 3 means “_” in Chinese.A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引Paragraph 5(2019天津阅读C节选).over half the people in the world may be sleepdeprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. 5What does “sleepdeprived” mean

8、 in Paragraph 2?A. Having a good sleep. B. Excited about sleep.C. Having less sleep. D. Interested in sleep.方法2通过定义或释义关系猜测词义Paragraph 6(2019德州阅读A节选)Winter begins on the shortest day of the year. In the north this is on December 21 or 22. The weather is colder and in some places there is lots of snow

9、. Plants and trees stop growing. Some animals, like bats and bears, find places to hide and sleep. This is called hibernation6. The meaning of the underlined word “hibernation” is _ in Chinese.A. 迁徙 B. 寒冷 C. 储藏 D. 冬眠Paragraph 7(2019贵阳阅读A节选)In most countries in Europe people expect a lot of eye conta

10、ct when you talk to them, but in many Asian countries a lot of eye contact seems unfriendly. And in South America people usually stand quite close to each other when they talk, but in countries like the USA you need to give people more personal space. Also, its rude to interrupt Japanese people whil

11、e they are talking to you. In other words, you must wait until they finish before you start speaking.7. What does the underlined word “interrupt” mean in Chinese?A. 跟随 B. 打断 C. 附和 D. 嘲笑Paragraph 8(2019贺州阅读C节选)Do not meet a person you have just met on the Internet. Consult elder people or someone who

12、 is experienced and if you have to go, take some reliable with you. That is to say, you can go with a person who you really believe in.8. The underlined word “reliable” is closest in meaning to _A. believable B. important C. honest D. successful方法3通过同义词或近义词猜测词义Paragraph 9(2019广东省卷阅读B节选)Intelligence

13、A robot needs some kind of “smarts”. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.9. The Chinese meaning of “Intelligence” in the last paragraph is _A. 能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观Paragraph 10(

14、2019兰州阅读C节选)Local people cleaned the mountain last year, removing rubbish at a height of 5，200 meters. They collected about 8.4 metric tons(公吨) of rubbish.10. The underlined word “removing” in Paragraph 3 probably means _A. using up B. making betterC. putting on D. taking away方法4通过反义词或反义关系猜测词义Paragr

15、aph 11(2019连云港阅读D节选)Scientists arent exactly sure what causes the brain freeze when we eat ice cream or other supercold foods too quickly, though some believe its the result of changed blood flow in the nervous system. Blood vessels in the head tighten to stop the loss of body heat and then relax to

16、 let blood flow rise; that sudden rush of blood is what causes the headache. You can improve an icecream headache by rapidly rubbing your tongue across the roof of your mouth to help warm up things.11. What is the meaning of the underlined word tighten?A. 变松 B. 变紧 C. 变短 D. 变长Paragraph 12(2019台州阅读C节选

17、)Alexa isnt the only AI willing to serve you. Apple HomePod has Siri and the upcoming Galaxy Home device will have Bixby. People who have these devices use them mainly for listening to music, checking the weather, and setting timers. According to a report from TheInformation, nowadays voice shopping

18、 is rare. But many scientists predict a boom(增长) in voice shopping in the near future. Is that a good thing?12. The underlined word “rare” in Paragraph 2 probably means _A. unusual B. expensive C. harmful D. impossible方法5通过举例猜测词义Paragraph 13(2019怀化阅读C节选)Stay away from people with fluIf a member of t

19、he family or a friend has flu, stay away from him/her until he/she is well. Flu is very communicable. If you stay with the person with flu, you can catch flu easily. Wear a mask(口罩)and avoid using things that the person with flu is using.13. The underlined word “communicable ”means“_”A. 无效的 B. 致命的 C

20、. 传染的Paragraph 14(2019宁夏阅读B节选)The date of the festival is said to be the date when Qu Yuan diedthe fifth day of the fifth lunar month, so the date varies from year to year, such as it is June 20 in 2015, June 9 in 2016, May 30 in 2017, June 18 in 2018, June 7 in 2019, June 25 in 2020 and June 14 in

21、2021.14. The underlined word “varies” in the passage means “_” in Chinese.A. 推迟 B. 变化 C. 提前 D. 递进方法6通过构词法猜测词义Paragraph 15(2019福建阅读D节选)Have you ever heard the phrase “You never get a second chance to make a first impression(印象)”？ It may sound like an unusual piece of advice, but it is truethe first i

22、mpression someone has of you when meeting you for the first time will probably influence how that person treats you or reacts to you in the future.15. What does the underlined word “reacts” in Paragraph 1 probably mean in Chinese?A. 回应 B. 道歉 C. 报告 D. 建议Paragraph 16(2019梧州阅读D节选)Stress is caused whene

23、ver there is a problem or a change in your life. In fact, stress is necessary. Without stress, we would never learn anything or grow or change. But too much stress can hurt you. It can weaken your bodys protection so that you are more likely (可能的) to catch diseases. It can even make you more likely

24、to have an accident.16. What does the underlined word “weaken” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?A. 增强 B. 保护 C. 减弱 D. 预防方法7通过生活常识猜测词义Paragraph 17(2019潍坊阅读B节选)But Adams believed that people in hospital need more than medicine. He saw unhappy and lonely people, and he tried to help them as patients, but

25、as people, too. He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital, and often put a special red nose on his face to look like a clown and to make the children laugh.17. What does the underlined word “clown” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. 木偶 B. 小丑 C. 外星人 D. 蜘蛛侠Paragraph 18(2019邵阳阅读B节选)A woman bought a parrot from a pet store. However, the woman decided to return the parrot to the shop the next day.“This bird doesnt talk，” she told the pet shop owner.18. The underlined word “parrot” in paragraph 1 means “_” in Chinese.A. 孔雀 B. 鹦鹉 C. 鸽子