非谓语动词之难点分词分析课件.ppt

1、1.Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _(seat)until the plane has come to _ complete stop. 2._(Tell) many times, he finally understood the complicated problem.3. When I visited my old house in the countryside, memory came _(flood) back. 4. I could not do my homework with all that noise _(go) on. 5. I

2、t is necessary to be _(prepare) for the interview, and _(have) the answer ready will of great help. seated a Having been told flooding going prepared having 1现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性；过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。现在分词表示“令人的”，过去分词表示“感到”, 如： e.g. The news was exciting. e.g. He appeared (to be )satisfied with my answer. 表语

3、 2注意注意 注：过去分词作表语时，应注 意与被动结构的区别。 系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点 被动结构强调谓语动作，指主语所承受的动作 The cup is broken (状态) The cup was broken by his little sisiter (动作) 3定语 单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前， e.g. Barking dogs seldom bite. e.g. Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. 在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词

4、之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如： e.g. They built a highway leading into the mountains . e.g. They are problems left over by history . 4注意 能够作后置定语的单个过去分词是非 常有限的，它们是concerned (有关的)used (用过的)，given (给予的)，involved (所涉及的)等。这些词也可作前置定语，但所表达的意思有所不同。 a concerned look 关切的神情 the comrade concerned 有关的 同志 a used car 旧车 the

5、textbooks used 用过的教科书 the given time 特定的时间 the time given 给予的时间 the involved problems 复杂的问题 the problem involved 所涉及的问题 5b. 表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如： e.g. They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south . e.g. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was

6、built in 1955. 作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有作定语的现在分词所表示的动作发生的时间有两种情况： a. 表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如： e.g. Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. 6注意注意 注：如果所表示的动作现刻正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示 e.g. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here .

7、注：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示 e.g. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting . 系动词的现在分词形式不可用作后置定语，此时要用从句来表示，如： Those being busy dont have to go. (应改为Those who are busy dont have to go.) 7 状语 1、分词作状语说明谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随情况、行为方式或对谓语加以补充说明等。 2、作状语的分词(短语)通常放在句首或句尾，有时也可插在

8、句子的主谓语之间。 3、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。 4、有时为了明确时间、条件或结果，分词前可加when, while, if, thus 等连词。 8(一) 现在分词作状语 现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况 例如： The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily . 现在分词作方式状语，表示行为方式或手段（这类状语可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，有时还可以放在句中。如： Working this way , they greatly reduced the cost. 9注意

9、如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式 Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. 现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由 Not knowing her address, we couldnt get in touch with her. 10 现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如： Turning around , she saw a police car driving up. 注：这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类

10、分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构 Be careful when crossing the street. 注：如果要强调谓语动词的动作发生时，分词的动作已经完成，这个分词要用完成形式(having done) Having arrived at a decision, they immediately set to work. 11The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay . (结果) Turning to the left, you will find t

11、he path leading to the site. ( 条件) Weighing almost one hundred kg, the stone was moved by him alone. ( 让步) 现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步 12(二) 过去分词作状语 ?过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句） United , we stand; divided , we fall. (=When / If we are united ) Heated, water changes into steam. (=When / If water

12、 is heated ) 13 过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”）。需要注意的是， 省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同 If / When (it is) heated , water changes into steam. Even if (I am)invited , I wont go. We will not attack unless (we are) attacked . The girl is very shy, and nev

13、er speaks until (she is )spoken to . 14宾补 1.要求分词或分词短语作补足语的多是一些“感觉”和“使役”动词。包括：feel, see, hear, notice, watch, smell, let, get, have, make, want, find, keep, imagine 2.现在分词作宾补说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，形成逻辑上的动宾关系。 15 现在分词做宾语补足语，如：，如： Im sorry to have kept you waiting for so long . 注意：现

14、在分词做宾语补足语表示动作与谓语同时发生或正在进行，强调动作过程 过去分词做宾语补足语 When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood . 注意：过去分词做宾语补足语表示动作完成结果，并有被动意义。 16?现在分词、不定式的被动与过去分词作定语的区别 过去分词表示动作已经完成，不强调时间概念； 现在分词的被动式强调某一个正在进行的被动动作 不定式被动强调某一个动作将来进行 The building repaired is our library （完成） The building being repaired is our

15、 library （进行） The building to be repaired is our library ( 将来) 17? 延续性动词和终止性动词的现在分词作状语在时间含义上的区别 延续性动词的分词相当于一个过去进行时态的从句；而终止性动词的分词结构相当于一个一般过去时的从句。 Walking in the street the other day (=While I was walking in the street the other day), I came across an old friend of mine. Arriving at the airport (=When

16、 I arrived at the airport ), I found my flight had taken off. 18?done与being done 的混用 _(Drive)by a greater demand for vegetables, farmers have built more green houses. 非谓语动词用法误区警示 透析 Driven 此题考生容易错填Being driven. “Being driven” 是一个现在分词的被动式结构，在句中作状语时表示一个正在进行或与主句谓语同时进行的动作，与题目中的“.have built.” 矛盾，故不可以选。动词

17、drive（驱使）的逻辑主语为farmers,它们之间是动宾关系，故该处应使用过去分词结构，它可以表示被动或完成的含义。 19_(Expose)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin. 返回目录 Being exposed 【解题探究】 为了能更好地应对相关考题，现对 done结构与being done （1）作主语时，应该使用 being done 结构(此时实为动名词被动结构)，而done （2）作后置定语时，既可以使用 done结构，又可以使用being done 结构，但这二者有很大差别。 done结构作后置定语时

18、，表示被动或完成的含义，而 being done 结构作后置定语时，则表示“正在被 ” 的含义。另外to be done 结构作后置定语时表示“将被 ” 20（3）作状语时，being done 结构几乎是不用的，而 doing结构和having (been) done 结构则是常用的，表示原因。done结构作状语时，常表示被动或完成的含义。请参见下 _that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest. 返回目录 Not realizing 21reaching 【解题探究】 在英语中，带动词不定式符号 to的动词不

19、定式结构与现在分词结构都可以表示结果，但用法不同。动词不定式结构作结果状语时常常表示出乎意料的或不愿看到的结果，而现在分词短语结构作结果状语时常常表示按照自然规律发展所产生的自然的或必然的结果。 ?意义相近的结构易错点 Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _a record of $57.65 a barrel on April 4. 221.I cannot understand _ such a well-paid job. A. him to give up B. him to have giv

20、en up C. his giving up D. his being given up 2.Janes summer vacation in England led to _ an Englishman. A. her marry B. her to marry C. her being married D. her marrying 3.She was sad because of _ any chance left. A. there being not B. there not being C. not there being D. there was not 234.If you t

21、hink a letter is too slow, why not _ a telegram? A. try to have sent B. trying to send C. to try to send D. try sending 5.There is no chance _ him today. A. in seeing B. to seeing C. of seeing D. about seeing 6. “ What has made you so upset?” “_ my new bike.” A. Lost B. Because of losing C. Since I

22、lost D. Losing 7. I still remember _ to Beijing when I was six. A. to take B. taking C. having taking D. having been taken 248. Some foreigner used to _ on the left in their own countries, but now they have got used to _ on the right in our country. A. driving, drive B. drive, drive C. drive, drivin

23、g D. driving, driving 9. He remained _ there, for he grew _ in many things there. A. staying, interesting B. staying, interested C. to stay, interest D. stayed, interested 10. It happened _ when I left the station, so I had to wait until the rain stopped. A. to be raining B. to have rained C. to rai

24、n D. raining 2511. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A . Given B . To give C . Giving D . Having given 12. _ these pictures, I couldnt help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing and _ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. A. Seeing ; seen B. Seen ; seeing C. Seeing ; seeing D. Seen ; seen 13. _ his head high , the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then . A. Holding ; being held B. Held ; holding C. Having held ; held D. Held ; to be held 26